活跃中间人攻击:网络安全的新威胁与对策

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"Active Man in the Middle Attacks - 针对Web应用的安全威胁与对策" 中间人(Man-in-the-Middle, MitM)攻击是一种网络安全威胁,尤其针对Web应用程序时,其危害性尤为严重。在主动的MitM攻击中,攻击者能够通过公共网络窃取用户在访问任何网站时的私人数据,无论是查看新闻头条还是天气报告。而且,这种攻击甚至可能在受害者离开MitM的影响范围后仍然持续。这种攻击源于设计缺陷而非实现错误或漏洞,因此更具隐蔽性和持久性。 尽管之前已有一些关于MitM攻击的讨论,如"SideJacking"和"Surf Jacking",但至今尚未有全面深入的研究来专门探讨这一类别。提供的附件中的演示文稿概述了该主题,而论文则详尽地描述了这些危险的攻击以及提出的缓解措施。 MitM攻击的运作方式通常包括以下几个步骤: 1. **欺骗信任**:攻击者通过假冒身份,使受害者相信他们正在与合法的服务器进行通信。 2. **数据拦截**:在受害者与真实服务器之间,攻击者可以截取并读取传输的数据,甚至可能篡改信息。 3. **持久性**:通过某些技术手段,攻击者可以让受害者即使离开被控制的网络环境,仍继续受到攻击。 针对MitM攻击的防范措施通常包括: 1. **加密通信**:使用HTTPS等安全协议来加密数据传输,防止被中间人窃取。 2. **证书验证**:确保服务器的数字证书来自可信任的证书颁发机构,避免被伪造的证书欺骗。 3. **网络监控**:定期检查网络流量,及时发现异常模式,以便快速响应。 4. **用户教育**:提高用户的安全意识,提醒他们在公共网络上避免进行敏感操作。 论文可能会详细探讨这些防御策略的实施细节,以及可能存在的局限性和改进空间。此外,它还可能提出新的检测和预防MitM攻击的方法,以增强网络安全。 "Active Man in the Middle Attacks"是一个重要的网络安全问题,需要我们深入理解和采取有效措施来保护个人和组织的信息安全。通过研究和实施相应的安全策略,我们可以减轻这类攻击带来的风险。

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用中文总结以下内容: A number of experimental and numerical investigations have been conducted to study the MBPP stack and wavy flow field characteristics with various designs [10,11]. T. Chu et al. conducted the durability test of a 10-kW MBPP fuel cell stack containing 30 cells under dynamic driving cycles and analyzed the performance degradation mechanism [12]. X. Li et al. studied the deformation behavior of the wavy flow channels with thin metallic sheet of 316 stainless steel from both experimental and simulation aspects [13]. J. Owejan et al. designed a PEMFC stack with anode straight flow channels and cathode wavy flow channels and studied the in situ water distributions with neutron radiograph [14]. T. Tsukamoto et al. simulated a full-scale MBPP fuel cell stack of 300 cm2 active area at high current densities and used the 3D model to analyze the in-plane and through-plane parameter distributions [15]. G. Zhang et al. developed a two-fluid 3D model of PEMFC to study the multi-phase and convection effects of wave-like flow channels which are symmetric between anode and cathode sides [16]. S. Saco et al. studied the scaled up PEMFC numerically and compared straight parallel, serpentine zig-zag and straight zig-zag flow channels cell with zig-zag flow field with a transient 3D numerical model to analyze the subfreezing temperature cold start operations [18]. P. Dong et al. introduced discontinuous S-shaped and crescent ribs into flow channels based on the concept of wavy flow field for optimized design and improved energy performance [19]. I. Anyanwu et al. investigated the two-phase flow in sinusoidal channel of different geometric configurations for PEMFC and analyzed the effects of key dimensions on the droplet removal in the flow channel [20]. Y. Peng et al. simulated 5-cell stacks with commercialized flow field designs, including Ballard-like straight flow field, Honda-like wavy flow field and Toyota-like 3D mesh flow field, to investigate their thermal management performance [21]. To note, the terms such as sinusoidal, zig-zag, wave-like and Sshaped flow channels in the aforementioned literatures are similar to the so called wavy flow channels in this paper with identical channel height for the entire flow field. The through-plane constructed wavy flow channels with periodically varied channel heights are beyond the scope of this paper [22,23].

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