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首页掌握Git最佳实践:实战提升团队效率
掌握Git最佳实践:实战提升团队效率
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更新于2024-07-20
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"GitBestPracticesGuide是一本由Eric Pidoux编著的专业书籍,针对Git版本控制系统提供全面的最佳实践指南。这本书的目的是帮助读者理解和掌握Git的核心功能,通过实时场景演示,提升团队协作效率和开发流程管理。《Git最佳实践》是2014年Packt Publishing出版的作品,版权所有,未经书面许可,禁止任何形式的复制、存储或传输。 书中内容涵盖了Git的基础知识,如分支管理、合并策略、提交规范、代码审查以及冲突解决等,确保读者能够熟练地在实际项目中应用。作者强调了Git的版本控制精髓,旨在使读者具备在快速变化的软件开发环境中保持代码历史清晰、维护版本一致性的能力。 值得注意的是,尽管作者和出版商已经尽力保证书中的信息准确无误,但鉴于技术的快速发展,书中所包含的信息并不保证永远适用,且不承担因本书内容导致的直接或间接损失的责任。此外,书中提及的商标信息虽已尽力标注,但并不能完全保证其准确性。 《Git最佳实践》于2014年11月首次出版,适合于Git初学者和有经验的开发者阅读,无论是希望提升自身技能,还是寻求团队协作优化,都能从中受益匪浅。通过学习这本书,读者可以系统地了解如何将Git的最佳实践融入到日常开发工作中,从而提高开发效率和代码质量。"
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Preface
[ 3 ]
New terms and important words are shown in bold. Words that you see on
the screen, in menus or dialog boxes for example, appear in the text like this:
"Click on Begin Import."
Warnings or important notes appear in a box like this.
Tips and tricks appear like this.
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to help you to get the most from your purchase.
Errata
Although we have taken every care to ensure the accuracy of our content, mistakes
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existing errata, under the Errata section of that title. Any existing errata can be viewed
by selecting your title from http://www.packtpub.com/support.
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Preface
[ 4 ]
Piracy
Piracy of copyright material on the Internet is an ongoing problem across all media.
At Packt, we take the protection of our copyright and licenses very seriously. If you
come across any illegal copies of our works, in any form, on the Internet, please
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Please contact us at copyright@packtpub.com with a link to the suspected
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We appreciate your help in protecting our authors, and our ability to bring you
valuable content.
Questions
You can contact us at questions@packtpub.com if you are having a problem
with any aspect of the book, and we will do our best to address it.
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Starting a Git Repository
This chapter covers the basics needed to understand the topics discussed in this
book, and of course, to improve your skills in Git. Commands in this chapter are
used every day by all Git users. Some of them will not be explained in detail; they
will be explained in another chapter.
In this chapter, you will learn about:
• Initializing a repository
• Cloning an existing repository
• Adding and committing les
• Pushing commits on remote repositories
Conguring Git
Before you start working on Git, you have to congure your name and e-mail
by using the following commands:
Erik@local:~$git config --global user.name "Erik"
Erik@local:~$git config --global user.email erik@domain.com
Initializing a new repository
If you want to create a repository in an existing project, just type the following
command line:
Erik@local:~$ cd myProject
Erik@local:~/myProject$ git init .
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Starting a Git Repository
[ 6 ]
Otherwise, you have to create an empty directory and type git init inside it,
as shown:
Erik@local:~$ mkdir myProject
Erik@local:~$ cd myProject
Erik@local:~/myProject$ git init
This will create a folder named .git inside the current directory that contains the
following les used by Git:
• Config: This is used with the conguration for the local Git repository
• HEAD: This lists a le that is the current head branch
• Refs directory: This contains references to a commit for a branch
Cloning an existent repository
With Git, it is possible to clone an existent repository to work on it.
There are several possibilities to clone a repository, but the http, git, and ssh
protocols are used the most.
If the repository is public, it will create a folder and everything inside the folder.
However, if the repository is private or protected, you have to enter an access
information or provide a private ssh key. For example, if you want to clone
a Symfony2 repository, type this line to clone it using myProjectName as the
folder name:
Erik@local:~/myProject$ git clone https://github.com/symfony/symfony.
gitmyProjectName
Initialized empty Git repository in /var/www/myProjectName/.git/
remote: Counting objects: 7820, done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (2490/2490), done.
remote: Total 7820 (delta 4610), reused 7711 (delta 4528)
Receiving objects: 100% (7820/7820), 1.40 MiB | 479 KiB/s, done.
Resolving deltas: 100% (4610/4610), done.
Checking out files: 100% (565/565), done.
Note that the name after the clone command is optional.
If there is no parameter after the repository location, the
repository name will be used.
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Chapter 1
[ 7 ]
You probably read the line about compressing objects. In fact, before sending any
content, Git compresses objects to speed the transmission.
We will see more uses of the clone command in the next chapter.
Working with the repository
We have to take a few minutes to look at the life cycle of a le inside Git.
A le will go through the following states, and the Git command line will take the
le from one state to another. We will explain each state and its command line.
STAGED
UNMODIFIED
MODIFIED
File is edited
File is staged
UNTRACKED
REMOVE
ADD
COMMIT
REMOVE
The important part of this schema is the triangle between the three states
UNMODIFIED, MODIFIED, and STAGED. This triangle is an innite loop.
Indeed, every time you change a le, its state is set to modied, and then staged;
when you commit the le, it returns to the unmodied state, and so on.
UNTRACKED is the rst state where the le is created, but this isn't tracked by Git.
To change the state of a le, you have to add it.
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