Fedora 10与Red Hat Enterprise Linux：实践指南与4GB软件包

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"《Fedora 10与Red Hat Enterprise Linux：入门指南与实战》是一本专为学习者设计的教程，针对的是最新版本的Fedora操作系统和广受欢迎的Red Hat Enterprise Linux服务器环境。作者Christopher Negus和Eric Foster-Johnson以其丰富的经验和深入浅出的方式，为读者提供了全面的学习资源。该书的核心内容包括： 1. 安装与部署：书中详细介绍了官方Fedora 10的安装过程，以及超过4GB的官方Fedora软件包，这些都收录在配套的DVD中。此外，还提供了CD-ROM版的Fedora 10 KDE Live CD，用户可以在安装前先体验其功能强大的桌面环境。 2. 基础服务设置：通过本书，读者可以学习如何设置网络服务（如Web页面、打印和登录服务），以便更好地融入Linux世界。 3. 多媒体娱乐：书中也探讨了如何在Fedora 10上播放音乐、视频和游戏，展现了Linux系统的多样性和娱乐性。 4. 尝试与安装决策：书中鼓励读者先用Live CD进行试用，亲身体验Fedora的实时运行，确保对系统有充分了解后再决定是否进行正式安装。 5. Fedora 10软件仓库：DVD中包含了Fedora 10的完整安装器和软件库，这将为用户安装过程中提供充足且压缩过的软件资源。 6. Fedora Live CD体验：随书附赠的Fedora 10 KDE Live CD让学习者有机会在不改变原有系统的情况下，尝试完整的桌面操作环境，便于理解和熟悉系统功能。《Fedora 10与Red Hat Enterprise Linux》不仅是一本技术指南，也是一本实用的工具书，旨在帮助读者从入门到精通这两款Linux发行版，提升IT技能，并适应不断变化的IT行业需求。无论是初次接触Linux的新手，还是寻求服务器管理经验的专业人士，这本书都能提供有价值的信息和实践经验。"

Contents

Part I: Getting Started in Fedora and RHEL

Chapter 1: An Overview of Fedora and Red Hat Enterprise Linux ............................3

Introducing Fedora 10 and Red Hat Enterprise Linux .................................................................... 4

What Is Linux?................................................................................................................................ 5

Linux’s Roots in UNIX................................................................................................................... 6

What Is an Operating System? .................................................................................................. 7

Common Linux Features................................................................................................................. 8

Primary Advantages of Linux ....................................................................................................... 10

What Are Red Hat Enterprise Linux and Fedora?......................................................................... 11

Red Hat forms the Fedora Project ........................................................................................... 11

Red Hat shifts to Red Hat Enterprise Linux............................................................................ 14

Choosing between Fedora and Enterprise ............................................................................... 14

Why Choose Fedora or Red Hat Enterprise Linux?...................................................................... 15

New Features in Fedora 10............................................................................................................ 17

Better Printing ......................................................................................................................... 17

FirstAidKit .............................................................................................................................. 18

OpenOffice.org 3..................................................................................................................... 18

Faster Boot Times ................................................................................................................... 18

K Desktop Environment (KDE) 4 ........................................................................................... 18

PackageKit Software Management ......................................................................................... 18

Firefox 3 Web browser............................................................................................................ 19

Preupgrade............................................................................................................................... 19

Ext4 file systems ..................................................................................................................... 19

Encrypted file systems............................................................................................................. 19

Identity management with freeIPA.......................................................................................... 19

NetworkManager..................................................................................................................... 20

Getting custom Fedora spins ................................................................................................... 20

Creating your own spins.......................................................................................................... 21

Firewall Configuration ............................................................................................................ 21

The Culture of Free Software........................................................................................................ 21

Summary....................................................................................................................................... 22

Chapter 2: Installing Fedora..........................................................................................23

Understanding Fedora Installation Media ..................................................................................... 24

Using the Fedora 10 Live CD ....................................................................................................... 24

Quick Installation.......................................................................................................................... 26

Detailed Installation Instructions .................................................................................................. 28

Installing Fedora 10................................................................................................................. 28

Choosing an installation method ............................................................................................. 29

xvi Contents

Install or upgrade? .............................................................................................................29

From DVD, network, or hard disk? ................................................................................... 31

Choosing computer hardware.................................................................................................. 32

Installing Fedora on a Laptop.................................................................................................. 33

Preparing for installation using the live CD ............................................................................ 34

Display hardware information ........................................................................................... 34

Test your hardware ............................................................................................................ 36

Beginning the installation........................................................................................................ 37

Choosing Different Install Modes............................................................................................39

Running Fedora Firstboot........................................................................................................44

Enabling Authentication.......................................................................................................... 45

Going forward after installation............................................................................................... 46

Special Installation Procedures ..................................................................................................... 47

Alternatives for starting installation ........................................................................................ 47

Booting installation from hard disk ................................................................................... 47

Booting installation from a USB device ............................................................................ 49

Booting installation using PXE.......................................................................................... 49

Installing from other media .....................................................................................................50

Beginning installation........................................................................................................ 50

Setting up an HTTP, FTP, or NFS install server................................................................ 51

Starting a VNC install.............................................................................................................. 53

Performing a kickstart installation........................................................................................... 54

Creating the kickstart file................................................................................................... 54

Installing the kickstart file ................................................................................................. 59

Booting a kickstart installation .......................................................................................... 59

