OFBiz开发入门教程：从下载到实战

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本开发指南是关于OFBiz（Object Oriented Business Information System）的详尽教程，旨在帮助初学者及有经验的开发者快速上手OFBiz项目的开发过程。OFBiz是一个开源的业务应用框架，支持企业级的电子商务和业务流程管理。在指南的第一部分，"Getting Started with OFBiz"，作者指导读者如何获取OFBiz的源代码。首先，你需要从官方下载SVN (Subversion)版本控制工具，推荐使用TortoiseSVN，以便更方便地管理代码库。接下来，安装Java Development Kit (JDK)，这里推荐的是JDK 5.0，因为OFBiz早期版本依赖于它。下载并安装OFBiz Ready to Launch版本，这包含了基本的项目设置和预配置的数据库 Derby，用于存储初始数据。在项目初始化阶段，读者需要学习如何在Eclipse环境中设置项目，并了解Derby数据库的使用。接着，作者详细讲解了编译OFBiz和加载数据的过程，分为两部分：首先是编译，确保代码没有错误；其次是加载预设的数据，以验证系统是否正常运行。在这个过程中，备份Derby数据文件以防意外，也是必要的安全步骤。启动OFBiz时，会介绍如何分配内存以优化性能，并监控启动过程中的日志，以识别潜在问题。一旦OFBiz成功启动，用户可以进行初次操作，如访问内置的"ecommerce"和"order" web应用。在"ecommerce"中，读者可以尝试购物和下订单，而在"order"应用中，将学习如何处理支付和订单履行。在支付环节，教程会展示如何接收并处理付款，然后自动化生成发票。通过这些实际操作，读者不仅能够熟悉OFBiz的界面和功能，还能理解其业务流程的运作。整个教程结构清晰，循序渐进，适合希望深入学习和实践OFBiz开发的读者。无论你是初次接触OFBiz还是希望提升现有技能，这个指南都将提供宝贵的知识和实践指导。通过跟随教程，开发者将能更好地掌握OFBiz的开发、部署和日常维护流程。

Preface.

[ 3 ]

We will nd that OFBiz is more than just a framework or toolkit. A good portion

of OFBiz is comprised of ready-made functions and structures that easily lend

themselves to being building blocks for ERP software, the application components.

Whilst it is possible to use only the OFBiz framework to build a complete ERP

application, it will be at least several magnitudes faster to build on top of these

ready-made application components. We will study some of these applications while

doing our project, which will also lead to a better understanding of some tried and

tested best practices.

What This Book Covers

Chapter 1, using a Windows machine, guides us through downloading and installingusing a Windows machine, guides us through downloading and installingguides us through downloading and installing

the necessary software we need to obtain and run the OFBiz framework. We are

shown how to create an Eclipse project and once running we are shown a few of the

components as we place an order on the applications customer facing website and

fulll the order using the back ofce's Order anager component.

In Chapter 2 we learn the structure of OFBiz. We are introduced to the concepts

of the framework, applications, and hot-deploy directories. We perform our rst

customization on an existing OFBiz component and nally create the structure of our

own bespoke application.

In Chapter 3 we take a look at how the output to the screen is constructed using the

screen widgets. We start by creating a simple screen in our learning component,

showing a basic output. By the end of the chapter we have learned how to create

complex screens, made up of different sections.

In Chapter 4 we study form widgets. We learn how they are used within screen

widgets and can save us development time and effort by quickly producing XHTL

forms so we can input information to the application.

In Chapter 5 we complete our investigation into the presentation layer of

OFBiz by learning how to use enu-Widgets to navigate around our component.

We also take more of a look at how Freearker can help us display more

complicated screens.

In Chapter 6 we re-visit the Control, learning more about how OFBiz makes use of

the Front Controller pattern to congure the ow through our component in just

one place. We learn how OFBiz handles different types of requests and we are

introduced to the concept of security. By the end of the chapter, we have added "log

in" functionality to our bespoke application and have seen how easy it is to force a

request to be "secure".

