Java EE 6入门教程：开发与授权概览

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Java EE教程6（PartNo:821–1841–16，发布日期：2013年1月）是一份全面的指南，旨在帮助开发者利用Java平台企业版（Java EE）进行应用程序开发。这份教程涵盖了丰富的技术内容，包括详细的文档（Tutorial）以及配套的示例代码。这些示例代码是根据伯克利许可证（Berkeley license）单独提供的，用户在下载时必须接受该许可证条款。教程的目标是作为学习Java EE平台的辅助工具，仅限于信息性用途。然而，它强调了在使用上的限制，除非在许可证条款中明确允许，否则用户不得擅自使用、复制、修改、分发或公开展示教程的任何部分。禁止对教程进行逆向工程、拆解或反编译，这体现了Oracle对其知识产权的保护。在Java EE 6教程中，开发者可以期待学习到以下核心知识点： 1. **Java EE平台概述**：教程首先会介绍Java EE的背景、架构和主要组件，如Servlet、JSP、EJB、JSF（JavaServer Faces）、Web服务（SOAP/RESTful）以及企业级应用容器（如Glassfish, WebLogic等）。 2. **模块化和部署**：涵盖如何构建模块化的应用程序，包括模块化设计原则，以及如何将应用部署到企业级服务器，如WAR文件管理和配置管理。 3. **安全性和身份验证**：教程会深入讨论Java EE的安全模型，包括角色基础访问控制、OAuth和OpenID Connect，以及HTTPS和SSL/TLS的使用。 4. **事务管理与并发控制**：讲解Java EE中的事务API（JTA, JMS）以及如何处理分布式事务和多线程环境下的并发控制。 5. **持久化和数据访问**：涉及ORM（Object-Relational Mapping）工具如Hibernate或JPA，以及数据库连接池和JDBC的使用。 6. **企业服务总线（ESB）和消息传递**：介绍了如何使用Java EE的集成框架来实现服务之间的通信，如JMS和Web Services API。 7. **应用程序生命周期管理**：涵盖了部署后应用的监控、调试、性能优化和维护等内容。 8. **编程模型和最佳实践**：探讨面向服务架构（SOA）的编程范式，以及如何遵循Java EE编程的最佳实践，提高代码质量和可维护性。 9. **实战案例分析**：教程通过实际项目示例，展示了如何将理论知识应用到生产环境中，解决企业级应用开发中的常见问题。 Java EE教程6为开发者提供了一个系统性的学习路径，帮助他们掌握Java EE平台的关键技术和实践经验，以构建高效、安全的企业级应用程序。

The Contents of an Enterprise Bean ............................................................................................... 447

Packaging Enterprise Beans in EJB JAR Modules .................................................................. 447

Packaging Enterprise Beans in WAR Modules ...................................................................... 448

Naming Conventions for Enterprise Beans ................................................................................... 449

The Lifecycles of Enterprise Beans .................................................................................................. 450

The Lifecycle of a Stateful Session Bean .................................................................................. 450

The Lifecycle of a Stateless Session Bean ................................................................................. 451

The Lifecycle of a Singleton Session Bean ............................................................................... 451

The Lifecycle of a Message-Driven Bean ................................................................................. 452

Further Information about Enterprise Beans ................................................................................ 453

23 Getting Started with Enterprise Beans .......................................................................................... 455

Creating the Enterprise Bean ........................................................................................................... 455

Coding the Enterprise Bean Class ............................................................................................ 456

Creating the converter Web Client ........................................................................................ 456

Running the converter Example ............................................................................................ 457

Modifying the Java EE Application ................................................................................................. 458

▼ To Modify a Class File ................................................................................................................ 458

24 Running the Enterprise Bean Examples ........................................................................................ 461

The cart Example ............................................................................................................................. 461

The Business Interface ............................................................................................................... 462

Session Bean Class ..................................................................................................................... 463

The @Remove Method ................................................................................................................. 466

Helper Classes ............................................................................................................................. 466

Running the cart Example ....................................................................................................... 466

A Singleton Session Bean Example: counter ................................................................................. 468

