精通Apache Cordova 4：跨平台移动应用开发

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"Apache Cordova 4 Programming by John M. Wargo" Apache Cordova 是一个流行的开源框架，允许开发者使用HTML、CSS和JavaScript等Web技术来构建原生移动应用。Apache Cordova 4版本的发布带来了许多改进和新特性，使得跨平台开发变得更加高效和便捷。本书《Apache Cordova 4 Programming》是针对这一版本的详细指南，由经验丰富的移动开发者John Wargo撰写。在书中，作者首先介绍了如何安装和配置Apache Cordova 4，包括必备的开发环境和工具，这对于初学者来说是非常重要的起点。读者将学习如何设置工作区，安装所需的SDK（软件开发工具包），以及如何使用命令行界面（CLI）进行项目初始化。接着，作者深入探讨了Apache Cordova的核心——插件系统。Apache Cordova通过插件机制让开发者能够访问设备的硬件功能，如相机、GPS、加速计等。书中详细解释了如何创建和使用自定义插件，以及如何集成现有的开源插件，这对于扩展应用功能至关重要。此外，书中对Cordova的API进行了详尽的讲解。这些API允许开发者利用Web技术与设备的各个层面进行交互，如访问本地存储、处理用户输入事件、实现推送通知等。通过实例，Wargo展示了如何有效地使用这些API来提升用户体验。特别地，书中有专门的章节覆盖了五大主流移动平台：Android、iOS、Windows Phone、Firefox OS和Ubuntu。对于每个平台，都提供了特定的适配和优化策略，帮助开发者理解和解决跨平台开发中可能遇到的问题。书中还详细阐述了Cordova应用的生命周期管理，包括启动、暂停、恢复和关闭等关键阶段，以及如何在这些阶段中正确处理应用状态。此外，还讨论了调试技巧和测试策略，确保应用在不同设备上都能正常运行。总而言之，《Apache Cordova 4 Programming》是开发者深入了解和掌握Apache Cordova 4的理想资源，无论你是新手还是有经验的开发者，都可以从中获取到宝贵的实践经验和深入的技术知识，从而更高效地开发出跨平台的移动应用。

I’ll spare you the unnecessary detail, but fast-forward to today. I anxiously await AC4P for inclusion in my course, later

this semester.

Ah, I haven’t yet shared the literal connection. Recalling my interactions with John, I add this anecdote. In addition to

his assistance with the texts, John agrees to visit my campus when traveling to our area. He offers to visit my class as

well as a college-wide venue to speak and to interact with our students. (We have a population of more than a thousand

information technology students). What happened was marvelous; his words come off the pages and into life in these

forums. This provides a tremendous learning opportunity for Georgia Gwinnett College’s students. Conversely, we see

that the narratives provided in print are his knowledge and experience captured in prose. My students engaged

enthusiastically, commenting that we should do much more with PhoneGap (and its open-source cousin, Cordova) in

future semesters. They were hooked!

Again, I welcome John into my classroom figuratively and hope that we can host him literally again, too.

—Bob Lutz, Ph.D.

Georgia Gwinnett College

January 2015

Preface

This is a book about Apache Cordova, the leading framework for building native mobile applications for multiple target

platforms using HTML5 (HTML, JavaScript, and CSS). I created the book in order to help web developers and mobile

developers understand how to use Apache Cordova to build hybrid applications for mobile devices. The book targets

the specific capabilities provided in Apache Cordova 4 and subsequent versions.

As Adobe PhoneGap is just a distribution of Apache Cordova, this book is also about Adobe PhoneGap. You’ll find any

differences between the two clearly described herein.

The book is written for mobile developers who want to learn about Apache Cordova 4. If you’re brand-new to Cordova,

this book will be just what you need to get started. If you’re experienced with an older version of Cordova, this book can

act as a refresher, plus it will show you in detail how to use all of the new stuff that’s in Cordova 4. You should have at

least some experience with mobile development to directly benefit from this book. For web developers who want to get

into mobile development using Apache Cordova, I’ve included content that shows you how to install and use the native

SDKs, but I won’t cover many native-specific topics.

What you’ll find in the book:

Lots of detailed information about Apache Cordova, what it does, how it works, and how to use the available tools and

APIs

Lots of examples and code; for even more code, be sure to check out my Apache Cordova API

Cookbook (www.cordovacookbook.com)

What you won’t find in this book:

Mobile web development and mobile development topics; this is a book about Apache Cordova, not mobile

development

Expressions or phrases in languages other than English (I hate it when authors include expressions from Latin or

French)

Obscure references to pop-culture topics (although there is an overt reference to Douglas Adams’sHitchhiker’s Guide

to the Galaxy and one obscure reference to Monty Python)

Pictures of my children or my pets

This is not a book for experienced Cordova 4 developers—if you consider yourself an experienced Cordova 4 developer,

you probably should not buy this book.

