模块化三相Buck-Boost变换器：低组件设计与应用研究

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本研究论文《Novel Buck-Boost Phase-Modular Three-Phase AC/DC Converter System》由Aidar Zhetessov撰写，作为2019年春季学期的硕士论文，探讨了在电力转换器设计领域中的创新思路。论文重点关注的是未来电力系统中关键的可扩展性和模块化特性，这使得电力转换器能够适应各种不同的电气应用需求。作者提出了一种新颖的双向相位模块化三相交流到直流（AC/DC）转换器，采用的是著名的反相式（buck-boost）DC-DC变换器结构。这种设计的核心在于，通过将三个独立的反相式系统并联，能够在保持最少的有源元件的前提下，实现对直流电压的任意调节，同时也能根据需要调整交流电压的幅度。这种方法极大地提高了系统的灵活性，因为一个特定的交流电压范围可以对应多种直流电压，反之亦然。该研究不仅理论分析了这种新型转换器的潜力，还通过两个实际应用案例的研究来验证其效能。尽管文献中尚未详细描述类似的三相转换器，但论文的作者通过开发硬件原型，展示了这种技术在实际环境中的可行性。这种低组件数量的设计减少了系统的复杂性，降低了成本，并且有助于简化安装和维护过程。此外，论文的导师David Menzi和指导教授Prof. Dr. J.W. Kolar在论文中扮演了重要角色，他们的专业知识和指导对研究的成功至关重要。论文最后的版本更新日期为2023年11月25日，表明了作者在不断进行研究和改进。这项工作对于推动电力转换器的设计趋势具有重要意义，特别是在追求高效、灵活和模块化的电力系统设计方面。通过深入研究这种新型三相Buck-Boost AC/DC转换器，该论文为未来能源管理、分布式电源和电动汽车充电等领域的设备提供了有价值的解决方案。

is presented and analyzed in this thesis (Fig. 1.1). Essentially, this solution results from paralleling

three inverting buck-boost DC-DC converters. This novel topology is an interesting alternative to

the mentioned solutions, as it is proven to have all the required performance metrics above: it has

a low number of semiconductors and passives, provides voltage buck-boost capability, single-stage

high-frequency energy conversion and is phase-modular both in terms of topology and control.

Apart from these advantages, it has a mentioned Common Mode (CM) AC voltage degree of

freedom, which can be used to adapt the modulation and, consequently, improve converter losses

and semiconductor utilization. Together, these factors are in favor of a power dense design, thus

making the investigation of this topology interesting. Therefore, the objective of this thesis is to

explore the applicability of a three-phase inverting buck-boost converter topology in the mentioned

emerging applications. This is done through the design of a prototype for a selected application.

Particularly considered applications comprise (but are not limited to) a rectiﬁer for an Electro

Hydrostatic Actuator (EHA) in a More Electric Aircraft and an auxiliary motor’s inverter in a Fuel

Cell Vehicle (FCV).

L C

Phase a

Bridge a

Figure 1.1: Inverting Buck-Boost Converter Topology

1.2 Outline

This thesis has ﬁve chapters, the ﬁrst one being an introduction. The chapter 2 provides a general

information of interest regarding the topology, such as topology derivation, operating principle, re-

view of hard- and soft-switched operation and applicable modulation schemes. Chapter 3 explores

the applicability potential of the proposed topology in a rectiﬁer application within the context of

a More Electric Aircraft. This is done by designing appropriate modulation and associated control

for the topology in rectiﬁer mode. Chapter 4 does the same for inverter application within the

context of a Fuel Cell Vehicle. In addition, the prototype design process is thoroughly explained

and a virtual prototype is presented. The thesis is concluded in chapter 5. As a side project, a

calorimetric switching loss measurement setup for a GaN GIT transistor is addressed in Appendix

Chapter 2

Converter Fundamentals and

Modulation Scheme Options

This chapter is dedicated to the theoretical background of the three-phase inverting buck-boost

converter. The information of this chapter lays the background on the converter topology and

operation. All subsequent chapters of the thesis will build up on this background. The chapter

consists of four sections. In the ﬁrst section we discuss the derivation of the three-phase invert-

ing buck-boost converter topology. The second section reveals the basic operating principle of

the topology, starting from a DC-DC inverting buck-boost phase module and proceeding to the

three-phase DC-AC operation. The third section is a brief review of a standard half-bridge hard-

and soft-switching operation. This information is useful because, as it was already shown in Fig.

1.1, the half-bridge constitutes a basic building block of our converter. Moreover, understanding

hard- and soft-switched operation will be useful in subsequent evaluation and comparison of mod-

ulation schemes. The fourth section proposes several modulation scheme candidates and discusses

respective operating principles.

2.1 Derivation of the Three-Phase Inverting Buck-Boost Converter

Topology

Before studying the operation of the converter in more detail, it is worth justifying the use of a three-

phase inverting buck-boost converter topology ﬁrst. To do that, one starts with the aforementioned

conventional cascaded solution - DC-DC boost converter and Voltage-Source Inverter (VSI, Fig.

2.1a). The VSI can also be seen as three paralleled DC-DC buck converters that can generate output

voltages between [0..V

], where V

is the intermediate DC link voltage. Provided unipolarity of

the output voltages ([0..V

] ≥ 0) three DC-DC buck converters can drive a three-phase AC load

only with a positive Common Mode (CM) voltage oﬀset between the load star point and the DC-

rail. Moreover, the maximum AC output phase voltage amplitude is limited to

AC,max

= V

due to buck converter upper limit of V

. In these conditions to provide the overall buck-boost

capability one has to boost up the DC input voltage V

by employing the preceding DC-DC boost

stage (Fig. 2.1a).

On the other hand, instead of paralleling three DC-DC buck stages one could parallel three DC-DC

inverting buck-boost stages to result in a three-phase inverting buck-boost converter instead of

a VSI (Fig. 2.1b). This proposal is advantageous because the three-phase inverting buck-boost

converter provides the voltage buck-boost capability without the preceding DC-DC boost stage,

while keeping the number of active/passive components the same as in the VSI stage. It is worth

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