Creating a Singleton Session Bean ........................................................................................... 468

The Architecture of the counter Example .............................................................................. 472

Running the counter Example ................................................................................................ 475

A Web Service Example: helloservice ......................................................................................... 476

The Web Service Endpoint Implementation Class ................................................................ 476

Stateless Session Bean Implementation Class ........................................................................ 477

Running the helloservice Example ...................................................................................... 477

Using the Timer Service .................................................................................................................... 479

Contents

The Java EE 6 Tutorial • January 201316

Creating Calendar-Based Timer Expressions ........................................................................ 479

Programmatic Timers ............................................................................................................... 482

Automatic Timers ...................................................................................................................... 483

Canceling and Saving Timers ................................................................................................... 484

Getting Timer Information ...................................................................................................... 485

Transactions and Timers .......................................................................................................... 485

The timersession Example ..................................................................................................... 485

Running the timersession Example ...................................................................................... 488

Handling Exceptions ......................................................................................................................... 489

25 A Message-Driven Bean Example ...................................................................................................491

Overview of the simplemessage Example ..................................................................................... 491

The simplemessage Application Client ......................................................................................... 492

The Message-Driven Bean Class ..................................................................................................... 493

The onMessage Method ............................................................................................................. 494

Running the simplemessage Example ........................................................................................... 495

Administered Objects for the simplemessage Example ....................................................... 495

▼ To Run the simplemessage Application Using NetBeans IDE ............................................ 496

▼ To Run the simplemessage Application Using Ant .............................................................. 496

Removing the Administered Objects for the simplemessage Example .............................. 497

26 Using the Embedded Enterprise Bean Container ........................................................................ 499

Overview of the Embedded Enterprise Bean Container ............................................................... 499

Developing Embeddable Enterprise Bean Applications ............................................................... 499

Running Embedded Applications ............................................................................................ 500

Creating the Enterprise Bean Container ................................................................................. 500

Looking Up Session Bean References ...................................................................................... 502

Shutting Down the Enterprise Bean Container ..................................................................... 502

The standalone Example Application ........................................................................................... 502

▼ To Run the standalone Example Application ....................................................................... 503

27 Using Asynchronous Method Invocation in Session Beans ....................................................... 505

Asynchronous Method Invocation ................................................................................................. 505

Creating an Asynchronous Business Method ......................................................................... 506

Contents

Calling Asynchronous Methods from Enterprise Bean Clients ........................................... 507

The async Example Application ...................................................................................................... 508

Architecture of the async Example Application .................................................................... 508

Running the async Example ..................................................................................................... 509

Part V Contexts and Dependency Injection for the Java EE Platform ...................................................513

28 Introduction to Contexts and Dependency Injection for the Java EE Platform .......................515

Overview of CDI ................................................................................................................................ 516

About Beans ....................................................................................................................................... 517

About CDI Managed Beans .............................................................................................................. 517

Beans as Injectable Objects ............................................................................................................... 518

Using Qualiers ................................................................................................................................. 519

Injecting Beans ................................................................................................................................... 520

Using Scopes ...................................................................................................................................... 520

Overriding the Scope of a Bean at the Point of Injection .............................................................. 522

Giving Beans EL Names .................................................................................................................... 522

Adding Setter and Getter Methods .................................................................................................. 523

Using a Managed Bean in a Facelets Page ....................................................................................... 524

Injecting Objects by Using Producer Methods .............................................................................. 524

Conguring a CDI Application ....................................................................................................... 525

Using the @PostConstruct and @PreDestroy Annotations With CDI Managed Bean

Classes ................................................................................................................................................. 525

▼ To Initialize a Managed Bean Using the @PostConstruct Annotation .............................. 525

▼ To Prepare for the Destruction of a Managed Bean Using the @PreDestroy Annotation 526

Further Information about CDI ...................................................................................................... 526

29 Running the Basic Contexts and Dependency Injection Examples .......................................... 527

The simplegreeting CDI Example ................................................................................................ 527

The simplegreeting Source Files ........................................................................................... 528

