深入探索Shell脚本艺术：Advanced Bash-Scripting Guide

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"Advanced Bash-Scripting Guide 是一本深入探讨Shell脚本编程艺术的指南，由Mendel Cooper编写。这本书适用于没有编程或脚本经验的读者，逐步引导至中级到高级水平，同时融入了UNIX智慧和传统。它既是教科书，也是自我学习的手册和Shell脚本技术的参考来源。书中包含大量练习和注释丰富的示例，鼓励读者通过编写脚本来积极参与学习。此外，这本书也适合用作介绍编程概念的课堂教材。作者已将此书公之于众，不受版权限制，献给Anita，作者认为她是所有魔法的源泉。" 《高级Bash脚本编程指南》是一本详尽的教程，旨在帮助读者掌握Bash Shell脚本的高级技巧。书中的章节涵盖了从基础到进阶的各个层面，包括： 1. Shell编程基础：这一章介绍了Bash Shell的基本概念，如变量、命令替换、流程控制结构（如if语句和循环）、函数以及Shell的环境设置。 2. 命令行参数：讲解如何处理脚本运行时传入的参数，包括位置参数和命名参数。 3. 输入/输出重定向和管道：学习如何改变程序的默认输入和输出，以及如何通过管道连接多个命令。 4. 控制结构：深入讲解条件语句（如if-else）、循环（如for和while）以及case语句的使用。 5. 脚本调试和错误处理：介绍如何调试脚本，识别和修复错误，以及如何使用set命令来控制脚本的行为。 6. 函数和脚本设计：讨论如何编写可复用的函数，以及如何组织脚本以提高可读性和可维护性。 7. 正则表达式和模式匹配：解释如何在Bash脚本中使用正则表达式进行字符串匹配和操作。 8. 文件和目录操作：涵盖文件和目录的创建、删除、移动、权限管理等操作。 9. 进程控制：介绍如何在脚本中启动、控制和通信子进程。 10. 先进话题：可能包括信号处理、进程间通信（IPC）、高级文件系统操作以及与系统调用的交互。 11. 实用脚本示例：提供实际应用场景的脚本示例，帮助读者巩固所学知识。通过这本书，读者不仅可以学习到Bash Shell脚本的语法和技术，还能了解到UNIX操作系统的很多实用知识。此外，书中丰富的练习和注解示例有助于读者通过实践来深化理解。由于该书已经进入公共领域，任何人都可以自由使用和分享，这对于想要学习或提高Bash脚本技能的人来说是一个宝贵的资源。

bash$ cp /home/bozo/current_work/junk/* .

Copy all the "junk" files to $PWD.

"dot" character match. When matching characters, as part of a regular expression, a "dot" matches a

single character.

partial quoting [double quote]. "STRING" preserves (from interpretation) most of the special

characters within STRING. See Chapter 5.

full quoting [single quote]. 'STRING' preserves all special characters within STRING. This is a

stronger form of quoting than "STRING". See Chapter 5.

comma operator. The comma operator [16] links together a series of arithmetic operations. All are

evaluated, but only the last one is returned.

let "t2 = ((a = 9, 15 / 3))"

# Set "a = 9" and "t2 = 15 / 3"

The comma operator can also concatenate strings.

for file in /{,usr/}bin/*calc

# ^ Find all executable files ending in "calc"

#+ in /bin and /usr/bin directories.

if [ -x "$file" ]

then

echo $file

done

# /bin/ipcalc

# /usr/bin/kcalc

# /usr/bin/oidcalc

# /usr/bin/oocalc

# Thank you, Rory Winston, for pointing this out.

,, ,

Lowercase conversion in parameter substitution (added in version 4 of Bash).

escape [backslash]. A quoting mechanism for single characters.

\X escapes the character X. This has the effect of "quoting" X, equivalent to 'X'. The \ may be used to

quote " and ', so they are expressed literally.

See Chapter 5 for an in-depth explanation of escaped characters.

Filename path separator [forward slash]. Separates the components of a filename (as in

/home/bozo/projects/Makefile).

This is also the division arithmetic operator.

command substitution. The `command` construct makes available the output of command for

assignment to a variable. This is also known as backquotes or backticks.

Advanced Bash-Scripting Guide

Chapter 3. Special Characters 10

In combination with the >> redirection operator, has no effect on a pre-existing target file (: >>

target_file). If the file did not previously exist, creates it.

This applies to regular files, not pipes, symlinks, and certain special files.

May be used to begin a comment line, although this is not recommended. Using # for a comment

turns off error checking for the remainder of that line, so almost anything may appear in a comment.

However, this is not the case with :.

: This is a comment that generates an error, ( if [ $x -eq 3] ).

The ":" serves as a field separator, in /etc/passwd, and in the $PATH variable.

bash$ echo $PATH

/usr/local/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/X11R6/bin:/sbin:/usr/sbin:/usr/games

A colon is acceptable as a function name.

:()

{

echo "The name of this function is "$FUNCNAME" "

# Why use a colon as a function name?

# It's a way of obfuscating your code.

}

# The name of this function is :

This is not portable behavior, and therefore not a recommended practice. In fact, more recent releases

of Bash do not permit this usage. An underscore _ works, though.

A colon can serve as a placeholder in an otherwise empty function.

not_empty ()

{

} # Contains a : (null command), and so is not empty.

reverse (or negate) the sense of a test or exit status [bang]. The ! operator inverts the exit status of

the command to which it is applied (see Example 6-2). It also inverts the meaning of a test operator.

This can, for example, change the sense of equal ( = ) to not-equal ( != ). The ! operator is a Bash

keyword.

In a different context, the ! also appears in indirect variable references.

In yet another context, from the command line, the ! invokes the Bash history mechanism (see

Appendix L). Note that within a script, the history mechanism is disabled.

wild card [asterisk]. The * character serves as a "wild card" for filename expansion in globbing. By

itself, it matches every filename in a given directory.

bash$ echo *

abs-book.sgml add-drive.sh agram.sh alias.sh

Advanced Bash-Scripting Guide

Chapter 3. Special Characters 12

剩余915页未读，继续阅读

写一个很难解的BUG

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