Node.js加密工具:keyring-node实现敏感数据加密与密钥轮换

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资源摘要信息: "keyring-node是一个专门用于Node.js环境的密钥轮换和静态加密工具包。它提供了一种简便的方式来加密那些需要以明文形式访问的敏感数据,比如用户OAuth令牌等。该工具包能够轻松集成到各种对象关系映射(Object-Relational Mapping, ORM)系统中,以提供数据加密支持。" 密钥轮换是一种安全实践,指的是定期更换加密密钥的机制。这样做有助于减少密钥泄露的风险,因为即使攻击者获得了某个时间点的密钥,由于密钥会周期性地更新,其能利用这一密钥的时间窗口就大大减少了。 在使用keyring-node时,它采用AES(高级加密标准)算法进行数据的加密。AES有多种变体,比如AES-128、AES-192和AES-256,其中128、192和256分别指的是密钥的位长度。keyring-node默认采用AES-128-CBC模式,这是CBC(Cipher Block Chaining)模式的一种,使用16字节(128位)的密钥。对于AES-128-CBC模式,除了16字节的加密密钥外,还需要一个同样大小的密钥用于生成消息验证码(Hash-based Message Authentication Code, HMAC)以确保数据的完整性和验证。 HMAC是一个安全哈希算法,它结合了加密哈希函数(如SHA-256)和一个密钥。在这里,密钥被用来在数据中添加一个额外的安全层,以防止数据在传输过程中被篡改。 对于生成加密密钥,keyring-node推荐使用base64编码的随机数据。Base64是一种编码方法,可以将二进制数据编码为只有ASCII字符的文本数据。这是一种常用的编码方式,用于在不支持二进制数据的环境下传输数据。生成密钥的命令使用了Unix/Linux中的dd命令,该命令经常用于创建二进制文件,例如在创建加密密钥时所需要的随机数据。 "keyring-node-main"可能是软件包中的主文件或入口文件。通常在Node.js项目中,以"main"结尾的文件名会作为模块的入口点。 使用keyring-node进行加密的步骤通常包括安装依赖、生成密钥、使用密钥加密数据。安装keyring-node包时,可以使用Yarn或者npm包管理器。例如,使用Yarn安装keyring-node的命令是`yarn add -E @fnando/keyring`,其中`-E`或`--exact`选项用于指定精确的版本号,避免因版本更新带来的不稳定性。安装完成后,就可以按照keyring-node提供的API文档,编写代码实现加密和密钥轮换功能。 需要注意的是,密钥环并不是用于存储加密密码的。密码需要使用不同的加密方法进行处理,因为它们通常不会以明文形式被访问。密钥环更适合于存储那些需要以明文形式访问的敏感信息,例如API令牌、个人身份识别码(PIN)等。 在实际开发中,开发者应当仔细阅读keyring-node的官方文档,以确保正确地集成和使用该工具包。同时,对于密钥的管理和存储也要采取谨慎的措施,以防止密钥泄露,这可能包括使用环境变量来管理密钥,以及确保只有授权的用户和程序可以访问到这些密钥。 总而言之,keyring-node作为一个加密工具包,它为Node.js应用提供了一个简洁而强大的加密解决方案,通过密钥轮换机制增强了数据的安全性,使得开发者可以在应用程序中安全地处理敏感信息。

W: http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/jammy/InRelease: The key(s) in the keyring /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/ubuntu-keyring-2012-cdimage.gpg are ignored as the file is not readable by user '_apt' executing apt-key. W: http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/jammy/InRelease: The key(s) in the keyring /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/ubuntu-keyring-2018-archive.gpg are ignored as the file is not readable by user '_apt' executing apt-key. W: GPG error: http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy InRelease: The following signatures couldn't be verified because the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY 871920D1991BC93C E: The repository 'http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy InRelease' is not signed. W: http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/jammy-security/InRelease: The key(s) in the keyring /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/ubuntu-keyring-2012-cdimage.gpg are ignored as the file is not readable by user '_apt' executing apt-key. W: http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/jammy-security/InRelease: The key(s) in the keyring /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/ubuntu-keyring-2018-archive.gpg are ignored as the file is not readable by user '_apt' executing apt-key. W: GPG error: http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-security InRelease: The following signatures couldn't be verified because the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY 871920D1991BC93C E: The repository 'http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-security InRelease' is not signed. W: http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/jammy-updates/InRelease: The key(s) in the keyring /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/ubuntu-keyring-2012-cdimage.gpg are ignored as the file is not readable by user '_apt' executing apt-key. W: http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/jammy-updates/InRelease: The key(s) in the keyring /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/ubuntu-keyring-2018-archive.gpg are ignored as the file is not readable by user '_apt' executing apt-key. W: GPG error: http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates InRelease: The following signatures couldn't be verified because the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY 871920D1991BC93C E: The repository 'http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates InRelease' is not signed. W: http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/jammy-backports/InRelease: The key(s) in the keyring /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/ubuntu-keyring-2012-cdimage.gpg are ignored as the file is not readable by user '_apt' executing apt-key. W: http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/jammy-backports/InRelease: The key(s) in the keyring /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/ubuntu-keyring-2018-archive.gpg are ignored as the file is not readable by user '_apt' executing apt-key. W: GPG error: http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-backports InRelease: The following signatures couldn't be verified because the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY 871920D1991BC93C E: The repository 'http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-backports InRelease' is not signed. E: Problem executing scripts APT::Update::Post-Invoke 'rm -f /var/cache/apt/archives/*.deb /var/cache/apt/archives/partial/*.deb /var/cache/apt/*.bin || true' E: Sub-process returned an error code

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