高精度绝对低温辐射计在广谱范围内的光辐射功率测量

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"Absolute Cryogenic Radiometer for High Accuracy Optical Radiant Power Measurement in a Wide Spectral Range" 本文介绍了一种绝对式低温辐射仪（Absolute Cryogenic Radiometer，ACR），用于高精度光辐射功率测量和光检测器光谱响应度校准。该ACR接收器是一个electroplated纯铜腔体，壁厚50μm，内表面涂有 specular黑色聚合物材料，混合了高度分散的碳纳米管。该腔体接收器的吸收率在250nm-16μm波长范围内≥0.9999，在500nm-16μm波长范围内≥0.99995。该ACR系统的设计和制造主要考虑了以下几个方面： 1. 高精度光辐射功率测量：为了实现高精度的光辐射功率测量，需要一个高吸收率的腔体接收器，该腔体接收器的吸收率越高，测量结果越准确。 2. 宽波长范围：该ACR系统可以在250nm-16μm波长范围内进行光辐射功率测量，这对很多应用场景都是非常有用的。 3. 低噪音等效功率：该ACR系统的腔体接收器在约5.2K温度下工作，具有纳瓦级噪音等效功率，这使得测量结果更加准确。 4. 高精度光检测器光谱响应度校准：该ACR系统可以用于光检测器光谱响应度的校准，这对光检测器的校准和测试非常重要。在该文中，作者还详细介绍了ACR系统的设计和制造过程，包括腔体接收器的设计和制造、检测系统的设计和制造等。同时，作者还对ACR系统的性能进行了测试和评价，结果表明该系统具有高精度和高稳定性。该ACR系统是一种高精度的光辐射功率测量和光检测器光谱响应度校准系统，具有广泛的应用前景。知识点： * 绝对式低温辐射仪（Absolute Cryogenic Radiometer，ACR） * 高精度光辐射功率测量 * 光检测器光谱响应度校准 * 腔体接收器的设计和制造 * 低噪音等效功率 * 宽波长范围的光辐射功率测量 * 高精度和高稳定性的测量结果相关概念： * 光辐射功率测量 * 光检测器光谱响应度校准 * 低温辐射仪 * 腔体接收器 * 碳纳米管 * specular黑色聚合物材料 * electroplated纯铜腔体 * 纳瓦级噪音等效功率

Absolute cryogenic radiometer for high accuracy optical

radiant power measurement in a wide spectral range

Haiyong Gan (甘海勇)*, Yingwei He (赫英威), Xiangliang Liu (刘想靓), Nan Xu (徐楠),

Houping Wu (吴厚平), Guojin Feng (冯国进), Wende Liu (刘文德),

and Yandong Lin (林延东)

Division of Optics, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100029, China

*Corresponding author: ganhaiyong@nim.ac.cn

Received March 30, 2019; accepted May 23, 2019; posted online July 24, 2019

An absolute cryogenic radiometer (ACR) with a detachable optical window was designed and built for high

accuracy optical radiant power measurement and photodetector spectral responsivity calibration. The ACR

receiver is an electroplated pure copper cavity with a 50-μm-thick wall and inner surface coated with a specular

black polymer material mixed with highly dispersible carbon nanotubes. The absorptivity of the cavity receivers

was evaluated to be ≥0.9999 in the 250 nm–16 μm wavelength range and ≥0.99995 in 500 nm–16 μm. The cavity

receiver works at the temperature of ∼5.2 K with nanowatt-level noise-equivalent power. The relative standard

uncertainty is 0.041% for the measurement of ∼100 μW optical radiant power (250 nm–16 μm) and 0.015% for

∼1 mW (500 nm–16 μm).

OCIS codes: 120.3930, 120.3940, 120.5630.

doi: 10.3788/COL201917.091201.

Absolute electrical substitution radiometers (ESRs) working

at cryogenic temperatures were first developed at the

National Physical Laboratory (NPL) in the UK with supe-

rior performance to those working at ambient temperature

[1]

owing to the following major accomplishments: (1) the

thermal noise from low temperature background decreases

dramatically; (2) the specific heat of pure copper at low

temperature reduces by a few orders so the cavity receiver

made from electroplated high purity copper can be signifi-

cantly more sensitive to heat; and (3) the thermal conduc-

tivity of pure copper at low temperature increases by

several times so the non-equivalence between the electrical

and optical heating on the cavity receiver can be less

influential.

Works on high accuracy measurement of optical radiant

power based on absolute cryogenic radiometers (ACRs)

have been conducted worldwide

[2–7]

. The ACRs have also

been spon taneously adopted as laboratory irradiance stan-

dards, remote sensing detectors, and pyrheliometers based

on the abundant experience on finely studied ambient-

temperature ESRs

[3,8]

. Thanks to their unmatched mea-

surement uncertainties, ACRs have been well recognized

as a primary detector for the realization of candela and

associated derived units for photometric and radiometric

quantities in the International System of Units (SI)

[9]

ACRs have played a critical role in metrology and

drawn increasing amounts of interest from important ap-

plications fields such as earth observing systems (EOS).

For instance, scientists from the National Institute of

Standards and Technology (NIST) in the U.S. successfully

applied the ACRs for the low background infrared (LBIR)

measurement facility and effectively provided traceability

to the calibration of remote sensing instruments for missile

defense and climate research

[10]

; scientists from the NPL

and their global research partners initiated an ambitious

plan for traceable radiometry underpinning terrestrial-

and helio-studies (TRUTHS) in order to satisfy the low

uncertainty calibration demands for the cutting-edge

EOS sensors and technologies

[11]

. The application scopes

of ACRs would be further broadened, especially when me-

chanically cooled ACRs with simplified handling and sus-

tainable operability were invented, and the specifications

were determined to be comparable to those cooled by

liquid helium

[12,13]

Chinese scientists have been actively working on ACRs

for more than twenty years and made important progress

on ACR component renovation, spectral range extension,

quality calibration service, and system development

[14–19]

Herein, we report our recent achievement of building a

home-made ACR for a wide spectral range, high accuracy

optical radiant power measurement with a standard un-

certainty of 0.041% at the ∼ 100 μW level in the

250 nm–16 μm range and 0.015% at the ∼1 mW level

in the 500 nm–16 μm range.

The ACR was designed as illustrated in Fig.

1 with a

detachable wedged optical window between the power-

stabilized laser system and the ACR main chamber.

The power-stabilized laser system was integrated on a

small platform with an area of about 0.6 m × 0.9 m (as

shown in Fig.

2) and mounted on a cart with good mobil-

ity. After laser power measurement, a vacuum valve on

the ACR main chamber was closed, the power-stabilized

laser system was detached off the ACR main chamber, and

the optical window was part of the power-stabilized laser

system without significant relative position change.

Hence, the optical radiant power measured by the ACR

can be directly delivered onto a photodetector under test

for spectral responsivity calibration with no need to worry

COL 17(9), 091201(2019) CHINESE OPTICS LETTERS September 2019

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