Herein I try to provide complete coverage of Apache Cordova 4, covering enough detail that readers will leave with a

complete understanding of what Cordova is, what it does, how it works, and how to use it for their mobile application

projects. There’s a whole lot more to Cordova—many advanced topics and more detailed coverage of the Cordova APIs,

which can be found in the Cordova documentation or in blogs.

This book started many years ago as a book called PhoneGap Essentials(www.phonegapessentials.com); the book was

all about PhoneGap 2.0 and was published right about the time the project name changed to Apache Cordova. The book

came in at about 300 pages. The book’s first 150 pages covered the available tools and everything a developer needed to

know to configure a development environment, and then create, write, build, and test PhoneGap applications. The

second half of the book provided a detailed deep dive into each of the (at the time) PhoneGap APIs. The cool part of this

second half was that for each API it included at least one complete, functional sample application that demonstrated

each aspect of the API. The framework’s documentation was pretty useful in demonstrating how the API worked overall,

but PhoneGap Essentials provided much more thorough examples.

The book went on to become the best-selling book on the topic, and it was used in university courses around the world.

According to Amazon.com, people are still purchasing this book today.

With the release of Apache Cordova 3, I reworked the manuscript and published Apache Cordova 3

Programming (www.cordovaprogramming.com). This book also came in at 300 pages but was essentially a rewrite of

just the first half of PhoneGap Essentials with only cursory coverage of the Cordova APIs provided. This allowed me to

go into much more detail on the tools and development process.

Unfortunately, because Apache Cordova 3 Programming was available only as an ebook, it was hard to find, and many

readers continued to buy PhoneGap Essentials even though it covered an older version of the framework.

In order to accommodate those readers who were more interested in the Cordova APIs, I reworked the second half

of PhoneGap Essentials into another 300 pages called Apache Cordova API Cookbook(www.cordovacookbook.com). In

this book, the complete example applications from PhoneGap Essentials were enhanced and expanded, and all of the

book’s content was updated for the newer version of Cordova. I’d not covered some topics as well as I would have liked

to in the first book, so this update allowed me to really expand the coverage of some topics and include even more

complete sample applications (32, I think it was).

Between Apache Cordova 3 Programming and Apache Cordova API Cookbook, I had written more than 600 pages of

coverage of Apache Cordova 3. That’s more than twice the size of the original book and a lot of good information for

developers.

With this book, I’ve updated Apache Cordova 3 Programming for Apache Cordova 4, plus included new content on a

bunch of topics. In my previous books, I focused primarily on PhoneGap and Apache Cordova; I didn’t cover many

third-party tools and left many mobile development topics uncovered as well. For this book, there were a bevy of

additional tools available and some hybrid-focused HTML frameworks, so I decided to cover as many of them as I

could in the space available to me. Where this book’s predecessor was 300 pages, this one should top out at more than

500 pages, so there’s a lot of really good information here for all types of Cordova developers. When bundled

with Apache Cordova API Cookbook, you’ll have more than 800 pages of information about Apache Cordova.

Herein you’ll find most of the same topics that were covered in Apache Cordova 3 Programming. The only missing

topic is coverage of the BlackBerry platform. I wrote the first book on BlackBerry development and had pretty much

always carried a BlackBerry device, but between books, BlackBerry experienced a dramatic drop in market share and I

started carrying an Android device as my primary device. Additionally, in previous books I had the enthusiastic support

of my former colleagues at BlackBerry, but when it came time to get feedback on the BlackBerry chapter in Apache

Cordova 3 Programming, the development team stopped responding to my inquiries. Because of those two things I

decided to drop support for BlackBerry from this book.

So, what new stuff have I added in this book? Coverage of

Plugman and the PhoneGap CLI

Cordova’s support for Firefox OS and Ubuntu devices

Automation (Grunt and Gulp) and Cordova CLI hooks

Microsoft’s hybrid toolkit for Visual Studio

Third-party tools such as AppGyver, GapDebug, THyM, and more

Third-party HTML frameworks such as Bootstrap, OpenUI5, Ionic, and Onsen UI

There’s a lot more, but these are some of the highlights.

