Flash 11 Stage3D入门指南：打造震撼3D游戏

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"Adobe Flash 11 Stage3D (Molehill) 游戏编程初学者指南" 这篇资源介绍的是Adobe Flash 11引入的一个重要特性——Stage3D，也被称为Molehill。Stage3D是Flash平台上的一个低级3D图形API，它极大地提升了Flash在网页上进行高性能3D图形渲染的能力，为游戏开发开辟了新的可能性。这本书《Adobe Flash 11 Stage3D (Molehill) 游戏编程初学者指南》由Christer Kaitila编写，旨在帮助初学者通过ActionScript 3(AS3)和高级着色语言(AGAL)创建引人入胜的3D游戏。 Stage3D的主要知识点包括： 1. **基础概念**：理解Stage3D是Flash Player和Adobe AIR中的一个低级3D渲染层，它位于硬件加速的图形处理器(GPU)和ActionScript之间，为开发者提供了接近原生性能的3D图形处理能力。 2. **AS3与AGAL**：使用ActionScript 3作为主要编程语言，通过Stage3D API与GPU交互。AGAL是ActionScript GPU Assembly，一种专门用于向GPU发送指令的低级语言，用于实现高效的顶点和片段着色。 3. **架构**：了解Stage3D的架构，包括Context3D对象，它是与GPU交互的接口，以及相关的命令缓冲区，用于存储渲染指令。 4. **性能优化**：学习如何利用Stage3D的硬件加速特性来提升游戏性能，如批处理渲染、纹理管理和内存优化。 5. **3D几何与变换**：掌握创建和操作3D几何体，应用平移、旋转和缩放等3D变换。 6. **光照与着色**：学习基本的3D光照模型和着色技术，如环境光、点光源和方向光，以及如何使用AGAL编写自定义着色器。 7. **纹理映射**：了解如何加载和应用2D纹理到3D模型上，以及纹理坐标的概念。 8. **动画与帧率控制**：学习如何实现流畅的3D动画，并管理帧率以确保游戏性能。 9. **碰撞检测**：理解3D空间中的物体碰撞检测方法，如轴对齐边界框(AABB)和包围球检测。 10. **游戏设计**：书中可能还涵盖了游戏设计的基本原理，如游戏循环、状态管理、输入处理和游戏对象的组织。通过这本书，读者可以逐步学习并实践创建3D游戏，从设置舞台、创建基本3D形状，到实现复杂的3D场景和交互式游戏元素。作者 Christer Kaitila 提供了一步一步的指导，使初学者能够快速入门并掌握Stage3D开发技能。

Table of Contents

[ v ]

Opaque is faster 140

Avoiding overdraw 140

Avoiding state changes 140

Use simple shaders 141

Draw fewer meshes 141

Adding texture eects to our demo 141

Time for acon – embedding the new art 142

Time for acon – adding the variables we need 144

Time for acon – upgrading the GUI 145

Time for acon – listening for key presses 146

Time for acon – upgrading our render loop 149

Time for acon – upgrading the renderTerrain funcon 150

Time for acon – upgrading our Stage3D inits 150

Time for acon – simplifying the initShaders funcon 152

Time for acon – parsing the new meshes 154

Time for acon – rendering dierent meshes as appropriate 154

Time for acon – switching textures 156

Time for acon – switching blend modes 157

Your demo has been upgraded! 158

Summary 161

Level 6 achieved! 161

Chapter 7: Timers, Inputs, and Enes: Gameplay Goodness! 163

Our current quest 164

Keeping it simple 164

Making it reusable 165

Making our game more interacve 166

Adding a HUD overlay graphic 166

Time for acon – adding a GUI overlay 167

Keeping track of me: a game mer class 168

Time for acon – creang the game mer class 169

Time for acon – adding the GameTimer class constructor 170

Time for acon – implemenng the ck funcon 170

A game input class 172

Time for acon – creang the GameInput class 173

Time for acon – coding the GameInput class constructor 174

Time for acon – detecng mouse movement 174

Time for acon – detecng the keyboard input 176

Time for acon – detecng key release events 177

Time for acon – detecng the input focus 178

An abstract enty class 179

This material is copyright and is licensed for the sole use by REKHA NADENDLA on 2nd December 2011

