LabTalk脚本语言指南：探索数据分析与图表制作的利器

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"LabTalk Scripting Guide E.pdf" LabTalk是Origin软件中的脚本语言，专为希望编写和执行脚本来进行数据分析和绘图的用户设计。这份指南旨在帮助熟悉脚本语言编程的用户利用Origin的脚本功能。它为具有Origin基本知识的用户提供足够的细节，使他们能够开始根据自己的独特需求定制软件。在LabTalk中，你可以从简单的"Hello World"脚本开始学习。例如，通过在命令窗口输入`"Hello World"`，你就能得到快速的输出。LabTalk提供了多种执行脚本的方式，包括直接在命令窗口中输入、通过脚本编辑器或者与其他Origin对象（如工作表或图形）关联的事件脚本。此外，文档中提到了几个学习LabTalk的资源。在线文档是了解LabTalk的基本参考，包含了详细的语法和功能说明。教程和脚本示例可以帮助新手逐步掌握LabTalk的用法。X-Function脚本示例则专注于特定的数据处理和分析功能。LabTalk论坛是一个交流平台，用户可以在这里讨论问题和分享经验。OriginLab还提供培训和咨询服务，以进一步提升用户的技能。 LabTalk的语言基础包括通用语言特性，如变量、运算符、控制流结构（如条件语句和循环）。特殊语言特性涉及Origin特有的概念，如X-Functions（用于数据处理和分析的内置函数）、图形对象的脚本控制以及与工作表、工作簿和项目等数据容器的交互。这些特性使得LabTalk能够深入到Origin的功能核心，实现自动化和自定义的工作流程。 LabTalk支持的数据类型广泛，包括数值、字符串、数组、对象等，使得处理和分析复杂数据集变得可能。脚本中可以使用函数和方法对数据进行操作，同时，LabTalk允许用户创建自定义函数，扩展其功能。在LabTalk中，你可以通过脚本来控制Origin的界面元素，比如创建、修改或操作窗口、菜单、工具栏和控件。这使得用户能够构建个性化的用户界面，提高工作效率。同时，LabTalk还可以与外部程序和数据库进行通信，实现数据交换和集成。 LabTalk是Origin的强大工具，它提供了丰富的脚本能力，让熟悉编程的用户能够充分利用Origin的各项功能，实现数据处理和分析的高度自动化。通过学习和实践，用户能够将LabTalk应用于实际工作，提高科研或工程项目的效率。

LabTalk Scripting Guide

// Output the number of values in 'aa' to the Script Window:

type "aa has $(nSize) values";

Project Level Loose Dataset

When you create a dataset by vector assignment (without declaration) or by using the Create

(Command) it becomes a project level loose dataset, which can be used for computation or plotting.

Create a project-level loose dataset by assignment,

bb = {10:2:100}

Or by using the Create command:

create %(strWks$) -wdn 10 aa bb;

For more on project-level and local-level variables see the section below on Scope of Variables.

For more on working with Datasets, see Datasets.

For more on working with %( ), see Substitution Notation.

String

LabTalk supports string handling in two ways: string variables and string registers.

String Variables

String variables may be created by declaration and assignment or by assignment alone (depending

on the desired variable scope), and are denoted in LabTalk by a name comprised of continuous

characters (see Naming Rules below) followed by a $-sign (i.e., stringName$):

// Create a string with local/session scope by declaration and assignment

// Creates a string named "greeting",

// and assigns to it the value "Hello":

string greeting$ = "Hello";

// $ termination is optional in declaration, mandatory for assignment

string FirstName, LastName;

FirstName$ = Isaac;

LastName$ = Newton;

// Create a project string by assignment without declaration:

greeting2$ = "World";//project scope and saved with OPJ

// string variable can make use of string class methods

string str$ = Johann Sebastian Bach;

str.Find('Sebastian')=;

// Define literal strings

// The syntax <[< indicates the start of literal strings

// The syntax >]> indicates the end of literal strings

// Can be used to include special symbols like double quotation marks in a

string

string s1$ = <[<a"b'";"c">]>;

s1$=;

//Should return a"b'";"c"

//Use literal strings in X-Function arguments

// Fill in three rows in the current selected worksheet column

patternT text:=<[<"Sample A" "Sample B" "Sample C">]>;

For more information on working with string variables, see the String Processing section.

Language Fundamentals

String Registers

Strings may be stored in String registers, denoted by a leading %-sign followed by a letter of the

alphabet (i.e., %A-%Z). String Registers are always global in scope.

/* Assign to the string register %A the string "Hello World": */

%A = "Hello World";

For current versions of Origin, we encourage the use of string variables for working

with strings, as they are supported by several useful built-in methods; for more, see

String(Object). If, however, you are already using string registers, see String Registers

for complete documentation on their use.

StringArray

The StringArray data type handles arrays of strings in the same way that the Datasets data type

handles arrays of numbers. Like the String data type, StringArray is supported by several built-in

methods; for more, see StringArray (Object).

The following example demonstrates the use of StringArray:

// Declare string array named "aa",

// and use built-in methods Add, and GetSize:

StringArray aa; // aa is an empty string array

aa.Add("Boston"); // aa now has one element: "Boston"

aa.Add("New York"); // aa has a second element: "New York"

/* Prints "aa has 2 strings in it:" then each string. */

type "aa has $(aa.GetSize()) strings in it:";

loop(ii,1,aa.GetSize())

{

ty aa.GetAt(ii)$;

}

Range

The range data type allows functional access to many data-related Origin objects, referring to a

specific region in a workbook, worksheet, graph, layer, or window.