Special Installation Topics ............................................................................................................ 60

Setting up to dual-boot Linux and Windows........................................................................... 60

Resizing your Windows partitions..................................................................................... 60

Using Windows partitions from Linux .............................................................................. 64

Partitioning your disks............................................................................................................. 66

Partitioning with Disk Setup during installation................................................................ 67

Partitioning with fdisk........................................................................................................70

Tips for creating partitions................................................................................................. 72

Using the GRUB boot loader................................................................................................... 74

Temporarily changing boot options................................................................................... 75

Permanently changing boot options...................................................................................77

Adding a new GRUB boot image ...................................................................................... 78

Troubleshooting Installation.......................................................................................................... 79

Spinning Your Own Fedora Install or Live Media........................................................................81

Summary ....................................................................................................................................... 82

Chapter 3: Getting Started with the Desktop .............................................................. 83

Logging in to Fedora or RHEL ..................................................................................................... 84

Why Do I Need a User Login? ................................................................................................ 86

Getting Familiar with the Desktop................................................................................................86

Contents xvii

Touring your desktop......................................................................................................... 87

Tips for configuring your desktop ..................................................................................... 94

Using the GNOME Desktop .........................................................................................................95

Using the Metacity window manager...................................................................................... 97

Using the GNOME panels....................................................................................................... 99

Use the Applications and System menus......................................................................... 100

Adding an applet.............................................................................................................. 101

Adding another panel....................................................................................................... 102

Adding an application launcher....................................................................................... 102

Adding a drawer .............................................................................................................. 103

Changing panel properties............................................................................................... 103

Using the Nautilus file manager............................................................................................ 104

Changing GNOME preferences............................................................................................. 107

Managing removable media .................................................................................................. 108

Trying other GNOME applications....................................................................................... 109

Taking notes with Tomboy.............................................................................................. 109

Checking Your Network from GNOME.......................................................................... 110

Switching to another user...................................................................................................... 110

Exiting GNOME.................................................................................................................... 111

Setting Up an Online Desktop..................................................................................................... 112

Switching Desktop Environments............................................................................................... 115

Using the KDE Desktop.............................................................................................................. 116

New Features in KDE 4.1...................................................................................................... 116

Starting with KDE................................................................................................................. 117

KDE desktop basics............................................................................................................... 118

Getting around the desktop.............................................................................................. 119

Managing files with Dolphin and Konqueror File Managers................................................ 120

Working with files........................................................................................................... 122

Searching for files with Dolphin and kfind...................................................................... 123

Creating new files and folders......................................................................................... 124

Using the Konqueror browser features.................................................................................. 125

Configuring Konqueror and Dolphin options........................................................................ 126

Managing windows ............................................................................................................... 128

Using the taskbar ............................................................................................................. 129

Moving windows............................................................................................................. 129

Resizing windows............................................................................................................ 129

Pinning windows on top or bottom.................................................................................. 130

Using virtual desktops ..................................................................................................... 130

Configuring the desktop ........................................................................................................ 130

Adding widgets...................................................................................................................... 131

Adding widgets to the panel ............................................................................................ 132

Adding widgets to the desktop......................................................................................... 132

Running 3D Accelerated Desktop Effects................................................................................... 132

Using the Xfce Desktop Environment......................................................................................... 135

Troubleshooting Your Desktop................................................................................................... 136

xviii Contents

GUI doesn’t work at start-up................................................................................................. 137

What Happens During Desktop Startup?............................................................................... 137

Tuning your video card and monitor ..................................................................................... 138

Running the Display Settings window............................................................................. 138

Understanding the xorg.conf file ..................................................................................... 139

Configuring video cards for gaming......................................................................................140

Getting more information ...................................................................................................... 140

Summary ..................................................................................................................................... 141

Chapter 4: Using Linux Commands........................................................................... 143

The Shell Interface ...................................................................................................................... 143

Checking your login session.................................................................................................. 144

Checking directories and permissions ................................................................................... 145

Checking system activity....................................................................................................... 147

Exiting the shell..................................................................................................................... 148

Understanding the Shell .............................................................................................................. 148

Using the Shell in Linux.............................................................................................................. 149

Locating commands...............................................................................................................150

Getting Help with Using the Shell......................................................................................... 151

Rerunning commands............................................................................................................ 153

Command-line editing ..................................................................................................... 153

Command-line completion............................................................................................... 155

Command-line recall........................................................................................................ 156

Connecting and expanding commands.................................................................................. 158

Piping commands............................................................................................................. 158

Sequential commands ...................................................................................................... 159

Background commands.................................................................................................... 159

Expanding commands...................................................................................................... 159

Expanding arithmetic expressions ................................................................................... 160

Expanding variables......................................................................................................... 160

Using shell environment variables......................................................................................... 160

Common shell environment variables.............................................................................. 161

Setting your own environment variables..........................................................................162

Managing background and foreground processes.................................................................. 164

Starting background processes......................................................................................... 164

Moving commands to the foreground and background.................................................... 165

Configuring your shell........................................................................................................... 166

Setting your prompt ......................................................................................................... 167

Adding environment variables......................................................................................... 168

Adding aliases..................................................................................................................169

Working with the Linux File System .......................................................................................... 169

Linux File Systems Versus Windows-Based File Systems ................................................... 171

Creating files and directories................................................................................................. 172

Identifying Directories........................................................................................................... 173

Using metacharacters and operators ................................................................................173

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