UVM1.0EA用户手册：全面解析验证方法论

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"uvm_user_guide 1.0 - UVM用户手册，详述UVM架构与使用" Universal Verification Methodology（UVM）1.0EA User's Guide是针对UVM验证框架的一份全面指南，发布于2010年5月。这份文档由Accellera、Cadence Design Systems, Inc. 和 Mentor Graphics Corp. 共同编写，并遵循Apache Software Foundation的Apache License 2.0进行授权。UVM是系统级验证领域的一个标准，旨在提供一种可重用、可扩展的验证环境，用于验证硬件设计。 UVM的核心理念是通过组件化的方法来构建验证环境，这些组件可以复用，同时支持定制和扩展。它基于SystemVerilog语言，提供了丰富的类库，包括代理（agent）、监视器（monitor）、断言（assertion）、激励发生器（sequencer）、代理驱动（driver）和分数板（scoreboard），这些元素共同构成了一个强大的验证框架。在UVM中，验证环境的构建通常分为以下几个关键部分： 1. **代理（Agent）**：代理是验证环境中处理与设计接口交互的组件，它包含驱动和监视器。驱动负责将激励发送到设计，而监视器则观察设计的行为并报告结果。 2. **监视器（Monitor）**：监视器收集设计的内部或外部行为，可以是事件、信号或者数据流。它们通常连接到设计的特定端口或总线，记录和报告这些行为。 3. **激励发生器（Sequencer）**：激励发生器是控制验证序列的组件，它可以调度和管理验证序列类，生成和发送测试序列到驱动。 4. **断言（Assertion）**：UVM支持使用SystemVerilog断言来验证设计的正确性，这些断言可以在设计的任何地方插入，以确保设计满足预定的规范。 5. **分数板（Scoreboard）**：分数板用于比较设计的预期输出和实际输出，以确定验证是否成功。它可以包含复杂的检查逻辑，以进行深度分析和错误报告。 6. **配置和连接（Configuration and Connectivity）**：UVM通过配置管理器允许动态配置和连接组件，这使得用户可以根据不同的验证需求灵活地构建环境。 7. **覆盖（Coverage）**：UVM提供了覆盖机制，用于度量设计的不同方面被验证的程度，帮助用户评估验证的完整性。 UVM用户手册会详细介绍如何使用这些组件和机制，包括它们的类结构、构造和操作方法，以及如何根据具体需求定制和扩展UVM组件。此外，手册可能还会涵盖最佳实践、调试技巧和案例研究，以帮助用户有效地利用UVM进行验证工作。通过阅读和理解这份用户手册，开发者能够掌握如何创建高效、可复用的验证环境，从而提高硬件验证的效率和质量。对于任何从事系统级验证的工程师来说，深入理解和应用UVM都是必不可少的技能。

8 UVM 1.0 EA User’s Guide May 2010

— Controlling object allocation in the entire environment or for specific objects.

— Modifying stimulus data items as well as infrastructure components (for example, a driver).

Using the UVM built-in factory reduces the effort of creating an advanced factory or implementing factory

methods in class definitions. It facilitates reuse and adjustment of predefined verification IP in the end-

user’s environment. One of the biggest advantages of the factory is that it is transparent to the test writer and

reduces the object-oriented expertise required from both developers and users.

1.4.2 Transaction-Level Modeling (TLM)

UVM components communicate via standard TLM interfaces, which improves reuse. Using a

SystemVerilog implementation of TLM in UVM, a component may communicate via its interface to any

other component that implements that interface. Each TLM interface consists of one or more methods used

to transport data. TLM specifies the required behavior (semantic) of each method, but does not define their

implementation. Classes inheriting a TLM interface must provide an implementation that meets the

specified semantic. Thus, one component may be connected at the transaction level to others that are

implemented at multiple levels of abstraction. The common semantics of TLM communication permit

components to be swapped in and out without affecting the rest of the environment.

May 2010 UVM 1.0 EA User’s Guide 9

2. Normative References

The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this specification (i.e., they

must be understood and used, so each referenced document is cited in text and its relationship to this

document is explained). For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the

latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments or corrigenda) applies.

IEEE Std 1800

™

, IEEE Standard for SystemVerilog Unified Hardware Design, Specification and Verifica-

tion Language.

3. Definitions, Acronyms, and Abbreviations

For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. The IEEE Standards

Dictionary: Glossary of Terms & Definitions

should be referenced for terms not defined in this chapter.

3.1 Definitions

agent: An abstract container used to emulate and verify DUT devices; agents encapsulate a driver,

sequencer, and monitor.

blocking: An interface where tasks block execution until they complete. See also: non blocking.

component: A piece of VIP that provides functionality and interfaces. Also referred to as a transactor.

consumer: A verification component that receives transactions from another component.

driver: A component responsible for executing or otherwise processing transactions, usually interacting

with the device under test (DUT) to do so.

environment: The container object that defines the testbench topology.

export: A transaction level modeling (TLM) interface that provides the implementation of methods used for

communication. Used in UVM to connect to a port.

factory method: A classic software design pattern used to create generic code by deferring, until run time,

the exact specification of the object to be created.

foreign methodology: A verification methodology that is different from the methodology being used for the

majority of the verification environment.

generator: A verification component that provides transactions to another component. Also referred to as a

producer.

monitor: A passive entity that samples DUT signals, but does not drive them.

non blocking: A call that returns immediately. See also: blocking.

IEEE publications are available from the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc., 445 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854,

USA (http://standards.ieee.org/).

The IEEE standards or products referred to in this clause are trademarks of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.

The IEEE Standards Dictionary: Glossary of Terms & Definitions is available at http://shop.ieee.org/.

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UVM1.0EA用户手册：全面解析验证方法论

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