"2021人工智能战略资源指南：全面介绍与伦理探讨"

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The "Resource Guide on Artificial Intelligence Strategies" is a comprehensive document aimed at providing readers with valuable insights and guidance on the strategic use of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies. This guide, published in 2021 and spanning 120 pages, covers a wide range of topics related to AI, including ethics, implementation strategies, and best practices. The guide begins with an introduction that sets the stage for the importance of AI in today's rapidly evolving technological landscape. It underscores the significance of ethical considerations when developing AI technologies, emphasizing the need for responsible and inclusive AI practices. Chapter 2 delves into the ethics of AI, emphasizing the critical importance of ethical considerations in the design, development, and deployment of AI systems. The guide highlights the potential ethical challenges and implications of AI, such as bias, privacy concerns, and the impact on society. It provides readers with valuable insights into how to address these challenges and develop AI systems that prioritize ethical considerations. Throughout the guide, readers are provided with practical advice and strategies for implementing AI technologies effectively within their organizations. The guide emphasizes the need for a strategic approach to AI implementation, highlighting the importance of aligning AI initiatives with organizational goals and objectives. It also provides readers with best practices for selecting AI technologies, building AI capabilities, and measuring the impact of AI initiatives. Overall, the "Resource Guide on Artificial Intelligence Strategies" serves as a valuable resource for organizations looking to leverage AI technologies for competitive advantage. By providing readers with practical advice, insights, and best practices, the guide equips organizations with the knowledge and tools they need to successfully implement AI strategies that drive innovation and growth.

respect rule of law, human rights, democratic values and diversity; there should be

transparency and responsible disclosure to ensure understandability; AI systems must

function in a robust, secure and safe way throughout their life cycles and potential risks

should be continually assessed and managed; and organizations and individuals

developing, deploying or operating AI systems should be held accountable. The OECD also

provides five recommendations to governments on: facilitating investment in AI research

and development; fostering a digital ecosystem for AI data, compute and knowledge;

shaping an enabling policy environment for AI; building human capacity and preparing for

labour market transformation; and co-operating internationally in a multi-stakeholder

manner.

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7.The Institute for Ethical Al: Recruitment AI has a Disability Problem: questions

employers should be asking to ensure fairness in recruitment

Key words

Developed by

Year

Fairness; accessibility;

inclusion

The Institute for Ethical Al

Sep 202O

This publication advocates for fairness in Recruitment AI for people with disabilities.

Fairness in Recruitment have thus far received little attention as Artificial Intelligence (AI)

technologies have the potential to dramatically impact the lives and life chances of people

with disabilities seeking employment and throughout their career progression.

This white paper details the impacts to and concerns of disabled employment seekers

using AI systems for recruitment and provides recommendations on the steps employers

can take to ensure innovation in recruitment is also fair to all users. In doing so, it shows

that making systems fairer for disabled employment seekers ensures systems are fairer

for all.

Download here

8. United Nations: Secretary-General’s Roadmap for Digital Cooperation

Key words

Developed by

Year

Digitalization; inclusive growth;

sustainable development; human rights;

global cooperation

United- Nations

May 2020

The Roadmap for Digital Cooperation is the result of a

multi-year, multi-stakeholder, global effort to address a

range of issues related to the Internet, artificial

intelligence, and other digital technologies, and was

presented by the UN Secretary-General on 11 June 2020.

The Roadmap builds on recommendations made by the

High-level Panel on Digital Cooperation in their June 2019

report.

To meet the call to connect, respect, and protect the

online world, the action-oriented Roadmap presents the

Secretary-General’s recommendations for concrete action

by diverse stakeholders that would enhance global digital

cooperation in 8 key areas: (1) Achieving universal

connectivity by 2030; (2) Promoting digital public goods to unlock a more equitable world;

(3) Ensuring digital inclusion for all, including the most vulnerable; (4) Strengthening

digital capacity building; (5) Ensuring the protection of human rights in the digital era; (6)

Supporting global cooperation on artificial intelligence; (7) Promoting digital trust and

security; (8) Building a more effective architecture for digital cooperation.

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9. UNESCO: Culture, Platforms and Machines: The Impact of AI on the Diversity of

Cultural Expressions

Key words

Developed by

Year

non-biased and non-discriminatory;

gender equality; transparent and

explainable; auditable and accountable

UNESCO

Nov 2018

The report to the Intergovernmental Committee for the

Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural

Expressions reaffirms the importance of an ethical framework

for AI and highlights the role of the creative sector in

understanding how this framework should look like. The

ultimate objective, the report suggests, is that AI systems should

be socially beneficial.

To this end, the report echoes existing documents that selection

of data and design of algorithms should be non-biased and non-

discriminatory; promote gender equality; and be as transparent and explainable as

possible. Their creators should also be concretely auditable and held accountable.

The report is unique in its focus on fostering inclusivity and diversity of expression,

emphasizing that AI should not homogenize cultural expressions but rather should be

used to provide better access to varied expressions and promote perspectives of

traditionally marginalized groups.

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National Governments

1. Australia Department of Industry, Innovation and Science: Australia’s Ethics

Framework

Key words

Developed by

Year

Human, social and environmental well-

being; human-centered values; human

rights; diversity; autonomy; fairness;

inclusive; accessible; discrimination;

privacy protection and security; reliability

and safety; transparency and

explainability; contestability;

accountability

Department of Industry

Innovation and Science

Nov 2019

The ethics principles were developed following public consultation on a discussion paper.

