Go语言网络编程：从入门到安全实践

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"《Network Programming with Go：Essential Skills for Using and Securing Networks》是由Jan Newmarch撰写的一本专著，针对Go语言进行网络编程的教学和实践。作者在2009年Go语言发布后，改变了其教学策略，不再局限于传统的Java，而是将课程内容围绕Go语言展开，以此来教授网络编程的基础和安全技巧。这本书旨在帮助读者掌握在实际项目中运用Go进行网络开发的关键技能。在Go语言中，网络编程的重要性在于它简洁的语法、高效的并发处理能力以及对网络协议的支持。Go语言的网络编程库，如`net`包，提供了丰富的接口和工具，使得开发者能够轻松构建高性能的服务器和客户端应用。书中不仅涵盖了TCP/IP协议栈的实现，还包括了UDP、HTTP、HTTPS、WebSocket等现代网络通信技术的运用。本书的内容包括但不限于以下几个关键知识点： 1. Go语言基础：介绍Go语言的特性和优势，如静态类型检查、垃圾回收机制、并发模型（goroutines和channels）等，这些特性在处理网络编程的并发性问题时尤为关键。 2. 套接字编程：详细讲解如何创建套接字、连接管理、数据传输以及错误处理，这对于理解网络通信的基本原理至关重要。 3. 网络安全与加密：探讨如何实现安全的网络通信，包括SSL/TLS协议、密码学原理以及身份验证方法，确保应用程序在传输数据时的安全性。 4. 网络编程实践：通过实例演示如何使用Go语言实现简单的服务器（如Web服务器）和客户端程序，以及如何构建复杂的网络架构。 5. 网络编程最佳实践：提供关于性能优化、调试技巧、性能测试和可扩展性的建议，帮助读者避免常见问题并提升应用程序的效率。 6. Go生态中的网络工具：介绍Go社区中用于网络编程的开源库和框架，如gRPC、netcat、httprouter等，帮助读者利用现成工具加速开发过程。《Network Programming with Go》是一本适合网络开发初学者和经验丰富的程序员阅读的实用指南，无论你是希望学习Go语言的新手，还是想要提高网络编程技能的开发者，都能从中获得有价值的知识和实战经验。通过阅读本书，读者不仅能掌握Go语言在网络编程领域的应用，还能培养出在安全性和性能方面进行有效设计的能力。"

xvii

About the Author

Jan Newmarch is head of ICT (higher education) at Box Hill Institute, adjunct

professor at Canberra University, and adjunct lecturer in the School of

Information Technology, Computing and Mathematics at Charles Sturt

University. He is interested in more aspects of computing than he has time to

pursue, but the major thrust over the last few years has developed from user

interfaces under UNIX into Java, the Web, and then into general distributed

systems. Jan developed a number of publicly available software systems in

these areas. For the last few years, he has been looking at sound for Linux

systems and programming the Raspberry Pi’s GPU. He is now exploring

aspects of the IoT. He lives in Melbourne, Australia and enjoys the food and

culture there, but is not so impressed by the weather.

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Preface

It’s always fun to learn a new programming language, especially when it turns out to be a major one. Prior

to the release of Go in 2009, I was teaching a Master’s level subject in network programming at Monash

University. It’s good to have a goal when learning a new language, but this time, instead of building yet

another wine cellar program, I decided to orient my lecture notes around Go instead of my (then) standard

delivery vehicle of Java.

The experiment worked well: apart from the richness of the Java libraries that Go was yet to match, all

the programming examples transferred remarkably well, and in many cases were more elegant than the

original Java programs.

This book is the result. I have updated it as Go has evolved and as new technologies such as HTTP/2

have arisen. But if it reads like a textbook, well, that is because it is one. There is a large body of theoretical

and practical concepts involved in network programming and this book covers some of these as well as the

practicalities of building systems in Go.

In terms of language popularity, Go is clearly rising. It has climbed to 16th in the TIOBE index, is 18th

in the PYPL (Popularity of Programming Language), and is 15th in the RedMonk Programming Language

rankings. It is generally rated as one of the fastest growing languages.

There is a growing community of developers both of the core language and libraries and of the

independent projects. I have tried to limit the scope of this book to the standard libraries only and to the

“sub-repositories” of the Go tree. While this eliminates many excellent projects that no doubt make many

programming tasks easier, restricting the book to the official Go libraries provides a clear bound.

This book assumes a basic knowledge of Go. The focus is on using Go to build network applications,

not on the basics of the language. Network applications are different than command-line applications,

are different than applications with a graphical user interface, and so on. So the first chapter discusses

architectural aspects of network programs. The second chapter is an overview of the features of Go that we

use in this book. The third chapter on sockets covers the Go version of the basics underlying all

TCP/IP systems. Chapters 4, 5, and 6 are more unusual in network programming books. They cover the

topics of what representations of data will be used, how a network interaction will proceed, and for text,

which language formats are used. Then in Chapter 7, we look at the increasingly important topic of security.

In Chapter 8, we look at one of the most common application layer protocols in use, HTTP. The next four

chapters are about topics related to HTTP and common data formats carried above HTTP—HTML and

XML. In Chapter 13, we look at an alternative approach to network programming, remote procedure calls.

Chapters 14 and 15 consider further aspects of network programming using HTTP.

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