phasor阵列天线设计与性能优化(第二版)

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《相位阵列天线》第二版是一本专门探讨相位阵列技术的权威参考书籍,由R.C. Hansen撰写,由John Wiley & Sons出版。本书详细介绍了相位阵列天线的基本概念、特性、设计原理和应用,涵盖了线性阵列、平面阵列、阵列元素、馈源设计、相互耦合、有限阵列、超级定向阵列、多波束天线、反射阵列与反射器配合以及测量与容忍度等多个关键领域。 1. **介绍**: - 简要回顾了相位阵列的背景,包括系统因素和参考文献,强调了适应性天线技术的重要性。 - 提供了对不同阵列类型(如均匀激发线性阵列、平面阵列)的概述,以及它们的关键性能指标,如波束宽度、旁瓣和带宽。 2. **阵列特性**: - 讲述了线性阵列的图案合成,包括Dolph-Chébyshev阵列、Taylor分布和低旁瓣设计方法。 - 面向平面和圆形阵列,讨论了诸如环形天线阵、平面对称槽阵列等设计,以及优化技术。 3. **阵列元素与馈源**: - 分析了不同类型阵列元素,如偶极子、波导槽、TEM号角、微带贴片等,并讲解了它们的设计原则和应用。 - 馈源部分涵盖了系列馈线(如共振阵列、旅行波阵列)、并联馈线(如公司馈线和分布式馈线)以及二维和光电馈系统的设计及误差补偿。 4. **相互作用与补偿**: - 详细阐述了扫描阵列中的耦合效应及其影响,包括空间域和频域分析方法,以及补偿盲区和减少耦合的技术。 - 对于有限阵列,研究了分析方法、小型阵列的扫描性能以及超导体技术在匹配超级定向阵列的应用。 5. **多波束和高级阵列**: - 探讨了多波束天线的构成,包括网络和透镜式 beamformers,以及数字信号处理在低旁瓣和波束间插值中的应用。 - 还介绍了特殊几何结构如环形、圆柱形和球面阵列的设计原则和性能。 6. **测量与容忍度**: - 强调了测量低旁瓣模式的重要性,阵列诊断工具的使用,以及天线性能的容忍度分析,如指向误差和峰值旁瓣水平。 这本书是从事相位阵列天线设计、工程和研究的专业人士的必备参考资料,提供了深入且全面的技术指导,有助于理解并优化相位阵列系统的性能。
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相控阵天线讲的深入浅出,很有参考价值 1 Radiation 1 1.1 The Early History of Electricity and Magnetism 1 1.2 James Clerk Maxwell, The Union of Electricity and Magnetism 8 1.3 Radiation by Accelerated Charge 10 1.4 Reactive and Radiating Electromagnetic Fields 18 References 18 2 Antennas 19 2.1 The Early History of Antennas 19 2.1.1 Resonant Electric Circuit 20 2.1.2 Heinrich Hertz: The First Antenna and Radio System 23 2.1.3 Guglielmo Marconi, the Dawn of Wireless Communication 28 vi CONTENTS 2.1.4 After the First Transatlantic Transmission 35 2.1.5 Directivity 40 2.2 Antenna Developments During the First World War 44 2.3 Antenna Developments in Between the Wars 47 2.3.1 Broadcasting 47 2.3.2 Microwaves 48 2.4 Antenna Developments During the Second World War 50 2.4.1 Radar 50 2.4.2 Other Antenna Developments 60 2.5 Post-War Antenna Developments 72 2.5.1 Frequency Independent Antennas 73 2.5.2 Helical Antenna 74 2.5.3 Microstrip Patch Antenna 75 2.5.4 Phased Array Antenna 76 References 80 3 Antenna Parameters 83 3.1 Radiation Pattern 83 3.1.1 Field Regions 84 3.1.2 Three-Dimensional Radiation Pattern 87 3.1.3 Planar Cuts 91 3.1.4 Power Patterns and Logarithmic Scale 96 3.1.5 Directivity and Gain 98 3.1.6 Reciprocity 101 3.1.7 Antenna Beamwidth 102 3.2 Antenna Impedance and Bandwidth 103 3.3 Polarisation 107 3.3.1 Elliptical Polarisation 107 3.3.2 Circular Polarisation 109 3.3.3 Linear Polarisation 110 3.3.4 Axial Ratio 110 3.4 Antenna Effective Area and Vector Effective Length 112 3.4.1 Effective Area 112 3.4.2 Vector Effective Length 114 3.5 Radio Equation 115 3.6 Radar Equation 117 3.6.1 Radar Cross-Section 118 References 120 CONTENTS vii 4 The Linear Broadside Array Antenna 123 4.1 A Linear Array of Non-Isotropic Point-Source Radiators 123 4.2 Plane Waves 124 4.3 Received Signal 126 4.4 Array Factor 131 4.5 Side Lobes and Grating Lobes 