第3 6 卷第6 期 大气科学学报 Vol. 36 No. 6
2013 年 12 月 Transactions of Atmospheric Sciences Dec. 2013
陈懿妮,朱伟军,袁凯.2013.北太平洋风暴轴“深冬抑制”现象的能量分析[J].大气科学学报,36(6):725-733.
Chen Yi-ni,Zhu Wei-jun,Yuan Kai. 2013. An energy analysis of midwinter suppression of the North Pacific storm track[ J]. Trans Atmos Sci,36 (6):
725-733. (in Chinese)
北 太 平 洋 风 暴 轴 “深 冬 抑 制 ”现 象 的 能 量 分 析
陈懿妮u ,朱伟军1,袁凯w
(1.气象灾害教育部重点实验室(南京信息工程大学),江苏南京210044;
2.浙江省气象台,浙江杭州310017 ;3.武汉市气象局,湖北武汉430040)
摘要:采用欧洲中期天气预报中心逐日再分析资料(E R A - 4 0 ) ,从局地能量变化方程出发,通过分析
北太平洋风暴轴区域对流层不同层次局地能量的季节演变过程,对风暴轴区域各能量项在“深冬
抑制”现象中的作用进行了深入探讨。结果表明,天气尺度扰动动能的季节变化可以很好地反映
北太平洋风暴轴的“深冬抑制”现象,并且该现象在对流层上层最为显著,其发生概率约为80 % ,其
中2 0 世纪7 0 年代中后期到8 0 年代前期抑制最强。从同期各能量项的变化来看,扰动动能的变化
主要受斜压能量转换项、涡动非地转位势通量的散度项和正压能量转换项的影响。在深冬季节,由
于消耗扰动动能的正压能量转换项虽有些微弱减少从而使得扰动动能有所增加,但为风暴轴提供
扰动动能的斜压能量转换项和涡动非地转位势通量的散度项减少的幅度却更大,因而总的效果是
扰动动能大为减小,这可能是造成北太平洋风暴轴“深冬抑制”现象的直接原因。
关键词:风暴轴;深冬抑制"斜压能量转换;正压能量转换;涡动非地转位势通量
中图分类号:P732 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1674-7097 (2013) 06-0725 -09
A n e n e r g y a n a l y s i s o f m i d w i n t e r s u p p r e s s i o n o f
t h e N o r t h P a c i f i c s t o r m t r a c k
C H E N Yi-ni1’2 , Z H U Wei-jun1, Y U A N Kai1’3
(1. Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster(NUIST),Ministry of Education,Nanjing 210044,China;
2. Zhejiang Meteorological Observatory,Hangzhou 310017,China;
3. Wuhan Meteorological Bureau of Hubei Province,Wuhan 430040,China)
Abstract:Based on the daily reanalysis data of European Center for Me d ium Weather Forecast (E R A -
4 0 ) ,by using local energy change equations to calculate the seasonal variation of the local energy in
different tropospheric layers over the North Pacific storm tracc ’ the role of internal dynamic mechanism
in the maintainance of the tracc is discussed in detail. Results show that the seasonal variation of eddy
kinetic energy can well reflect the phenomenon of midwinter suppression of the North Pacific storm
hack ’ which ’ with an occurrence probability of nearly 80 % ,is most prominent on the upper levels of the
troposphere and was the strongest through the mid and late 1970s to the early 1980s. As viewed from
the simultaneous variation of each energy terms averaged over the tracc ’ by adding up the stronger loss
resulted from the larger decrease of the baroclinic energy conversion and eddy ageostophic geopotential
fux and the wearer gain resulted from the smaller decrease of the barotropic energy conversion ’ the re
markable net loss of the eddy kinetic energy during midwinter is possibly the direct reason for midwin
ter suppression of the North Pacific storm track.
收稿日期:2011 -12-20;改回日期:2012-09-12
基金项目:国家自然科学基金资助项目(41075070)"公益性行业(气象)科研专项(GYHY201306028)"江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项
目(PAPD)
通信作者:朱伟军,博士,教授,博士生导师,研究方向为大气环流异常及短期气候预测,weijun@ nuist. edu. cn.