Preface

[ 4 ]

In Chapter 7 we move on to the concepts of the Entity Engine and learn how OFBiz

employs the use of the Delegation Pattern to give us easy access to methods to persist

data. We learn how OFBiz creates the database structure, adding elds, tables,

constraints and indexes from denitions in XL les. We see how, by using View

Entities, we can perform joins across tables allowing us to create complex queries.

We are also introduced to the Webtools administration component of OFBiz and

discover how to access the raw data through these screens.

In Chapter 8 we are led through a series of examples designed to showcase data

lookup and persistence techniques. We learn how to use the GenericDelegator's

methods to lookup and manipulate the underlying data. We discover how using

the Entity Engine Cache can massively improve performance by cutting down the

number of database queries and learn how complex queries can be created on the y

by using Dynamic View Entity. Finally we learn how to use the EntityListIterator to

efciently paginate through large record sets.

In Chapter 9 we take a closer look at Java events by learning a number of techniques

vital to programming the ow of the application. We also take a look at how we

can assign users permissions and how these permissions are checked within the

Java methods.

In Chapter 10 we next see another type of event and a very important one—the

services. We learn about the advantages of the Service Engine and how it works,

learning how to dene and write services in Java. We learn the difference between

invoking these services synchronously and asynchronously and how services can

be scheduled using the Job Scheduler. Finally we learn how to trigger these services

using ECAs (Event Condition Actions).

In Chapter 11 we move on to study complex permissions, learning how to assign

users granular permissions, and how simply these permissions can be checked from

our services. We learn by example how to restrict users from viewing or inputting

data depending on access rights whilst building up our bespoke application.

In Chapter 12 we learn about the OFBiz ini-Language. We see how we can write

simple services and events in Minilang, and we learn when it should be ideally used.

We see its versatility and see how widespread its concepts are used throughout

the framework.

In Chapter 13 we come towards the end of learning about the framework, we see

how easy it is to change the look and feel of the component and study the structure

of the existing screens. The chapter moves on to some more advanced Freearker

techniques that are commonly used throughout all of the components. Finally using

the production of a PDF as an example we see how to output different formats.

Preface.

[ 5 ]

In Chapter 14 we learn some real world developing techniques, including how to

debug through the different parts and languages found within the framework. We

see how to connect a remote debugger to the application and step through the Java

code line by line using the Eclipse IDE. We next learn the concepts behind getting

the latest bug xes and features and merging these into our project using Windows

tools enabling us to successfully work with the latest and greatest version on OFBiz.

Finally we see learn how to run OFBiz behind the Apache HTTP Server allowing us

to create a scalable architecture.

What You Need for This Book

Full download and installation instructions for all software and applications required

to obtain and run OFBiz can be found in Chapter 1. These included:

The Java Development Kit

TortoiseSV�

Eclipse IDE

At the time of writing, the latest stable version of OFBiz is 4.0. We will be working

with that version, and not with the trunk version. In OFBiz speak (version control

speak, rather), such a stable version is termed a "release branch"; the single trunk

that forges ahead 24/7 is simply called the "trunk". Each stable branch can still move

forward, due to the application of bug xes. Hence, even release branches do go

through revisions.

The trunk is the "latest, greatest and riskiest" state of OFBiz, where new features are

added frequently, possibly along with new bugs. Such frequent addition of features

do not allow for adequate testing. Before the dust can settle after a new addition by

one contributor, more additions may come in from other contributors around the

world. Scary as that sounds, this rapid and globally collaborative environment gives

the OFBiz framework the fantastic advantage of being improved at a breakneck pace.

On the other hand, release branches like OFBiz 4.0 have had a "feature-freeze", and

are invested with testing efforts focused on removing bugs and enhancing stability

rather than adding new and untested features. Release branches are ideal for

deployment in production environments (for real business use) where stability and

ease of maintenance and support are vital.

Working with the trunk presents a moving target, a challenge that is best taken when

we have some decent competency with the OFBiz framework as well as familiarity

with recent OFBiz trends and changes.

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