精通Flask：构建复杂Web应用与API

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"Flask Blueprints 由 Joël Perras 编著，旨在引导读者深入探索 Flask 微型框架，构建一系列复杂的Web应用程序。本书适合已有基本Flask应用开发经验的Python Web开发者阅读，帮助他们进一步提升技能。" 在本书中，你将学习到以下关键知识点： 1. **虚拟环境管理**：利用Python的Virtualenv库创建和切换多个虚拟环境，以隔离开发环境，确保项目的独立性。 2. **Flask应用结构**：将简单的单文件Flask应用转化为多包应用，了解如何组织和构建更强大的HTML和JSON/XML基础的应用及API。 3. **扩展集成**：集成Flask-Login实现用户认证，使用Flask-WTF处理表单，结合Flask-SQLAlchemy进行数据库交互，提高应用功能。 4. **URL路由与蓝图**：掌握在蓝图结构应用中进行URL路由和分发，理解蓝图在大型项目中的作用和优势。 5. **自定义信号和异常**：创建自己的信号并在应用中消费，实现自定义异常处理非200状态码的响应，增强错误处理能力。 6. **Werkzeug库**：学习使用Werkzeug，它是Flask背后的WSGI库，理解其在中间件、请求处理等方面的重要作用。 7. **命令行工具**：编写基于Flask-Script或Click的命令行接口(CLI)工具，用于应用的管理和开发任务。 8. **扩展开发**：学习如何构建Flask扩展，封装可复用的行为，提升代码的模块化和可维护性。 9. **数据可视化**：集成开源JavaScript图形库，如D3.js或Chart.js，创建简单的数据可视化，增强用户体验。书中的项目包括： - SQL数据库支持的应用，涉及Flask-WTF、Flask-SQLAlchemy、Jinja模板等技术。 - 使用pytest-Flask、Blinker包和CLI工具的时光线应用，涉及用户时间线数据建模和异常处理。 - 带有照片时间线的应用，涵盖Celery任务编写、API错误处理和测试、Werkzeug中间件的使用。 - 从GitHub获取并本地存储数据的应用，介绍Flask-Click扩展的安装和配置。本书采用逐步进阶的方式，每个章节都专注于构建一个复杂度逐渐增加的Web应用，让读者能够逐步掌握Flask框架的高级特性和实战技巧。

Preface

[ vii ]

Chapter 6, Hublot – Flask CLI Tools, covers a topic that is often omitted from most web

application framework discussions: command-line tools. The use of Flask-Script is

explained, and several CLI-based tools are created to interact with the data models

of our application. Additionally, we will build our very own custom Flask extension

that wraps an existing Python library to fetch the repository and issue information

from the GitHub API.

Chapter 7, Dinnerly – Recipe Sharing, introduces the somewhat intimidating concept

of the OAuth authorization ow that many large web applications, such as Twitter,

Facebook, and GitHub, implement in order to allow third-party applications to

act on behalf of the account owners without compromising basic account security

credentials. A barebones data model is constructed for a recipe-sharing application

that allows the so-called social sign in and the ability to cross-post the data from our

application to the feeds or streams of the services that a user has connected. Finally,

we will introduce the concept of database migrations using Alembic, which allow

you to synchronize your SQLAlchemy model metadata with the schemas of the

underlying relational database tables in a reliable manner.

What you need for this book

To work through most of the examples in this book, all you need is your favorite text

editor or IDE, access to the Internet (to install the various Flask extensions, not to

mention Flask itself), a relational database (one of SQLite, MySQL, or PostgreSQL),

a browser, and some familiarity with the command line. Care has been taken to

indicate when additional packages or libraries are required to complete the examples

in each chapter.

Who this book is for

This book was created for the new Python developers who wish to dive into the

world of web application development, or for the seasoned Python web application

professional who is interested in learning about Flask and the extension-based

ecosystem behind it. To get the most out of each chapter, you should have a solid

understanding of the Python programming language, a basic knowledge of relational

database systems, and uency with the command line.

Conventions

In this book, you will nd a number of styles of text that distinguish between

different kinds of information. Here are some examples of these styles, and an

explanation of their meaning.

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