The principles are meant to be aspirational and used together with existing AI-related

regulations. It is suggested that the principles can help anyone designing, developing,

integrating or using AI to achieve better outcomes; reduce the risk of negative impact;

and practice the highest standards of ethical business and good governance, but the

framing of the principles seems to target AI developers and business users. It is

noteworthy that contestability is noted as a principle in its own right as other frameworks

frequently include it under accountability.

The principles are: human, social and environmental wellbeing; human-centered values

(human rights, diversity, autonomy); fairness (inclusive, accessible, no unfair

discrimination); privacy protection and security (privacy rights, data protection, data

security); reliability and safety (operate in accordance with their intended purpose);

transparency and explainability; contestability (timely process to allow people to

challenge the use or output of the AI system); and accountability (human responsibility

and oversight).

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2.Chinese National Governance Committee for AI: Governance Principles for a New

Generation of AI

Key words

Developed by

Year

harmony and friendliness; fairness and

justice; inclusivity and sharing; open and

orderly competition; privacy; secure/safe

and controllable; shared responsibility;

open collaboration; agile governance

Chinese National Governance

Committee for AI

Jun 2019

The Following list is a summary of known examples and may not be fully comprehensive.

The Governance Committee for AI, linked

to the Ministry of Science and Technology,

outlined eight principles to “promote the

healthy development of a new generation of AI; better coordinate the relationship

between development and governance, ensure that AI is safe/secure, reliable, and

controllable; promote economically, socially, and ecologically sustainable development;

and jointly build a community of common destiny for humanity”. The principles are very

comprehensive and is similar to the Beijing AI Principles.

The principles are: harmony and friendliness (enhance common well-being of humanity,

conform to human values, promote human-machine harmony, safeguard societal security

and respect human rights, prohibit malicious application); fairness and justice (eliminate

bias and discrimination, promote equality of opportunity); inclusivity and sharing (green

development, coordinated development for disadvantaged groups and regions,

strengthen AI education, avoid monopolies, open and orderly competition); respect

privacy (right to know and right to choose, redress mechanisms); secure/safe and

controllable (transparency, explainability, reliability, and controllability, auditability,

supervisability, traceability, and trustworthiness, robustness); shared responsibility

(adhere to laws, regulations, ethics, standards and norms, accountability, consider risks

and impacts); open collaboration (exchanges across disciplines and regions; launch

international cooperation; broad consensus on international AI governance framework);

and agile governance (ethical development of AI while not hindering innovation, research

potential future risks and ensure that AI moves in a direction beneficial to society).

Download original text here

(Official text can be downloaded here).

3. French Data Protection Authority: How Can Humans Keep the Upper Hand? Report

on the Ethical Matters Raised by AI Algorithms

Key words

Developed by

Year

fairness; continued attention and

vigilance; requirement for human

intervention; intelligibility, transparency

and accountability

French Data Protection

Authority (CNIL)

Dec 2017

The report is the result of public debate organized by the Authority,

involving over 60 partners. The debate identified six main ethical

issues, derives several guiding principles, and concludes with

practical policy recommendations. The ethical challenges identified

are: threat to autonomy and free will; bias, discrimination and

exclusion; diminishing collective principles which are the basis of our

societies; collection and retention of personal data; which and how

much data should be used; and hybridization of humans and

machines, of which the threat to collective principles and

hybridization are unique.

Two foundational principles and two engineering principles are identified: fairness

(should not generate or aggravate any form of discrimination, even if unintentional);

continued attention and vigilance (not only to specific applications but at a systemic

level); reconsidering the requirement for human intervention (ensure that multi-

stakeholders human deliberation governs and guides the use of algorithms and its

effects); and intelligibility, transparency and accountability.

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4.Japan Government: Social Principles of Human-Centric AI

Key words

Developed by

Year

dignity; inclusion and diversity;

sustainability; human-centric; human

rights; expand human abilities; happiness;

prevent overreliance and malicious use;

human autonomy and control; user-

friendliness; education; eliminate

disparities; privacy; accuracy and

legitimacy; security; risk management; fair

competition; fairness, accountability and

transparency; discrimination; dialogue;

trust; innovation; collaboration; quality

and reliability; accessible data

Government of Japan

Apr 2019

Released by the Cabinet Office, these principles follow

the publication of Japan’s AI strategy. The principles,

together with individual organizations’ principles of AI

development and utilization, are structured as the

foundation of a pyramid, supporting the vision of an AI-

ready society and ultimately a philosophy of dignity

(prevent overreliance, allow humans to demonstrate

their capacities), diversity and inclusion, and

sustainability (reduce social disparities, build sustainable societies). Most of the principles

are broad ethical values, but education; fair competition; and innovation are more policy

recommendations.

The social principles of AI are: human-centric (human rights, expand human abilities,

pursue happiness, prevent overreliance and malicious use, human autonomy, user-

friendliness); education (eliminate disparities in AI literacy, including understanding of

bias, fairness and privacy issues); privacy (protect freedom, dignity and equality, accuracy

and legitimacy, human control); security (risk management, sustainability); fair

competition (no dominant position); fairness, accountability and transparency (no

discrimination, appropriate explanations, opportunities for dialogue, mechanism to

secure trust in AI); and innovation (collaboration; quality and reliability; accessible data)

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