375 N STEPHANIE ST SUITE 1411, HENDERSON, 89014

Table of Contents

[ vi ]

Time for acon – creang the Stage3dEnty class 180

Time for acon – creang the Stage3dEnty class constructor 182

Hiding complex code by using get and set funcons 183

Time for acon – geng and seng the transform 183

Time for acon – geng and seng the enty posion 184

Time for acon – geng and seng the enty rotaon 186

Time for acon – geng and seng the enty's scale 187

Time for acon – updang the transform or values on demand 189

Time for acon – creang the movement ulity funcons 190

Time for acon – implemenng vector ulity funcons 192

Time for acon – adding some handy enty ulity funcons 194

Time for acon – cloning an enty 197

Time for acon – rendering an enty 198

Design art for our new improved game world 200

Upgrading our game 201

Time for acon – imporng our new classes 202

Time for acon – adding new variables to our game 203

Time for acon – embedding the new art 205

Time for acon – upgrading the game inits 207

Time for acon – upgrading the GUI 208

Time for acon – simplifying the shaders 209

Time for acon – using the new textures 210

Time for acon – spawning some game enes 212

Time for acon – upgrading the render funcon 215

Time for acon – creang a simulaon step funcon 216

Time for acon – creang a heartbeat funcon 217

Time for acon – upgrading the enterFrame funcon 218

Let's see all this in acon! 219

Summary 221

Level 7 achieved! 221

Chapter 8: Eye-Candy Aplenty! 223

Our current quest 223

Designing for performance 224

Designing for reusability 225

Animang using AGAL 225

A basic parcle enty class 226

Time for acon – extending the enty class for parcles 227

Time for acon – adding parcle properes 228

Time for acon – coding the parcle class constructor 228

Time for acon – cloning parcles 230

This material is copyright and is licensed for the sole use by REKHA NADENDLA on 2nd December 2011

375 N STEPHANIE ST SUITE 1411, HENDERSON, 89014

Table of Contents

[ vii ]

Time for acon – generang numbers used for animaon 230

Time for acon – simulang the parcles 231

Time for acon – respawning parcles 232

Time for acon – rendering parcles 233

Keyframed vertex animaon shader 236

Time for acon – creang a keyframed parcle vertex program 236

Time for acon – creang a stac parcle vertex program 238

Time for acon – creang a parcle fragment program 238

Time for acon – compiling the parcle shader 239

A parcle system manager class 240

Time for acon – coding a parcle system manager class 241

Time for acon – dening a type of parcle 242

Time for acon – simulang all parcles at once 242

Time for acon – rendering all parcles at once 243

Time for acon – spawning parcles on demand 244

Time for acon – creang new parcles if needed 244

Keyframed parcle meshes 246

Selecng a parcle texture 246

Time for acon – sculpng a single parcle 246

Time for acon – sculpng a group of parcles 247

Time for acon – sculpng the second keyframe 248

Incorporang the parcle system class in our game 249

Time for acon – adding parcles to your game 249

Time for acon – preparing a type of parcle for use 250

Time for acon – upgrading the renderScene funcon 251

Time for acon – adding parcles to the gameStep funcon 252

Time for acon – keeping track of parcle stascs 253

Let's see the new parcle system in acon! 254

Summary 257

Level 8 achieved! 257

Chapter 9: A World Filled with Acon 259

Extending the enty class for "actors" 260

Time for acon – creang a game actor class 260

Time for acon – extending the actor's properes 261

Time for acon – coding the GameActor class constructor 262

Time for acon – creang a step animaon funcon 263

Time for acon – animang actors 264

Implemenng arcial intelligence (AI) 265

Time for acon – using mers 265

Time for acon – shoong at enemies 266

This material is copyright and is licensed for the sole use by REKHA NADENDLA on 2nd December 2011

