速成C# 2010权威指南：迈向.NET 4.0编程巅峰

2010

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"《加速C# 2010》是Trey Nash所著的一本专业编程指南，针对C# 2010语言及其在.NET 4.0框架中的最新技术和最佳实践进行了深入讲解。本书作为Expert's Voice系列的一部分，旨在帮助读者快速掌握C# 2010的核心概念和技术，以适应不断发展的编程环境。作者Trey Nash以其深厚的专业背景和丰富的经验，为读者提供了全面且实践性的学习资料。书中涵盖了C# 2010的关键特性，如新的语法、面向对象编程的改进、集合框架优化、多线程编程、WPF和ASP.NET MVC等现代Web开发技术，以及.NET 4.0平台的新功能。《加速C# 2010》的版权由Trey Nash持有，并受到严格的版权保护，未经许可，任何形式的复制或传播都必须获得版权所有者和出版社的书面授权。该书提供两种版本：纸质版(ISBN-13: 978-1-4302-2537-9)和电子版(ISBN-13: 978-1-4302-2538-6)，以满足不同读者的需求。该书的出版得到了一系列高级编辑和技术审阅者的支持，包括总统兼出版商Paul Manning、Lead Editor Jonathan Hassell、Technical Reviewer Damien Foggon等，以及多位知名编委共同参与，确保了内容的质量和深度。《加速C# 2010》不仅适合想要深入学习C# 2010的初学者，也适合有一定基础的开发人员提升技能，紧跟技术潮流。书中既有理论知识的阐述，也有实战项目的演示，使读者能够快速上手并熟练运用C#进行高效编程。无论是在企业级应用开发、游戏开发还是Web开发领域，这本书都是不可或缺的参考资料。"

■ CONTENTS

xiv

Sortability and Searchability .................................................................................................................248

Synchronization ....................................................................................................................................249

Vectors vs. Arrays .................................................................................................................................249

Multidimensional Rectangular Arrays ............................................................................251

Multidimensional Jagged Arrays....................................................................................253

Collection Types.............................................................................................................255

Comparing ICollection<T> with ICollection ..........................................................................................255

Collection Synchronization....................................................................................................................257

Lists.......................................................................................................................................................258

Dictionaries ...........................................................................................................................................259

Sets.......................................................................................................................................................259

System.Collections.ObjectModel...........................................................................................................260

Efficiency ..............................................................................................................................................262

IEnumerable<T>, IEnumerator<T>, IEnumerable, and IEnumerator.............................264

Types That Produce Collections............................................................................................................267

Iterators..........................................................................................................................268

Forward, Reverse, and Bidirectional Iterators ......................................................................................273

Collection Initializers......................................................................................................277

Summary........................................................................................................................278

■Chapter 10: Delegates, Anonymous Functions, and Events................................. 279

Overview of Delegates ...................................................................................................279

Delegate Creation and Use.............................................................................................280

Single Delegate.....................................................................................................................................281

Delegate Chaining.................................................................................................................................282

Iterating Through Delegate Chains........................................................................................................284

Unbound (Open Instance) Delegates.....................................................................................................285

Events ............................................................................................................................288

Anonymous Methods......................................................................................................292

Captured Variables and Closures ..........................................................................................................295

■ CONTENTS

Beware the Captured Variable Surprise................................................................................................297

Anonymous Methods as Delegate Parameter Binders..........................................................................300

The Strategy Pattern ......................................................................................................304

Summary........................................................................................................................305

■Chapter 11: Generics ........................................................................................... 307

Difference Between Generics and C++ Templates........................................................308

Efficiency and Type Safety of Generics..........................................................................309

Generic Type Definitions and Constructed Types ..........................................................311

Generic Classes and Structs .................................................................................................................311

Generic Interfaces.................................................................................................................................314

Generic Methods ...................................................................................................................................315

Generic Delegates.................................................................................................................................317

Generic Type Conversion ......................................................................................................................320

Default Value Expression ......................................................................................................................321

Nullable Types.......................................................................................................................................323

Constructed Types Control Accessibility...............................................................................................325

Generics and Inheritance ......................................................................................................................325

Constraints.....................................................................................................................327

Constraints on Nonclass Types.............................................................................................................332

Co- and Contravariance .................................................................................................332

Covariance ............................................................................................................................................334

Contravariance......................................................................................................................................337

Invariance .............................................................................................................................................339

Variance and Delegates ........................................................................................................................340

Generic System Collections ...........................................................................................344

Generic System Interfaces.............................................................................................345

Select Problems and Solutions ......................................................................................347

Conversion and Operators within Generic Types ..................................................................................347

Creating Constructed Types Dynamically .............................................................................................357

■ CONTENTS

xvi

Summary........................................................................................................................358

