CakePHP框架官方文档详解

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"蛋糕PHP（CakePHP）官方文档，2.x版本，由Cake Software Foundation发布于2013年9月22日，涵盖了从入门到核心库的详细内容，包括博客教程、安装、框架概述、控制器、视图、模型、核心库以及插件等模块。" 在蛋糕PHP（CakePHP）的官方文档中，它提供了全面的指导来帮助开发者理解和使用这个PHP框架。以下是各部分的关键知识点： 1. **Getting Started**：这部分是入门指南，包括一个基础的博客教程，它将引导开发者通过创建一个简单的博客应用来学习 CakePHP 的基本概念和工作流程。 2. **Blog Tutorial**：博客教程不仅展示了如何创建一个博客应用，还演示了如何添加额外的功能层，如用户认证或评论系统，帮助开发者实践MVC架构。 3. **Installation**：介绍了安装蛋糕PHP的详细步骤，包括系统需求、许可证信息、下载方法、权限设置、开发环境与生产环境的配置，以及高级安装和URL重写技术。 4. **CakePHP Overview**：这部分解释了什么是蛋糕PHP，为何选择它，以及对MVC（模型-视图-控制器）设计模式的深入理解。同时，还提供了一些获取帮助的资源。 5. **Controllers**：详细讲解了控制器的角色，包括AppController、请求参数、控制器动作、生命周期回调函数、控制器方法和属性，以及更多关于控制器使用的扩展知识。 6. **Views**：视图部分涉及模板、视图块、布局和元素的使用，以及如何自定义视图类，还有视图相关的API和更深入的视图知识。 7. **Models**：模型部分阐述了模型的理解，以及更多关于模型操作的细节，如数据操作、关联关系等。 8. **Core Libraries**：核心库章节涵盖了一些通用功能、行为（Behaviors）、组件（Components）、助手（Helpers）以及工具（Utilities），这些都是蛋糕PHP框架的重要组成部分，用于增强应用程序的功能和交互性。 9. **Plugins**：这部分介绍了如何安装和配置插件，包括高级启动设置，使开发者能够轻松地扩展和复用代码。这份文档是蛋糕PHP开发者的重要参考资料，它详细阐述了框架的各个组件和最佳实践，对于想要深入学习和使用蛋糕PHP的人来说，具有极高的价值。

CakePHP Cookbook Documentation, Release 2.x

To learn more about Cake’s controllers, check out the Controllers chapter.

Creating Post Views

Now that we have our data ﬂowing to our model, and our application logic and ﬂow deﬁned by our controller,

let’s create a view for the index action we created above.

Cake views are just presentation-ﬂavored fragments that ﬁt inside an application’s layout. For most applica-

tions they’re HTML mixed with PHP, but they may end up as XML, CSV, or even binary data.

Layouts are presentation code that is wrapped around a view, and can be deﬁned and switched between, but

for now, let’s just use the default.

Remember in the last section how we assigned the ‘posts’ variable to the view using the set() method?

That would hand down data to the view that would look something like this:

// print_r($posts) output:

Array

(

[0] => Array

(

[Post] => Array

(

[id] => 1

[title] => The title

[body] => This is the post body.

[created] => 2008-02-13 18:34:55

[modified] =>

)

[1] => Array

(

[Post] => Array

(

[id] => 2

[title] => A title once again

[body] => And the post body follows.

[created] => 2008-02-13 18:34:56

[modified] =>

)

[2] => Array

(

[Post] => Array

(

[id] => 3

[title] => Title strikes back

[body] => This is really exciting! Not.

[created] => 2008-02-13 18:34:57

[modified] =>

)

10 Chapter 1. Getting Started

CakePHP Cookbook Documentation, Release 2.x

)

Cake’s view ﬁles are stored in /app/View inside a folder named after the controller they correspond to

(we’ll have to create a folder named ‘Posts’ in this case). To format this post data in a nice table, our view

code might look something like this

<h1>Blog posts</h1>

<table>

<tr>

<th>Title</th>

<th>Created</th>

</tr>

<?php foreach ($posts as $post): ?>

<tr>

<td>

<?php echo $this->Html->link($post[’Post’][’title’],

array(’controller’ => ’posts’, ’action’ => ’view’, $post[’Post’][’id’])); ?>

</td>

</tr>

<?php endforeach; ?>

<?php unset($post); ?>

</table>

Hopefully this should look somewhat simple.

You might have noticed the use of an object called $this->Html. This is an instance of the CakePHP

HtmlHelper class. CakePHP comes with a set of view helpers that make things like linking, form output,

JavaScript and Ajax a snap. You can learn more about how to use them in Helpers, but what’s important to

note here is that the link() method will generate an HTML link with the given title (the ﬁrst parameter)

and URL (the second parameter).

