学习Python编程：从入门到高级实战

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"一本Python编程书籍" 这是一本名为《APythonBook》的英文学习资料，由Dave Kuhlman编写，适合对Python感兴趣的学习者。这本书分为三个部分：初学者入门、高级主题探讨以及包含大量练习的工作簿。作者鼓励读者坚持学习Python，因为掌握这门语言将为未来的职业发展开辟广阔的道路。 1. 初学者入门 (Part1 - Beginning Python) 这部分主要针对Python初学者，介绍了Python的基础知识。作者在1.1章节中讲解了Python的重要特性，并提供了获取更多帮助的途径。1.2章节则讨论了交互式Python环境，这是学习Python的一个常见起点。1.3章节深入到语言的词法细节，包括： - 行 (Lines)：解释Python代码如何根据行进行组织。 - 名字与标记 (Names and Tokens)：介绍Python中的变量命名规则和语法元素。 - 块与缩进 (Blocks and Indentation)：Python中使用缩进来表示代码块，这是它与其他语言的一大区别。 - 文档字符串 (DocStrings)：用于为函数、类和模块添加文档的特殊字符串。 - 运算符 (Operators)：涵盖Python中的各种算术、比较和逻辑运算符。在1.4章节，作者讨论了Python内置的数据类型，首先是： - 字符串 (Strings) - 什么是字符串 (What strings are)：介绍字符串的基本概念，如创建和操作字符串的方法。 1. 高级主题 (Advanced Topics) 虽然这部分内容没有在摘要中详细列出，但通常会涵盖更复杂的概念，例如面向对象编程、元编程、装饰器、上下文管理器等，这些都是Python进阶开发人员需要掌握的关键技能。 1. Python练习工作簿 (Python Exercises) 书中包含大量的练习题，旨在让读者通过实践来巩固所学知识，这是提高编程技能的最好方式之一。这本书遵循开源MIT许可证，允许自由使用和分发。对于希望系统性地学习Python，无论是初学者还是有一定基础的开发者，这本书都是一个宝贵的资源。通过阅读和完成书中的练习，可以加深对Python语言的理解，为成为熟练的Python程序员打下坚实基础。

name and (2) a mode. Commonly used modes are "r" (read), "w" (write), and "a"

(append).

● See Built-in Functions: open() -- http://docs.python.org/library/functions.html#open

for more information on opening files. See Built-in Types: File Objects --

http://docs.python.org/library/stdtypes.html#file-objects for more information on how

to use file objects.

Reading an entire file -- example:

>>> infile = file('tmp.txt', 'r')

>>> content = infile.read()

>>> print content

This is line #1

This is line #2

This is line #3

>>> infile.close()

Notes:

● Also consider using something like content.splitlines(), if you want to divide content

in lines (split on newline characters).

Reading a file one line at a time -- example:

>>> infile = file('tmp.txt', 'r')

>>> for line in infile:

... print 'Line:', line

...

Line: This is line #1

Line: This is line #2

Line: This is line #3

>>> infile.close()

Notes:

● Learn more about the for: statement in section for: statement.

● "infile.readlines()" returns a list of lines in the file. For large files use the file object

itself or "infile.xreadlines()", both of which are iterators for the lines in the file.

● In older versions of Python, a file object is not itself an iterator. In those older

versions of Python, you may need to use infile.readlines() or a while loop containing

infile.readline() For example:

>>> infile = file('tmp.txt', 'r')

>>> for line in infile.readlines():

... print 'Line:', line

...

A few additional comments about strings:

● A string is a special kind of sequence. So, you can index into the characters of a string

and you can iterate over the characters in a string. For example:

>>> s1 = 'abcd'

>>> s1[1]

'b'

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>>> s1[2]

'c'

>>> for ch in s1:

... print ch

...

● If you need to do fast or complex string searches, there is a regular expression module

in the standard library. re re - Regular expression operations --

http://docs.python.org/library/re.html.

● An interesting feature of string formatting is the ability to use dictionaries to supply

the values that are inserted. Here is an example:

names = {'tree': 'sycamore', 'flower': 'poppy', 'herb': 'arugula'}

print 'The tree is %(tree)s' % names

print 'The flower is %(flower)s' % names

print 'The herb is %(herb)s' % names

1.4.2 Sequences -- Lists and Tuples

1.4.2.1 What sequences are

There are several types of sequences in Python. We've already discussed strings, which are

sequences of characters. In this section we will describe lists and tuples. See Built-in Types:

Sequence Types - str, unicode, list, tuple, buffer, xrange --

http://docs.python.org/library/stdtypes.html#sequence-types-str-unicode-list-tuple-buffer-

xrange for more information on Python's built-in sequence types.

Lists are dynamic arrays. They are arrays in the sense that you can index items in a list (for

example "mylist[3]") and you can select sub-ranges (for example "mylist[2:4]"). They are

dynamic in the sense that you can add and remove items after the list is created.

Tuples are light-weight lists, but differ from lists in that they are immutable. That is, once a

tuple has been created, you cannot modify it. You can, of course, modify any (modifiable)

objects that the tuple contains, in other words that it refers to.

Capabilities of lists:

● Append an item.

● Insert an item (at the beginning or into the middle of the list).

● Add a list of items to an existing list.

Capabilities of lists and tuples:

● Index items, that is get an item out of a list or tuple based on the position in the list

(relative to zero, the beginning of the sequence).

● Select a subsequence of contiguous items (also known as a slice).

● Iterate over the items in the list or tuple.

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