131 4.5.1 First Side-Lobe Level 131 4.5.2 Grating Lobes 132 4.6 Amplitude Taper 133 References 135 5 Design of a 4-Element, Linear, Broadside, Microstrip Patch Array Antenna 137 5.1 Introduction 137 5.2 Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna 138 5.2.1 Cavity Model 138 5.2.2 Input Impedance and Radiated Fields 140 5.2.3 Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna Design 144 5.3 Split-T Power Divider 149 5.3.1 Analysis Basic Power Divider 150 5.3.2 Analysis Impedance Transformer 158 5.3.3 Power Divider Scattering Matrix 160 5.3.4 Split-T Power Divider Simulation 161 5.4 Transmission and Reflection Coefficients for a Corporate Fed Array Antenna 163 5.4.1 Two-Element Subarray 165 5.4.2 Four-Element Array 166 5.5 Simulation, Realisation and Measurement 169 5.5.1 Realisation 169 5.5.2 Simulation and Measurement 170 References 174 6 The Linear Endfire Array Antenna 177 6.1 Introduction 177 6.2 Phase Differences 178 6.3 Hansen–Woodyard Endfire Array Antenna 183 6.4 Mutual Coupling 185 6.5 Yagi–Uda Array Antenna 188 6.5.1 Mutual Impedance 189 viii CONTENTS 6.5.2 Radiation 194 6.5.3 Antenna Design 195 References 199 7 The Linear Phased Array Antenna 201 7.1 Linear Phase Taper 201 7.2 Beam Broadening 206 7.3 Grating Lobes and Visible Space 211 7.4 Means of Phase Shifting 212 7.4.1 Phase Shifting by Changing Frequency 214 7.4.2 Phase Shifting by Changing Length 216 7.4.3 Phase Shifting by Changing Permittivity 217 7.4.4 Phase Shifting by Changing Permeability 218 References 219 8 A Frequency Scanned Slotted Waveguide Array Antenna 221 8.1 Slotted Waveguide Array Antenna 221 8.1.1 Resonant Slotted Waveguide Array Antenna 222 8.1.2 Nonresonant Slotted Waveguide Array Antenna 223 8.2 Antenna Design 231 8.3 Validation 232 References 238 9 The Planar Array and Phased Array Antenna 241 9.1 Geometry 241 9.2 Planar Array Antenna 244 9.2.1 Radiation 246 9.2.2 Side Lobe Level 252 9.2.3 Grating Lobes 255 9.3 Planar Phased Array Antenna 258 9.3.1 Radiation 258 9.3.2 Grating Lobes 264 References 267 10 Special Array Antenna Configurations 269 10.1 Conformal Array and Phased Array Antennas 269 10.1.1 Circular Sector Array and Phased Array Antenna 270 10.2 Volume Array and Phased Array Antennas 276 CONTENTS ix 10.3 Sequential Rotation and Phasing 278 10.4 Reactive Loading 286 10.4.1 Theory 288 10.4.2 Circular Dipole Array Antenna 289 References 293 11 Array and Phased Array Antenna Measurement 295 11.1 Input Impedance, Self-Coupling and Mutual Coupling 295 11.2 Radiation Pattern Measurement 298 11.2.1 Far-Field Antenna Measurement Range 299 11.2.2 Anechoic Chamber 300 11.2.3 Compact Antenna Test Range 301 11.2.4 Near-Field Antenna Measurement Range 302 11.3 Scan Element Pattern 303 11.3.1 Mutual Coupling 304 11.3.2 Scan Element Pattern 310 11.3.3 Blind Scan Angles 311 11.4 Waveguide Simulator 311 References 313