The git clone command installs the source code from GitHub into a asky2 folder
that is created in the current directory. This folder does not contain just source code;
a copy of the Git repository with the entire history of changes made to the application
is also included.
In the first chapter you will be asked to check out the initial release of the application,
and then, at the proper places, you will be instructed to move forward in the history.
The Git command that lets you move through the change history is git checkout.
Here is an example:
$ git checkout 1a
The 1a referenced in the command is a tag: a named point in the commit history of
the project. This repository is tagged according to the chapters of the book, so the 1a
tag used in the example sets the application files to the initial version used in Chap‐
ter 1. Most chapters have more than one tag associated with them, so, for example,
tags 5a, 5b, and so on are incremental versions presented in Chapter 5.
When you run a git checkout command as just shown, Git will display a warning
message that informs you that you are in a “detached HEAD” state. This means that
you are not in any specific code branch that can accept new commits, but instead are
looking at a particular commit in the middle of the change history of the project.
There is no reason to be alarmed by this message, but you should keep in mind that if
you make modifications to any files while in this state, issuing another git checkout
is going to fail, because Git will not know what to do with the changes you’ve made.
So, to be able to continue working with the project you will need to revert the files
that you changed back to their original state. The easiest way to do this is with the git
reset command:
$ git reset --hard
This command will destroy any local changes you have made, so you should save
anything you don’t want to lose before you use this command.
As well as checking out the source files for a version of the application, at certain
points you will need to perform additional setup tasks. For example, in some cases
you will need to install new Python packages, or apply updates to the database. You
will be told when these are necessary.
From time to time, you may want to refresh your local repository from the one on
GitHub, where bug fixes and improvements may have been applied. The commands
that achieve this are:
$ git fetch --all
$ git fetch --tags
$ git reset --hard origin/master
xiv | Preface
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