PSAT 2.1.6版详细教程：接口安装与目录索引指南

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"《最新版本2.1.6版PSAT说明书》是一份详细介绍PowerSystemAnalysisToolbox（PSAT）的文档，发布于2011年6月2日，由意大利的Federico Milano编撰。这份手册对于用户特别有价值，因为它包含了关于PSAT 2.1.6版本的详细安装步骤，特别是关于接口部分，这对于那些想要在MATLAB环境下进行电力系统静态和动态分析的工程师和技术人员来说至关重要。 PSAT起源于2001年，当时Federico米兰诺还是意大利热那亚大学的博士生。最初的公开版本是在2002年11月，他作为加拿大滑铁卢大学的访问学者期间。自那时起，PSAT在他的业余时间得到维护，并且作为西班牙卡斯蒂利亚-拉曼恰大学的副教授工作之余的一项贡献。 PSAT作为一个免费软件提供，目的是为了促进其在电力系统分析中的应用和改进。然而，使用者需要注意的是，它并不提供任何形式的保证，具体条款需参考附录K中的GNU通用公共许可证（GPL）。这体现了开源软件的特点，允许用户在特定条件下自由传播和修改代码，同时尊重原作者的知识产权。手册中还提及了米兰大教堂的例子，暗示了PSAT的开发和成长过程，就像这座始建于1386年、历经数百年才完成的建筑一样，随着时间的推移，PSAT也在不断迭代和完善。这份2.1.6版本的PSAT说明书不仅提供了实用的工具，还展示了开源社区合作和持续改进的精神，对于电力系统研究者和从业人员来说，是不可或缺的参考资料。通过阅读和学习，用户可以掌握如何有效地利用PSAT进行电力系统模拟、故障分析、潮流计算等任务，进一步提升他们的工作效率和专业技能。"

List of Figures

1.1 PSAT at a glance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

1.2 PSAT around the world. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

2.1 Main graphical user interface of PSAT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

5.1 Initialization of device state and internal algebraic variables. . . . 34

5.2 GUI for general settings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

5.3 GUI for displaying power ﬂow results. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

5.4 2D visualization of power ﬂow results. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

5.5 3D visualization of power ﬂow results. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

6.1 GUI for saddle-node bifurcation settings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

6.2 GUI for limit-induced bifurcation settings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

6.3 Continuation Power Flow: tangent vector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

6.4 Continuation Power Flow: perpendicular intersection . . . . . . . . 52

6.5 Continuation Power Flow: local parametrization . . . . . . . . . . 53

6.6 GUI for the continuation power ﬂow settings. . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

6.7 GUI for plotting CPF results. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

6.8 Nose curves for the 6-bus test system (SNB) . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

6.9 Nose curves for the 6-bus test system (LIB) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

6.10 Nose curves for the 9-bus test system (HB) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

7.1 GUI for OPF analysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

7.2 GUI for displaying OPF results. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

7.3 GUI for plotting OPF Pareto’s sets. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

8.1 Eigenvalue Analysis: S-domain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

8.2 Eigenvalue Analysis: Z-domain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

8.3 Eigenvalue Analysis: QV sensitivity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79

8.4 GUI for the small signal stability analysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81

9.1 Time domain integration block diagram. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85

9.2 GUI for general settings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87

9.3 GUI for plot variable selection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90

9.4 GUI for snapshot settings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91

9.5 GUI for plotting time domain simulations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

xvi

LIST OF FIGURES xvii

9.6 Generator speeds and bus voltages for the 9-bus test system. . . . 94

10.1 PMU placement rules. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

10.2 Flowchart of the Graph Theoretic Procedure. . . . . . . . . . . . . 98

10.3 Flowchart of the Bisecting Search. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99

10.4 Pseudo-code of the simulated Annealing Algorithm. . . . . . . . . 100

10.5 Recursive N Security Method. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101

10.6 Search of alternative placement sets. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101

10.7 Pure transit no de ﬁltering. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101

10.8 Single-Shot N Security Method. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102

10.9 Recursive N − 1 Security Method. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103

10.10 Single Shot N − 1 Security Method. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104

10.11 GUI for the PMU placement methods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105

12.1 Transmission line π circuit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115

12.2 Three-winding transformer equivalent circuit. . . . . . . . . . . . . 118

13.1 Example of daily demand proﬁle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135

15.1 Bus frequency measurement ﬁlter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141

15.2 Phasors from sample data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143

16.1 Measure of frequency deviation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151

16.2 Voltage dependent load with dynamic tap changer. . . . . . . . . . 152

16.3 Thermostatically controlled load. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155

16.4 Jimma’s load. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157

17.1 Synchronous machine scheme. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162

17.2 Synchronous machine: block diagram of stator ﬂuxes. . . . . . . . 163

17.3 Field saturation characteristic of synchronous machines. . . . . . . 164

17.4 9-bus test system: ideal synchronous speed reference. . . . . . . . . 172

17.5 9-bus test system: COI reference. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173

