快速掌握SCons：2.3.6用户指南

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"SCons 2.3.6 用户指南是一本详细介绍SCons构建工具的文档，由Steven Knight和SCons开发团队编写。SCons是一个自动化构建工具，被誉为比Automake和CMake更简单易学，适合中小型项目的构建管理。该指南涵盖了从安装到实际使用的各个步骤，包括安装Python、在不同操作系统上安装SCons、建立和安装SCons的多个版本，以及进行简单的构建任务，如构建C/C++程序、Java程序和清理构建过程等。" SCons是一个开源的构建系统，它用Python语言编写，提供了一种更灵活和易于理解的方式来管理软件构建过程。SCons的核心原则是通过SConstruct文件来定义构建规则，这些文件实际上是Python脚本，使得构建逻辑可以充分利用Python的语法和库。在安装SCons之前，首先需要确保拥有一个兼容的Python环境。根据不同的操作系统，如Red Hat类Linux系统、Debian Linux系统和Windows系统，有特定的预建包安装方式。对于不支持预建包的系统，用户可以手动编译和安装SCons，同时，指南还介绍了如何在同一系统上并行安装多个版本的SCons，以及在没有管理员权限的情况下进行安装。对于初学者，SCons提供了构建简单C/C++程序和Java程序的教程。通过创建对象文件，用户可以理解如何使用SCons来管理编译过程。此外，SCons还支持构建过程后的清理工作，帮助保持开发环境的整洁。SConstruct文件是SCons的核心，它是整个构建过程的配置文件，其中包含了构建目标、依赖关系和构建命令。SConstruct文件是Python脚本，这意味着用户可以利用Python的全部功能来定制构建流程。 SCons 2.3.6 用户指南是一份全面的文档，不仅指导用户安装和配置SCons，还详细解释了如何使用SCons进行各种类型的软件构建，特别适合对Python有一定了解的开发者快速上手。通过学习这份指南，开发者可以在半小时内掌握基本的SCons使用方法，从而提高中小型项目的构建效率。

2.5. The SConstruct File

If you're used to build systems like Make you've already figured out that the SConstruct

file is the SCons equivalent of a Makefile. That is, the SConstruct file is the input file

that SCons reads to control the build.

2.5.1. SConstruct Files Are Python Scripts

There is, however, an important difference between an SConstruct file and a Makefile: the

SConstruct file is actually a Python script. If you're not already familiar with Python,

don't worry. This User's Guide will introduce you step-by-step to the relatively small amount

of Python you'll need to know to be able to use SCons effectively. And Python is very easy

to learn.

One aspect of using Python as the scripting language is that you can put comments in your

SConstruct file using Python's commenting convention; that is, everything between a '#' and

the end of the line will be ignored:

# Arrange to build the "hello" program.

Program('hello.c') # "hello.c" is the source file.

You'll see throughout the remainder of this Guide that being able to use the power of a real

scripting language can greatly simplify the solutions to complex requirements of real-world

builds.

2.5.2. SCons Functions Are Order-Independent

One important way in which the SConstruct file is not exactly like a normal Python script,

and is more like a Makefile, is that the order in which the SCons functions are called in

the SConstruct file does

not

affect the order in which SCons actually builds the programs

and object files you want it to build.

[1]

In other words, when you call the Program builder

(or any other builder method), you're not telling SCons to build the program at the instant

the builder method is called. Instead, you're telling SCons to build the program that you

want, for example, a program built from a file named hello.c, and it's up to SCons to build

that program (and any other files) whenever it's necessary. (We'll learn more about how SCons

decides when building or rebuilding a file is necessary in Chapter 6,

Dependencies

, below.)

SCons reflects this distinction between

calling a builder method like

Program and

actually

building the program

by printing the status messages that indicate when it's "just reading"

the SConstruct file, and when it's actually building the target files. This is to make it

clear when SCons is executing the Python statements that make up the SConstruct file, and

when SCons is actually executing the commands or other actions to build the necessary files.

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