The Facelets Template and Page ............................................................................................... 528

Conguration Files .................................................................................................................... 529

Running the simplegreeting Example .................................................................................. 530

The guessnumber CDI Example ...................................................................................................... 531

The guessnumber Source Files ................................................................................................. 532

Contents

The Java EE 6 Tutorial • January 201318

The Facelets Page ....................................................................................................................... 536

Running the guessnumber Example ........................................................................................ 537

30 Contexts and Dependency Injection for the Java EE Platform: AdvancedTopics ...................539

Using Alternatives in CDI Applications ......................................................................................... 539

Using Specialization .................................................................................................................. 540

Using Producer Methods, Producer Fields, and Disposer Methods in CDI Applications ....... 541

Using Producer Methods .......................................................................................................... 542

Using Producer Fields to Generate Resources ........................................................................ 543

Using a Disposer Method .......................................................................................................... 543

Using Predened Beans in CDI Applications ................................................................................ 544

Using Events in CDI Applications ................................................................................................... 545

Dening Events .......................................................................................................................... 545

Using Observer Methods to Handle Events ............................................................................ 545

Firing Events ............................................................................................................................... 546

Using Interceptors in CDI Applications ......................................................................................... 547

Using Decorators in CDI Applications ........................................................................................... 549

Using Stereotypes in CDI Applications .......................................................................................... 550

31 Running the Advanced Contexts and Dependency Injection Examples ................................. 553

The encoder Example: Using Alternatives .................................................................................... 553

The Coder Interface and Implementations ............................................................................. 554

The encoder Facelets Page and Managed Bean ...................................................................... 554

Running the encoder Example ................................................................................................ 556

The producermethods Example: Using a Producer Method To Choose a Bean

Implementation ................................................................................................................................. 558

Components of the producermethods Example .................................................................... 559

Running the producermethods Example ................................................................................ 560

The producerfields Example: Using Producer Fields to Generate Resources ........................ 561

The Producer Field for the producerfields Example .......................................................... 561

The producerfields Entity and Session Bean ...................................................................... 563

The producerfields Facelets Pages and Managed Bean ..................................................... 564

Running the producerfields Example .................................................................................. 566

The billpayment Example: Using Events and Interceptors ........................................................ 568

The PaymentEvent Event Class ................................................................................................ 568

Contents

The PaymentHandler Event Listener ....................................................................................... 568

The billpayment Facelets Pages and Managed Bean ............................................................ 569

The LoggedInterceptor Interceptor Class ............................................................................ 572

Running the billpayment Example ........................................................................................ 573

The decorators Example: Decorating a Bean ............................................................................... 574

Components of the decorators Example .............................................................................. 574

Running the decorators Example .......................................................................................... 575

Part VI Persistence ..........................................................................................................................................577

32 Introduction to the Java Persistence API ...................................................................................... 579

Entities ................................................................................................................................................ 579

Requirements for Entity Classes .............................................................................................. 580

Persistent Fields and Properties in Entity Classes .................................................................. 580

Primary Keys in Entities ............................................................................................................ 585

Multiplicity in Entity Relationships ......................................................................................... 587

Direction in Entity Relationships ............................................................................................. 587

Embeddable Classes in Entities ................................................................................................ 590

Entity Inheritance .............................................................................................................................. 591

Abstract Entities ......................................................................................................................... 591

Mapped Superclasses ................................................................................................................. 591

Non-Entity Superclasses ........................................................................................................... 592

Entity Inheritance Mapping Strategies .................................................................................... 592

Managing Entities .............................................................................................................................. 595

The EntityManager Interface .................................................................................................. 595

Persistence Units ........................................................................................................................ 599

Querying Entities ............................................................................................................................... 600

Further Information about Persistence .......................................................................................... 601

33 Running the Persistence Examples ................................................................................................603

The order Application ...................................................................................................................... 603

Entity Relationships in the order Application ....................................................................... 604

Primary Keys in the order Application ................................................................................... 606

Entity Mapped to More Than One Database Table ............................................................... 610

Contents

The Java EE 6 Tutorial • January 201320

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