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首页程序员视角：《计算机系统：程序员观点》第三版解读

程序员视角：《计算机系统：程序员观点》第三版解读

计算机基础

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"《计算机系统：程序员的视角》第三版是一本深入探讨计算机系统原理的教材，从程序员的角度出发，全面解析了现代计算机体系结构和操作系统的关键概念。该书由Randal E. Bryant和David R. O'Hallaron两位来自卡内基梅隆大学的专家共同撰写，由Pearson出版公司发行，适用于对计算机科学有深入兴趣的学习者和专业开发者。本书详细介绍了计算机系统的各个层次，包括硬件（如CPU、内存、输入/输出设备）、操作系统（进程管理、存储管理、调度）、网络通信以及数据结构和算法在系统设计中的作用。它不仅涵盖了理论知识，还提供了丰富的实践案例和实际编程技巧，帮助读者理解如何将抽象的概念转化为实际的代码实现。作者们强调了程序员在设计和优化系统时所需具备的思考方式，以及他们如何与硬件交互以提高程序的效率和性能。此外，书中还讨论了现代计算机技术的发展趋势，如虚拟化、云计算和分布式计算，让读者能够紧跟技术前沿。《计算机系统：程序员的视角》第三版的编写团队包括高级管理人员和编辑，他们确保了教材的专业性和市场策略的执行。从封面的设计到市场推广，每一个环节都体现了严谨的编辑工作和专业的出版流程。这本书是计算机科学教育中的重要参考资料，无论是作为大学课程的教材，还是作为技术人员提升自己技能的自学指南，都能提供丰富的学习资源。对于希望深入了解计算机底层工作的程序员来说，这本书无疑是一个不可或缺的工具。"

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6.6 Implementing Conditional Branches with
Conditional Moves 214
6.7 Loops 220
6.8 Switch Statements 232
7 Procedures 238
7.1 The Run-Time Stack 239
7.2 Control Transfer 241
7.3 Data Transfer 245
7.4 Local Storage on the Stack 248
7.5 Local Storage in Registers 251
7.6 Recursive Procedures 253
8 Array Allocation and Access 255
8.1 Basic Principles 255
8.2 Pointer Arithmetic 257
8.3 Nested Arrays 258
8.4 Fixed-Size Arrays 260
8.5 Variable-Size Arrays 262
9 Heterogeneous Data Structures 265
9.1 Structures 265
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3.9.2 Unions 269

3.9.3 Data Alignment 273

3.10 Combining Control and Data in Machine-Level

Programs 276

3.10.1 Understanding Pointers 277

3.10.2 Life in the Real World: Using the GDB Debugger

279

3.10.3 Out-of-Bounds Memory References and Buffer

Overflow 279

3.10.4 Thwarting Buffer Overflow Attacks 284

3.10.5 Supporting Variable-Size Stack Frames 290

3.11 Floating-Point Code 293

3.11.1 Floating-Point Movement and Conversion

Operations 296

3.11.2 Floating-Point Code in Procedures 301

3.11.3 Floating-Point Arithmetic Operations 302

3.11.4 Defining and Using Floating-Point Constants 304

3.11.5 Using Bitwise Operations in Floating-Point Code

305

3.11.6 Floating-Point Comparison Operations 306

3.11.7 Observations about Floating-Point Code 309

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3.12 Summary 309

Bibliographic Notes 310

Homework Problems 311

Solutions to Practice Problems 325

4 Processor Architecture 351

4.1 The Y86-64 Instruction Set Architecture 355

4.1.1 Programmer-Visible State 355

4.1.2 Y86-64 Instructions 356

4.1.3 Instruction Encoding 358

4.1.4 Y86-64 Exceptions 363

4.1.5 Y86-64 Programs 364

4.1.6 Some Y86-64 Instruction Details 370

4.2 Logic Design and the Hardware Control Language HCL

372

4.2.1 Logic Gates 373

4.2.2 Combinational Circuits and HCL Boolean

Expressions 374

4.2.3 Word-Level Combinational Circuits and HCL

Integer Expressions 376

4.2.4 Set Membership 380

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2.5 Memory and Clocking 381
3 Sequential Y86-64 Implementations 384
3.1 Organizing Processing into Stages 384
3.2 SEQ Hardware Structure 396
3.3 SEQ Timing 400
3.4 SEQ Stage Implementations 404
4 General Principles of Pipelining 412
4.1 Computational Pipelines 412
4.2 A Detailed Look at Pipeline Operation 414
4.3 Limitations of Pipelining 416
4.4 Pipelining a System with Feedback 419
5 Pipelined Y86-64 Implementations 421
5.1 SEQ+: Rearranging the Computation Stages 421
5.2 Inserting Pipeline Registers 422
5.3 Rearranging and Relabeling Signals 426
5.4 Next PC Prediction 427
5.5 Pipeline Hazards 429
5.6 Exception Handling 444
5.7 PIPE Stage Implementations 447
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5.8 Pipeline Control Logic 455
5.9 Performance Analysis 464
5.10 Unfinished Business 468
6 Summary 470
6.1 Y86-64 Simulators 472
Bibliographic Notes 473
Homework Problems 473
Solutions to Practice Problems 480
Optimizing Program Performance 495
1 Capabilities and Limitations of Optimizing Compilers
498
2 Expressing Program Performance 502
3 Program Example 504
4 Eliminating Loop Inefficiencies 508
5 Reducing Procedure Calls 512
6 Eliminating Unneeded Memory References 514
7 Understanding Modern Processors 517
7.1 Overall Operation 518
7.2 Functional Unit Performance 523
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