Low threshold random lasing in dye-doped and
strongly disordered chiral liquid crystals
SHAOHUA GAO,
1,2
JIAYI WANG,
1
WENHUA LI,
1
XUANYI YU,
1
XINZHENG ZHANG,
1,3,7
XIAO SONG,
1
ANDREY ILJIN,
4,8
IRENA DREVENSEK-OLENIK,
5
ROMANO A. RUPP,
1,6
AND JINGJUN XU
1,3,9
1
The MOE Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, TEDA Institute of Applied Physics and School of Physics, Nankai University,
Tianjin 300457, China
2
Institute of Optoelectronic Engineering, College of Physics & Optoelectronics, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
3
Synergetic Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300071, China
4
Institute of Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Prospect Nauki 46, Kiev 03028, Ukraine
5
Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana and Department of Complex Matter, J. Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
6
Faculty of Physics, Vienna University, Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Wien, Austria
7
e-mail: zxz@nankai.edu.cn
8
e-mail: lgtc@iop.kiev.ua
9
e-mail: jjxu@nankai.edu.cn
Received 22 January 2020; revised 4 March 2020; accepted 5 March 2020; posted 6 March 2020 (Doc. ID 388706); published 20 April 2020
Random lasing was experimentally investigated in pyrromethene 597-doped strongly disordered chiral liquid
crystals (CLCs) composed of the nematic liquid crystal SLC1717 and the chiral agent CB15. The concentration
of the chiral agent tuned the bandgap, and disordered CLC microdomains were achieved by fast quenching of the
mixture from the isotropic to the cholesteric phase. Random lasing and band edge lasing were observed synchro-
nously, and their behavior changed with the spectral location of the bandgap. The emission band for band edge
lasing shifted with the change of the bandgap, while the emission band for random lasing remained practically
constant. The results show that the threshold for random lasing sharply decreases if the CLC selective reflection
band overlaps with the fluorescence peak of the dye molecules and if the band edge coincides at the same time with
the excitation wavelength.
© 2020 Chinese Laser Press
https://doi.org/10.1364/PRJ.388706
1. INTRODUCTION
Random lasing (RL) in disordered media has attracted a lot of
attention in the last two decades. RL in a diffusive system with
gain was first predicted theoreticall y by Lethokov [1]. The ef-
fect originates from disorder-induced scattering. Lawandy et al.
observed stimulated emission in rhodamine-doped colloidal
solutions of TiO
2
nanoparticles [2]. After that, many studies
focused on optical amplification in diffusive systems [3–7],
whereas the feedback provided by multiscattering was incoher-
ent. However, optical amplification and scattering in disordered
systems may also support coherent random lasing, which is
manifested by narrow spikes atop the regular fluorescent band
[8–11]. Many closed-loop paths of light formed with the help
of recurrent multiscattering. The phase shift along the loop
determined the RL modes, which equals 2mπ, where m is an
integer [10 ]. Besides, narrow emission modes might arise origi-
nating from the very long paths by multiple-scattering without
requiring optical cavities in the random region [12]. RL has
been demonstrated in a wide range of materials, including semi-
conductor powders [8], polymers [13], and liquid crystal media
[14]. RL could also be realized in a quasi-one-d imensional
amplifying periodic-on-average random superlattice configura-
tion, which offered frequency control in coherent random
lasers [15].
Chiral liquid crystals (CLCs) have a natural 1D photonic
crystal structure due to the self-assembled helical arrangement
of the liquid crystal (LC) molecules, which lea ds to the appear-
ance of a selective reflection band or photonic bandgap (PBG).
Because the group velocity at the edge of the PBG in a photonic
crystal is close to zero, CLCs can provide efficient optical feed-
back that is crucial for lasing [16,17]. Therefore, band edge
lasing (BEL) in CLCs doped with laser dye has been attracting
much attention [18–23]. Moreover, CLCs can also be used
as reflectors for improving the lasing efficiency of CLC lasers
[24,25].
Reference [26] reported RL in a dye-doped CLC polymer
solution, in which it was found that the CLC domains played a
significant role in the feedback of strong multiscattering.
Switching between BEL and RL was achieved by applying
an electr ic field to a CLC system [27], in which RL resulted
from the feedback of the light multiscattering from CLC micro-
domains exited by electro-hydrodynamic instabilities. A similar
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Vol. 8, No. 5 / May 2020 / Photonics Research
Research Article
2327-9125/20/050642-06 Journal © 2020 Chinese Laser Press