The general syntax is:

range rangeName = [WindowName]LayerNameOrIndex!DataRange[subRange]

which can be made specific to data in a workbook, matrix, or graph:

range rangeName =

[BookName]SheetNameOrIndex!ColumnNameOrIndex[RowBegin:RowEnd]

range rangeName =

[MatrixBookName]MatrixSheetNameOrIndex!MatrixObjectNameOrIndex[CellBegin:CellEnd]

range rangeName =[GraphName]LayerNameOrIndex!DataPlotIndex[RowBegin:RowEnd]

The special syntax [??] is used to create a range variable to access a loose dataset.

For example:

// Access Column 3 on Book1, Sheet2:

range cc = [Book1]Sheet2!Col(3);

// Access second curve on Graph1, layer1:

range ll = [Graph1]Layer1!2;

// Access second matrix object on MBook1, MSheet1:

range mm = [MBook1]MSheet1!2;

// Access loose dataset tmpdata_a:

LabTalk Scripting Guide

range xx = [??]!tmpdata_a;

Notes:

 CellRange can be a single cell, (part of) a row or column, a group of cells, or a non-contiguous

selection of cells.

 Worksheets, Matrix Sheets, and Graph Layers can each be referenced by name or index.

 You can define a range variable to represent an origin object, or use range directly as an X-

Function argument.

 Many more details on the range data type and uses of range variables can be found in the

Range Notation.

Tree

LabTalk supports the standard tree data type, which emulates a tree structure with a set of branches

and leaves. The branches contain leaves, and the leaves contain data. Both branches and leaves are

called nodes.

Leaf: A node that has no children, so it can contain a value

Branch: A node that has child nodes and does not contain a value

A leaf node may contain a variable that is of numeric, string, or dataset (vector) type.

Trees are commonly used in Origin to set and store parameters. For example, when a dataset is

imported into the Origin workspace, a tree called options holds the parameters which determine how

the import is performed.

Specifically, the following commands import ASCII data from a file called "SampleData.dat", and set

values in the options tree to control the way the import is handled. Setting the ImpMode leaf to a

value of 4 tells Origin to import the data to a new worksheet. Setting the NumCols leaf (on the Cols

branch) to a value of 3 tells Origin to only import the first three columns of the SampleData.dat file.

string str$ = system.path.program$ + "Samples\Graphing\Group.dat";

impasc fname:=str$

/* Start with new sheet */

options.ImpMode:=4

/* Only import the first three columns */

options.Cols.NumCols:=3;

Declare a tree variable named aa:

// Declare an empty tree

tree aa;

// Tree nodes are added automatically during assignment:

aa.bb.cc=1;

aa.bb.dd$="some string";

// Declare a new tree 'trb' and assign to it data from tree 'aa':

tree trb = aa;

Check the existence of a tree, and the existence of the leaf and branch on the tree

Tree tr;

exsit(tr)=; //will return 24 if this tree exists; Otherwise, return 0.

tr.a.b=1;

tr.a@=; /// get 2, for branch

tr.a.b@=; /// get 1, for leaf

tr.a.b1@=;/// get 0, not valid

Language Fundamentals

The tree data type is often used in X-Functions as both an input and output data structure. For

example:

// Put import file info into 'trInfo'.

impinfo t:=trInfo;

Tree nodes can be strings. The following example shows how to copy a treenode with string data to

worksheet columns:

//Import the data file into worksheet

newbook;

string fn$=system.path.program$ + "\samples\statistics\automobile.dat";

impasc fname:=fn$;

tree tr;

//Perform statistics on a column and save results to a tree variable

discfreqs irng:=2 rd:=tr;

// Assign strings to worksheet column.

newsheet name:=Result;

col(1) = tr.freqcount1.data1;

col(2) = tr.freqcount1.count1;

Tree nodes can also be vectors. Prior to Origin 8.1 SR1 the only way to access a vector in a Tree

variable was to make a direct assignment, as shown in the example code below:

tree tr;

// If you assign a dataset to a tree node,

// it will be a vector node automatically:

tr.a=data(1,10);

// A vector treenode can be assigned to a column:

col(1)=tr.a;

// A vector treenode can be assigned to a loose dataset, which is

// convenient since a tree node cannot be used for direct calculations

dataset temp=tr.a;

// Perform calculation on the loose dataset:

col(2)=temp*2;

You can access elements of a vector tree node directly, with statements such as:

// Following the example immediately above,

col(3)[1] = tr.a[3];

that assigns the third element of vector tr.a to the first row of column 3 in the current worksheet.

You can also output analysis results to a tree variable, like the example below.

newbook;

//Import the data file into worksheet

string fn$=system.path.program$ + "\samples\Signal

Processing\fftfilter1.dat";

impasc fname:=fn$;

tree mytr;

//Perform FFT and save results to a tree variable

fft1 ix:=col(2) rd:=mytr;

page.active=1;

col(3) = mytr.fft.real;

col(4) = mytr.fft.imag;

More information on trees can be found in the chapter on Origin Projects,Accessing Metadata

section.

Graphic Objects

The new LabTalk variable type GObject allows the control of graphic objects in any book/layer.

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