Physics Letters B 767 (2017) 264–271
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Physics Letters B
www.elsevier.com/locate/physletb
Holographic model for ferromagnetic phase transition in the Lifshitz
black hole with the nonlinear electrodynamics
Ya-Bo Wu
∗
, Cheng-Yuan Zhang, Jian-Bo Lu, Mu-Hong Hu, Yun-Tian Chai
Department of Physics, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China
a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t
Article history:
Received
22 November 2016
Received
in revised form 8 January 2017
Accepted
25 January 2017
Available
online 31 January 2017
Editor:
N. Lambert
Keywords:
AdS/CFT
correspondence
Holographic
ferromagnetism
Nonlinear
electrodynamics
Lifshitz
spacetime
We numerically investigate the holographic paramagnetism–ferromagnetism phase transition in the
4-dimensional Lifshitz spacetime in the presence of three kinds of typical Born–Infeld-like nonlinear
electrodynamics. Concretely, in the probe limit, we thoroughly discuss the effects of the nonlinear
parameter b and the dynamical exponent z on the critical temperature, magnetic moment and hysteresis
loop. The results show that the exponential form of nonlinear electrodynamics correction makes the
critical temperature smaller and the magnetic moment harder to form with the absent external field for
a constant nonlinear parameter b comparing it with the logarithmic form of nonlinear electrodynamics
and the Born–Infeld nonlinear electrodynamics, especially for the case of larger dynamical exponent z.
Moreover, the increase of nonlinear parameter b (for the fixed z) or dynamical exponent z (for the fixed b)
will result in extending the period of the external magnetic field. Particularly, the effect of the exponential
form of nonlinear electrodynamics on the periodicity of hysteresis loop is more noteworthy.
© 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Funded by SCOAP
3
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1. Introduction
It is well known that weakly coupled superconductors can be
described by the BCS theory of superconductor with great accu-
racy.
However, progress in the modern condensed matter physics
in the last few decades has made it clear that this microscopic the-
ory
fails in understanding the pairing mechanism in materials (like
high-temperature
cuprates) which are strongly coupled. Hence it
forces people to find other alternative theory which is provided
by the anti-de Sitter (AdS)/conformal field theory (CFT) correspon-
dence
[1–3] to address issues in strongly interacting system. The
gauge/gravity duality [1,3] shows that a (d+1)-dimensional weak
gravity system corresponds to a conformal field theory sitting on
the d-dimensional boundary of this spacetime. The authors of
Ref. [4] introduced the first holographic s-wave superconductor can
indeed be reproduced in the 4-dimensional Schwarzschild anti-de
Sitter black hole coupled to the Maxwell complex scalar field in
this simple model. And following this, a variety of the holographic
dual models have been shown in Refs. [5–16].
Note that
all the above mentioned gravity duals for the holo-
graphic
superconductors have been carried out in the framework
*
Corresponding author.
E-mail
address: ybwu61@163.com (Y.-B. Wu).
of conventional Maxwell electrodynamics related to the Einstein–
Maxwell
gravity in the bulk. It is naturally interesting to investi-
gate
the possibility of describing such holographic superconductor
in a nonlinear scenario [17–21]. In this context, one of the most
important nonlinear electromagnetic theories is the Born–Infeld
electrodynamics [22] that was proposed to avoid the infinite self
energy arising in the Maxwell theory. And the Born–Infeld theory
remains invariant under electromagnetic duality. Therefore, consid-
ering
Born–Infeld electrodynamics, Jing and Chen firstly introduced
holographic dual model in Born–Infeld electrodynamics and ob-
served
that the nonlinear Born–Infeld parameter makes it harder
for scalar condensation to form [23], decreases the critical tem-
perature,
and changes the condensation gap. Moreover, the depen-
dence
of the condensation gap and the critical temperature on the
Born–Infeld scale parameter is similar to that on the Gauss–Bonnet
term (it corresponds to the higher derivative correction to gravita-
tion)
in the holographic superconductor. Along this line, there has
been accumulated interest to investigate various holographic dual
models with the nonlinear correction [24–32]. In order to back
up numerical calculations, Siopsis et al. improved the variational
method of Sturm–Liouville (S-L) eigenvalue problem to analytically
calculate the critical temperature and found that the analytical re-
sults
[33–37] are in good agreement with the numerical findings.
And then this method is generalized to study the holographic insu-
lator/superconductor
phase transition [38]. At the same time, other
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2017.01.060
0370-2693/
© 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Funded by
SCOAP
3
.