375 N STEPHANIE ST SUITE 1411, HENDERSON, 89014

Table of Contents

[ viii ]

Time for acon – cloning an actor 268

Time for acon – handling an actor's death 270

Time for acon – respawning an actor 270

Collision detecon 271

Time for acon – detecng collisions 271

Time for acon – detecng sphere-to-sphere collisions 272

Time for acon – detecng bounding-box collisions 272

An "actor reuse pool" system 274

Time for acon – creang an actor pool 274

Time for acon – dening a clone parent 275

Time for acon – animang the enre actor pool 276

Time for acon – rendering an actor pool 277

Time for acon – spawning an actor 278

Time for acon – checking for collisions between actors 279

Restricng display to nearby actors for beer framerate 280

Time for acon – hiding actors that are far away 280

Time for acon – destroying every actor in the pool 282

Easy world creaon using a map image 283

Time for acon – implemenng a level parser class 284

Time for acon – spawning actors based on a map image 284

Time for acon – parsing the map image pixels 286

Upgrading the input rounes 288

Time for acon – adding more properes to the input class 289

Time for acon – handling click events 290

Time for acon – upgrading the key events 291

Summary 297

Level 9 achieved! 297

Chapter 10: 3... 2... 1... ACTION! 299

Our nal quest 300

Geng to the nish line 301

Time for acon – drawing a tle screen 302

Time for acon – imporng required classes 303

Adding new variables to our game 304

Time for acon – tracking the game state 304

Time for acon – adding variables for mer-based events 305

Time for acon – adding movement related variables 305

Time for acon – keeping track of all enes 306

Time for acon – upgrading the HUD 307

Time for acon – dening variables used by Stage3D 308

Adding art to our game 308

This material is copyright and is licensed for the sole use by REKHA NADENDLA on 2nd December 2011

375 N STEPHANIE ST SUITE 1411, HENDERSON, 89014

Table of Contents

[ ix ]

Time for acon – embedding our new art assets (AS3 version) 308

Time for acon – embedding our new art assets (CS5 version) 311

Time for acon – embedding all the meshes 312

Time for acon – keeping track of art assets 316

Upgrading the nal game source code 317

Time for acon – upgrading the inits 317

Time for acon – inializing Stage3D 319

Time for acon – upgrading the initGUI funcon 321

Time for acon – upgrading the texture inits 324

Time for acon – upgrading the shaders 326

Time for acon – dening new actor types and behaviors 329

Time for acon – inializing the terrain meshes 331

Time for acon – inializing the enemies 333

Time for acon – inializing the bullets 337

Time for acon – inializing the asteroids 338

Time for acon – inializing the space staons 339

Time for acon – inializing the parcle models 340

Time for acon – creang the game level 341

Time for acon – upgrading the render loop 343

Dening gameplay-specic events 345

Time for acon – tracking game events 345

Time for acon – handling game over 348

Time for acon – updang the score display 350

Time for acon – updang the FPS display 351

Time for acon – handling collision events 352

Time for acon – handling the player input 354

Time for acon – upgrading the gameStep funcon 358

Time for acon – upgrading the heartbeat funcon 361

Time for acon – upgrading the enterFrame funcon 362

Publish... distribute... prot! 363

Summary 365

Level 10 achieved. Universe saved! 365

Where to go from here? 365

A note from the author 366

Appendix A: AGAL Operand Reference 367

What does one line of AGAL look like? 367

Registers available for AGAL programs 368

COPYING DATA 369

ALGEBRAIC OPERANDS 369

MATH OPERANDS 369

This material is copyright and is licensed for the sole use by REKHA NADENDLA on 2nd December 2011

375 N STEPHANIE ST SUITE 1411, HENDERSON, 89014

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