When specifying URLs in Cake, it is recommended that you use the array format. This is explained in more

detail in the section on Routes. Using the array format for URLs allows you to take advantage of CakePHP’s

reverse routing capabilities. You can also specify URLs relative to the base of the application in the form of

/controller/action/param1/param2.

At this point, you should be able to point your browser to http://www.example.com/posts/index. You should

see your view, correctly formatted with the title and table listing of the posts.

If you happened to have clicked on one of the links we created in this view (that link a post’s title to a URL

/posts/view/some_id), you were probably informed by CakePHP that the action hasn’t yet been deﬁned. If

you were not so informed, either something has gone wrong, or you actually did deﬁne it already, in which

case you are very sneaky. Otherwise, we’ll create it in the PostsController now:

Blog Tutorial - Adding a layer 11

CakePHP Cookbook Documentation, Release 2.x

class PostsController extends AppController {

public $helpers = array(’Html’, ’Form’, ’Session’);

public $components = array(’Session’);

public function index() {

$this->set(’posts’, $this->Post->find(’all’));

}

public function view($id) {

if (!$id) {

throw new NotFoundException(__(’Invalid post’));

}

$post = $this->Post->findById($id);

if (!$post) {

throw new NotFoundException(__(’Invalid post’));

}

$this->set(’post’, $post);

}

public function add() {

if ($this->request->is(’post’)) {

$this->Post->create();

if ($this->Post->save($this->request->data)) {

$this->Session->setFlash(__(’Your post has been saved.’));

return $this->redirect(array(’action’ => ’index’));

}

$this->Session->setFlash(__(’Unable to add your post.’));

}

Note: You need to include the SessionComponent - and SessionHelper - in any controller where you will

use it. If necessary, include it in your AppController.

Here’s what the add() action does: if the HTTP method of the request was POST, try to save the data using

the Post model. If for some reason it doesn’t save, just render the view. This gives us a chance to show the

user validation errors or other warnings.

Every CakePHP request includes a CakeRequest object which is accessible using $this->request.

The request object contains useful information regarding the request that was just received, and can be used

to control the ﬂow of your application. In this case, we use the CakeRequest::is() method to check

that the request is a HTTP POST request.

When a user uses a form to POST data to your application, that information is available in

$this->request->data. You can use the pr() or debug() functions to print it out if you want

to see what it looks like.

We use the SessionComponent’s SessionComponent::setFlash() method to set a message

to a session variable to be displayed on the page after redirection. In the layout we have

SessionHelper::flash which displays the message and clears the corresponding session vari-

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CakePHP Cookbook Documentation, Release 2.x

able. The controller’s Controller::redirect function redirects to another URL. The param

array(’action’ => ’index’) translates to URL /posts i.e the index action of posts controller. You

can refer to Router::url() function on the API (http://api20.cakephp.org) to see the formats in which

you can specify a URL for various Cake functions.

Calling the save() method will check for validation errors and abort the save if any occur. We’ll discuss

how those errors are handled in the following sections.

Data Validation

Cake goes a long way in taking the monotony out of form input validation. Everyone hates coding up endless

forms and their validation routines. CakePHP makes it easier and faster.

To take advantage of the validation features, you’ll need to use Cake’s FormHelper in your views. The

FormHelper is available by default to all views at $this->Form.

Here’s our add view:

<?php

echo $this->Form->create(’Post’);

echo $this->Form->input(’title’);

echo $this->Form->input(’body’, array(’rows’ => ’3’));

echo $this->Form->end(’Save Post’);

Here, we use the FormHelper to generate the opening tag for an HTML form. Here’s the HTML that

$this->Form->create() generates:

If create() is called with no parameters supplied, it assumes you are building a form that submits to the

current controller’s add() action (or edit() action when id is included in the form data), via POST.

The $this->Form->input() method is used to create form elements of the same name. The ﬁrst

parameter tells CakePHP which ﬁeld they correspond to, and the second parameter allows you to specify a

wide array of options - in this case, the number of rows for the textarea. There’s a bit of introspection and

automagic here: input() will output different form elements based on the model ﬁeld speciﬁed.

The $this->Form->end() call generates a submit button and ends the form. If a string is supplied as

the ﬁrst parameter to end(), the FormHelper outputs a submit button named accordingly along with the

closing form tag. Again, refer to Helpers for more on helpers.

Now let’s go back and update our /app/View/Posts/index.ctp view to include a new “Add Post”

link. Before the <table>, add the following line:

<?php echo $this->Html->link(

’Add Post’,

array(’controller’ => ’posts’, ’action’ => ’add’)

); ?>

14 Chapter 1. Getting Started

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