■Chapter 12: Threading in C# ................................................................................ 361

Threading in C# and .NET...............................................................................................361

Starting Threads ...................................................................................................................................362

Passing Data to New Threads..........................................................................................................363

Using ParameterizedThreadStart.....................................................................................................365

The IOU Pattern and Asynchronous Method Calls.................................................................................366

States of a Thread.................................................................................................................................366

Terminating Threads.............................................................................................................................369

Halting Threads and Waking Sleeping Threads ....................................................................................371

Waiting for a Thread to Exit...................................................................................................................372

Foreground and Background Threads...................................................................................................372

Thread-Local Storage............................................................................................................................373

How Unmanaged Threads and COM Apartments Fit In .........................................................................377

Synchronizing Work Between Threads ..........................................................................378

Lightweight Synchronization with the Interlocked Class ......................................................................379

SpinLock Class......................................................................................................................................385

Monitor Class ........................................................................................................................................387

Beware of Boxing.............................................................................................................................391

Pulse and Wait .................................................................................................................................392

Locking Objects.....................................................................................................................................396

ReaderWriterLock ............................................................................................................................397

ReaderWriterLockSlim .....................................................................................................................400

Mutex ...............................................................................................................................................401

Semaphore............................................................................................................................................402

Events ...................................................................................................................................................404

Win32 Synchronization Objects and WaitHandle ..................................................................................405

Using ThreadPool ...........................................................................................................407

Asynchronous Method Calls..................................................................................................................408

Timers ...................................................................................................................................................416

■ CONTENTS

xvii

Concurrent Programming...............................................................................................417

Task Class.............................................................................................................................................418

Parallel Class ........................................................................................................................................420

Easy Entry to the Thread Pool ...............................................................................................................425

Thread-Safe Collection Classes .....................................................................................426

Summary........................................................................................................................426

■Chapter 13: In Search of C# Canonical Forms ..................................................... 429

Reference Type Canonical Forms ..................................................................................429

Default to sealed Classes......................................................................................................................430

Use the Non-Virtual Interface (NVI) Pattern...........................................................................................431

Is the Object Cloneable? .......................................................................................................................434

Is the Object Disposable?......................................................................................................................440

Does the Object Need a Finalizer? ........................................................................................................443

What Does Equality Mean for This Object? ...........................................................................................450

Reference Types and Identity Equality.............................................................................................451

Value Equality ..................................................................................................................................454

Overriding Object.Equals for Reference Types ................................................................................454

If You Override Equals, Override GetHashCode Too ..............................................................................457

Does the Object Support Ordering? ......................................................................................................461

Is the Object Formattable?....................................................................................................................463

Is the Object Convertible? .....................................................................................................................467

Prefer Type Safety at All Times.............................................................................................................469

Using Immutable Reference Types .......................................................................................................473

Value Type Canonical Forms..........................................................................................476

Override Equals for Better Performance ...............................................................................................477

Do Values of This Type Support Any Interfaces? ..................................................................................481

Implement Type-Safe Forms of Interface Members and Derived Methods ..........................................482

Summary........................................................................................................................484

Checklist for Reference Types ..............................................................................................................485

Checklist for Value Types......................................................................................................................486

■ CONTENTS

xviii

■Chaper 14: Extension Methods ............................................................................489

Introduction to Extension Methods ................................................................................489

How Does the Compiler Find Extension Methods? ...............................................................................490

Under the Covers...................................................................................................................................493

Code Readability versus Code Understandability..................................................................................494

Recommendations for Use.............................................................................................495

Consider Extension Methods Over Inheritance .....................................................................................495

Isolate Extension Methods in Separate Namespace .............................................................................496

Changing a Type’s Contract Can Break Extension Methods .................................................................497

Transforms.....................................................................................................................497

Operation Chaining.........................................................................................................502

Custom Iterators ............................................................................................................503

Borrowing from Functional Programming.............................................................................................505

The Visitor Pattern..........................................................................................................511

Summary........................................................................................................................515

■Chaper 15: Lambda Expressions ......................................................................... 517

Introduction to Lambda Expressions..............................................................................517

Lambda Expressions and Closures .......................................................................................................518

Closures in C# 1.0 ............................................................................................................................521

Closures in C# 2.0 ............................................................................................................................523

Lambda Statements..............................................................................................................................524

Expression Trees............................................................................................................524

Operating on Expressions .....................................................................................................................527

Functions as Data .................................................................................................................................528

Useful Applications of Lambda Expressions ..................................................................529

Iterators and Generators Revisited .......................................................................................................529

More on Closures (Variable Capture) and Memoization ........................................................................533

Currying ................................................................................................................................................538

Anonymous Recursion ..........................................................................................................................540

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