Python高级编程：从入门到环境配置

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"《Python高级编程》是一本由Tarek Ziadé编著的专业书籍，针对Python编程领域的高级实践进行深入讲解。本书是英文版，适合那些希望提升Python设计、编码和软件分发技能的专家阅读。全书共计343页，详细介绍了Python语言的安装和配置过程，包括不同平台（如Linux、Windows、Mac OS X）上的安装方法，以及如何安装和配置Python实现（如CPython、Jython、IronPython和PyPy），甚至涉及了第三方工具如setuptools的安装与使用。在第一章"Getting started"中，作者引导读者从入门开始，逐步了解如何在各自的环境中安装Python及其必要的组件。对于Linux用户，讲解了通过包管理器进行安装，而Windows用户则需关注MinGW和MSYS的安装步骤。Mac OS X用户则有专门的系统安装指南，包括使用Homebrew等工具。书中特别强调了Python提示符的个性化定制，如使用iPython这一高级提示环境，以及如何利用setuptools管理和扩展Python包，这在实际开发中非常关键。此外，作者还推荐使用代码编辑器，如Vim，以提高编程效率，并指导读者如何安装和配置它们。对于工作环境的设置，作者强调了配合合适的工具的重要性，如使用集成开发环境（IDE）、版本控制系统（如Git）和构建工具（如pip）。书中还提到了如何将MinGW与distutils集成，以便更好地支持C扩展的开发。版权信息表明，本书享有2008年Packt Publishing出版的版权，所有内容未经许可不得复制或传播，且作者和出版社不承担因使用本书信息导致的任何直接或间接损失的责任。同时，尽管尽力保证信息的准确性，但不提供任何形式的保修。《Python高级编程》是一本全面、实用的资源，涵盖了Python高级开发的各个方面，适合希望通过深入学习和实践提升自己在Python领域的专业知识和技能的读者。"

Table of Contents

[ vii ]

nose 262

py.test 264

Fakes and Mocks 267

Building a Fake 268

Using Mocks 271

Document-Driven Development 273

Writing a Story 273

Summary 274

Chapter 12: Optimization: General Principles and Profiling

Techniques 27

The Three Rules of Optimization 275

Make It Work First 275

Work from the User's Point of View 276

Keep the Code Readable(and thus maintainable) 27

Optimization Strategy 277

Find Another Culprit 27

Scale the Hardware 278

Write a Speed Test 279

Finding Bottlenecks 28

Profiling CPU Usage 280

Macro-Profiling 280

Micro-Profiling 28

Measuring Pystones 287

Profiling Memory Usage 288

How Python Deals with Memory 288

Profiling Memory 290

Profiling Network Usage 295

Summary 296

Chapter 13: Optimization: Solutions 297

Reducing the Complexity 298

Measuring Cyclomatic Complexity 298

Measuring the Big-O Notation 298

Simplifying 301

Searching in a List 301

Using a Set Instead of a List 30

Cut the External Calls, Reduce the Workload 303

Using Collections 30

Multithreading 306

What is Multithreading? 307

How Python Deals with Threads 30

When Should Threading Be Used? 30

Building Responsive Interfaces 309

Delegating Work 30

Preface

[ 2 ]

What This Book Covers

Chapter 1 explains how to install Python and makes sure all readers have the closest,

standardized environment. I almost removed this chapter since the book is not

intended for beginners. But it was kept because there are denitely some experienced

Python programmers out there who are not aware of some of the things presented.

If you are, don't feel frustrated about it, as the rest of the book will probably meet

your needs.

Chapter 2 is about syntax best practices, below the class level. It presents iterators,

generators, descriptors, and so on, in an advanced way.

Chapter 3 is also about syntax best practices, but focuses above the class level.

Chapter 4 is about choosing good names. It is an extension to PEP 8 with naming best

practices, but also gives tips on designing good APIs.

Chapter 5 explains how to write a package and how to use code templates and then

focuses on how to release and distribute your code.

Chapter 6 extends Chapter 5 by describing how a full application can be written. It

demonstrates it through a small case study called Atomisator.

Chapter 7 is about zc.buildout, a system for managing a development environment

and releasing applications, which is widely used in the Zope and Plone community

and is now used outside the Zope world.

Chapter 8 gives some insight on how a project code base can be managed and

explains how to set up continuous integration.

Chapter 9 presents how to manage software life cycle through an iterative and

incremental approach.

Chapter 10 is about documentation and gives tips on technical writing and how

Python projects should be documented.

Chapter 11 explains Test-Driven Development and the tools that can be used to do it.

Chapter 12 is about optimization. It gives proling techniques and an optimization

strategy guideline.

Chapter 13 extends Chapter 12 by providing some solutions to speed up

your programs.

Chapter 14 ends the book with a set of useful design patterns.

Preface

[ 3 ]

Last, keep an eye on http://atomisator.ziade.org, which is the website that was

build throughout the book. It has all code sources presented and will contain errata

and other add-ons.

What You Need for This Book

This book is written for developers who work under Linux, Mac OS X or Windows.

All pre-requisites are described in the rst chapter to make sure your system is

Python-enabled and meets a few requirements.

This is important for Windows developers because they need to make sure they have

a command-line environment that is close to what Mac OS X and Linux users have

from scratch. In general, all the examples should work on any platform.

Last, keep in mind that this book is not intended to replace online resources, but

rather aims at complementing them. So obviously you will need internet access to

complete your reading experience at some points, through provided links.

Who This Book Is For

This book was written for Python developers who wish to go further in mastering

Python. Some sections of the book, such as the section on continuous integration, are

targeted at project leads.

It complements the usual How To Program In Python reference books and online

resources and goes deeper in the syntax usage.

It also explains how to be agile while coding. While this can be applied to any

language, the book concentrates on providing examples with Python. So, if you are

not practicing tests nor using version control systems, you will probably learn a lot

through this book that will help you even in other languages.

From Test-Driven Development to distributed version control systems and

continuous integration, you will learn the latest programming techniques used by

experienced Python developers on big projects.

While these topics are quickly evolving, this book will not get obsolete that easily

because it rather focuses on whys instead of hows.

So, even if a given tool presented is not used anymore, you will understand why it

was useful and you will be able to pick the right one with a critical point of view.

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