17.6 Order I induction motor: electrical circuit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176

17.7 Order III induction motor: electrical circuit. . . . . . . . . . . . . 177

17.8 Order V induction motor: electrical circuit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178

18.1 Basic functioning of the primary frequency regulator. . . . . . . . 181

18.2 Turbine governor type I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182

18.3 Turbine governor type II. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183

18.4 Exciter Type I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186

18.5 Detail of the double lead-lag block of Exciter Type I. . . . . . . . . 186

18.6 Exciter Type I I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188

18.7 Exciter Type I II. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189

18.8 Power system stabilizer Typ e I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192

18.9 Power system stabilizer Typ e II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193

18.10 Power system stabilizer Type III . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193

18.11 Power system stabilizer Type IV. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194

xviii LIST OF FIGURES

18.12 Power system stabilizer Type V. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194

18.13 Over excitation limiter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196

18.14 Secondary voltage control scheme. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198

19.1 ULTC: equivalent π circuit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204

19.2 ULTC: secondary voltage control scheme. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204

19.3 Phase shifting transformer circuit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207

19.4 Phase shifting transformer control scheme. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207

20.1 SVC Type 1 Regulator. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210

20.2 SVC Type 2 Regulator. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211

20.3 TCSC Regulator. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214

20.4 STATCOM circuit and control block diagram. . . . . . . . . . . . 216

20.5 SSSC circuit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219

20.6 SSSC control blo ck diagram. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219

20.7 UPFC circuit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222

20.8 UPFC phasor diagram. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222

20.9 UPFC control blo ck diagrams. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223

20.10 HVDC scheme. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227

20.11 HVDC current control. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227

21.1 Low-pass ﬁlter to smooth wind speed variations. . . . . . . . . . . 232

21.2 Weibull’s distribution model of the wind speed. . . . . . . . . . . . 234

21.3 Composite mo del of the wind speed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235

21.4 Mexican hat model of the wind speed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238

21.5 Wind turbine types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239

21.6 Rotor speed control scheme. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246

21.7 Voltage control scheme of the doubly-fed induction generator. . . . 247

21.8 Pitch angle control scheme. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247

21.9 Voltage control scheme of the direct drive synchronous generator. . 250

22.1 Synchronous machine mass-spring shaft model. . . . . . . . . . . . 254

22.2 Generator with dynamic shaft and compensated line. . . . . . . . . 256

22.3 Solid Oxide Fuel Cell scheme. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261

22.4 Solid Oxide Fuel Cell connection with the ac grid. . . . . . . . . . 263

22.5 Control of the ac voltage for the Solid Oxide Fuel Cell. . . . . . . . 263

23.1 Simulink library: Main Window. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268

23.2 Simulink library: Connections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268

23.3 Simulink library: Power Flow data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269

23.4 Simulink library: OPF & CPF data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270

23.5 Simulink library: Faults & Breakers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270

23.6 Simulink library: Measurements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270

23.7 Simulink library: Loads. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271

23.8 Simulink library: Machines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271

23.9 Simulink library: Regulators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272

LIST OF FIGURES xix

23.10 Simulink library: Regulating Transformers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272

23.11 Simulink library: FACTS controllers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273

23.12 Simulink library: W ind Tur bines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274

23.13 Simulink library: Other models. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274

23.14 GUI for Simulink model settings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275

23.15 Simulink model of the WSCC 3-generator 9-bus test system. . . . 276

23.16 Simulink model of the IEEE 14-bus test system. . . . . . . . . . . 277

23.17 Simulink model of the 6-bus test system. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278

24.1 Examples of standard blocks of the PSAT Simulink Library. . . . 280

24.2 Examples of allowed connections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281

24.3 Examples of not allowed connections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281

24.4 Examples of infeasible connections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281

24.5 Bus blo ck usage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282

24.6 Breaker block usage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283

24.7 Supply and Demand block usage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284

24.8 Generator Ramp block usage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284

24.9 Generator Reserve block usage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285

24.10 Non-conventional Load block usage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286

24.11 Synchronous Machine block usage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286

24.12 Primary Regulator block usage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287

24.13 Secondary Voltage Regulation block usage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288

24.14 Under Load Tap Changer block usage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289

24.15 SVC block usage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289

24.16 Solid Oxide Fuel Cell block usage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289

24.17 Dynamic Shaft block usage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290

25.1 Simulink blocks vs. PSAT global structures . . . . . . . . . . . . 292

25.2 Mask GUI of a PSAT-Simulink block. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293

25.3 Mask initialization GUI for a PSAT-Simulink block. . . . . . . . 294

25.4 Mask icon GUI of a PSAT-Simulink block. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295

25.5 Mask documentation GUI of a PSAT-Simulink block. . . . . . . . 295

26.1 GUI for data format conversion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302

27.1 GUI for the command history. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306

27.2 GUI for 3D map visualization. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307

27.3 GUI for advanced settings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308

27.4 GUI for sparse matrix visualization. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309

27.5 GUI for PSAT theme selection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310

27.6 GUI for text viewer selection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311

27.7 Output plots of the benchmark tests. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313

28.1 Master-slave architecture. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318

29.1 Example of graph obtained using GNU Octave and gplot. . . . . 326

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