The one thing I cover in the book but not in tremendous detail is how to build custom Cordova plugins. I cover the topic

and show you how to create two complete plugins, but this isn’t a native mobile development book and that’s a native

mobile development topic. I’ve learned from my readers that the material I do provide is enough to help a lot of people

get started with plugins and create their own plugins; I’ll leave it up to another author to write a book dedicated to

plugin development so it can get the attention it deserves.

Android Studio versus Android Developer Tools (ADT)

As I wrote the previous edition of this book, Google announced a new development tool called Android Studio. I

expected then that Android Studio would be out before I started this manuscript and I’d be able to update the content

for the new tool. As I worked through the book, Android Studio was still in beta and it was essentially incompatible

with Cordova CLI-generated projects. I thought about hacking through it in order to provide updated content here, but

after discussing my situation with Andrew Grieve from Google, I decided that it wasn’t yet ready for prime time and I

would stick with ADT for this book.

Wouldn’t you know it, right after the book went into the editing process, Google finally released Android Studio. Sigh.

At this point, I could make minor changes to the manuscript but couldn’t rewrite a complete chapter. So, unfortunately,

some of the content you’ll find in Chapter 7, “Android Development with Cordova,” refers to the older version of the

SDK. The stuff around the SDK is still valid, but Android Studio installs everything in a different place from what I’ve

shown. The incompatible stuff is everything I showed about using the Eclipse tools. Sorry.

University Use

One of the pleasant surprises you have when delivering technical books is when a book is picked up for use in university

courses. From what I can tell, several universities around the world use my Cordova books for their PhoneGap/Cordova

class work. I regularly receive emails from university professors asking me questions about the book as they prepare to

use it in their classes.

I was fortunate enough to hear from Dr. Robert Lutz from Georgia Gwinnett College. They were using my books

(Apache Cordova 3 Programming and Apache Cordova API Cookbook) in class and they were close enough that I

could drive there and see how it was working for them. I arranged a visit to the campus, and Dr. Lutz was kind enough

to arrange a campus Tech Talk at the university. I spent about an hour talking about mobile development and the role

hybrid applications play in the market. After the session ended, I spent some more time with the class using my book

and let the students pick my brain on a number of topics. It was quite a lot of fun and allowed me to learn more about

how my work is being used by others. I even signed a few copies of my books.

After this book is finished, my goal is to work with Dr. Lutz to prepare classroom material that can be used in

conjunction with the book. Stay tuned on that one.

Cordova as a Moving Target

One of the challenges in writing a book about open-source projects is that if the project is well staffed and busy, it gets

regular updates. In Cordova’s case, it’s one of the fastest-moving open-source projects on the planet, so with their

regular updates and yearly major releases, it is definitely a moving target.

I’ve worked very hard to structure and craft this book so that it can survive the rapid pace of the project, but only time

will tell. You may find that something I’ve written here has changed and the book doesn’t align with reality. There’s

nothing I can do about this except to stay on top of it and post updates to the book’s web site (described below) when I

find that something has changed enough that it breaks part of the book.

A Comment on Source Code

One of the things you’ll notice as you look at the source code included in the book is that I’ve paid special attention to

the formatting of the code so that it can be easily read and understood by the reader. Rather than allowing the

publisher to wrap the source code wherever necessary, instead I’ve forced page breaks in the code wherever possible in

order to structure it in a way that should benefit the reader. Because of this, as you copy the source code over into your

Cordova applications, you will likely find some extra line breaks that affect the functionality of the code. Sorry.

All of the book’s source code is available on GitHub (https://github.com/johnwargo/ac4p); there you’ll find the

complete application source code in a format that will allow you to quickly copy the code into your apps.

The Book’s Web Site

The book has its own web site at www.cordova4programming.com. I will post there any updates and errata to the book.

I’ll also answer questions I receive from readers. Please feel free to use the contact form on the book’s web site to

provide feedback and/or suggestions for the next edition as well.

Acknowledgments

This book wouldn’t exist without the help of others; as you can see below, I had a lot of help. Thank you to everyone

who helped me craft this manuscript, including:

The Cordova dev team for their patience and support as I asked all of my silly questions.

Raman Sethi, Bobby Anchanattu, Changhoon Baek, Rob Close, Ashwin Desai, Alan Kinzie, Pete Kong, Jonathan Li,

Marcus Pridham, Dan Van Leeuwen, and my other colleagues at SAP for continuing to teach me new things about

Apache Cordova every day.

Colleagues Marcus Pridham and Ashwin Desai for again helping me sort out issues with the plugin examples used in

the book.

Brian LeRoux, Steven Gill, Dave Johnson, and Michael Brooks from Adobe for helping me through some issues and

reviewing the PhoneGap-related chapters.

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