Oracle Database 12c Release 1 在 Linux on System z 平台的实践经验

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Experiences with Oracle Database 12c Release 1 on Linux on System z 本书籍为读者提供了在 Linux 上使用 Oracle 12c Release 1 的实践经验，涵盖了从设置 Linux 环境到安装、升级 Oracle 数据库的过程。下面是书中的重要知识点： **Oracle 12c Release 1 的新特性** Oracle 12c Release 1 是 Oracle 数据库的最新版本，提供了许多新的特性和改进，包括多租户架构、自动化管理、增强的安全性等。这些新特性提高了数据库的性能、可用性和安全性。 **设置 Linux 环境** 在 Linux 上安装 Oracle 数据库之前，需要设置合适的 Linux 环境，包括安装 Linux 操作系统、配置网络和存储设备、安装必要的软件包等。本书籍提供了详细的步骤和配置信息，帮助读者快速设置 Linux 环境。 **安装 Oracle DB 12c R1** 本书籍提供了安装 Oracle DB 12c R1 的详细步骤，包括安装 Oracle 软件、创建数据库、配置监听器等。读者可以按照书中的步骤安装 Oracle 数据库，并了解安装过程中的重要配置项。 **升级到 Oracle DB 12c R1** 对于已经使用 Oracle 旧版本的用户，本书籍提供了从旧版本升级到 Oracle 12c R1 的步骤，包括升级数据库、升级listener、升级 Oracle 客户端等。读者可以按照书中的步骤升级到 Oracle 12c R1，享受到新的特性和改进。 **RAC 环境下的 Oracle DB 12c R1** Oracle RAC（Real Application Clusters）是 Oracle 数据库的一种高可用性解决方案，允许多个服务器节点组成集群，提供高可用性和负载均衡。本书籍提供了在 RAC 环境下安装和配置 Oracle DB 12c R1 的步骤和经验，帮助读者构建高可用性的 Oracle 集群。 **国际技术支持组织** 本书籍还提供了国际技术支持组织（International Technical Support Organization）的信息，包括技术支持的服务、资源和联系方式等。读者可以通过这些信息获取 Oracle 数据库的技术支持和帮助。本书籍提供了在 Linux 上使用 Oracle 12c Release 1 的实践经验和知识，涵盖了设置 Linux 环境、安装 Oracle 数据库、升级到 Oracle 12c R1、RAC 环境下的 Oracle DB 12c R1 等内容，帮助读者快速掌握 Oracle 数据库的使用和管理。

2 Experiences with Oracle Database 12c Release 1 on Linux on System z

1.1 Myths about the mainframe

Section 1.1.1, “Don't Believe the Myths” on page 2 and its subsections contain an excellent

blog article on the myths of the mainframe, which was published on July 17, 2013.

It is

included here to give you a perspective about why customers run solutions on the mainframe.

1.1.1 Don't Believe the Myths

The facts about mainframe outweigh the common misconceptions.

Here at SHARE, we believe the mainframe is the most-secure, lowest-cost, and

best-performing mixed-workload computing platform on the planet. SHARE continues to

serve the mainframe community, helping to show our members the best practices for

managing the mainframe environment and optimizing the value that the mainframe delivers.

It's the core of the computing environment for many companies.

Still, misconceptions and myths persist—like the idea that few mainframes remain in use

today. The reality is SHARE represents more than 20,000 individuals from nearly 2,000

companies. Those companies include: state and federal government agencies, universities,

retail, energy, manufacturing, banks, and insurance companies. More specifically:

򐂰 Ninety-six of the world's top 100 banks, 23 of the 25 top U.S. retailers, and nine of the

world's 10 largest insurance companies run System z.

򐂰 Seventy-one percent of global Fortune 500 companies are System z clients.

򐂰 Nine out of the top 10 global life and health insurance providers process their high-volume

transactions on a System z mainframe

򐂰 Mainframes process roughly 30 billion business transactions per day, including most major

credit-card transactions, stock trades, and money transfers, as well as manufacturing

processes and ERP systems.

That doesn't sound like a technology that is no longer in use, or going away anytime soon.

Other common myths about the mainframe include:

1. They are old.

2. They don't run modern applications.

3. Mainframes are expensive.

4. The skills to manage mainframes are not available or you need more people.

Mainframes are old?

The mainframe is celebrating its 50th birthday in 2014. But, there have been generational

differences between the mainframe introduced in 1964 and today's mainframe. The

automobile is more than 100 years old, but no one suggests that automobiles are an old or

outdated technology.

Are the cars of today different from the cars of 1964? Absolutely. Likewise, today's mainframe

is faster, has more capacity, is more reliable and energy efficient than the mainframe of the

1960s, '70s, '80s, or even those delivered three years ago in 2010.

SHARE Inc/Janet L. Sun, Reprinted by Permission. http://www.share.org/p/bl/et/blogid=2&per=5&sort=0&p=4

Chapter 1. What is new with Oracle on Linux on IBM System z 3

The modern mainframe, known as the IBM zEnterprise® System, delivered in 2010 improved

single-system image performance by 60 percent, while keeping within the same energy

envelope when compared to previous generations. And the zEnterprise EC12, which shipped

in 2012, has up to 50 percent more total system capacity, as well as availability and security

enhancements. It uses 5.5 GHz hexa-core chips-hardly old technology. It's scalable to 120

cores with 3 TB of memory. Clearly larger (more capacity) and faster than anything available

in the '60s, with a smaller physical footprint and better energy consumption characteristics.

IBM has a corporate directive for every generation of mainframe: each successive model

must be more reliable than the previous one. Incremental and breakthrough improvements

have been made over 20 generations of mainframes. Fault tolerance, self-healing capabilities,

and concurrent maintainability are characteristics of the mainframe that are lacking in many

other systems. The integration of mainframe hardware, firmware and the OS enables the

highest reliability, availability and serviceability capabilities in the industry.

Mainframes don't run modern applications?

Mainframes have been running Linux workloads since 2000 and those workloads on the

mainframe are growing. From IBM's 2012 Annual Report: “The increase in MIPS (i.e.

capacity) was driven by the new mainframe shipments, including specialty engines, which

increased 44 percent year over year driven by Linux workloads.”

The mainframe also has a specialty processor specifically intended to run Java workloads.

How about Hoplon Infotainment running their TaikoDom game hosted on System z?

You say green screens are ugly? There are graphical interfaces and even iPhone and Android

apps that put a pretty face on the green screens for those who are trying to use business

applications. More and more, interfaces that the general public is familiar with and

comfortable with are being utilized, even in business contexts, to make access to the

mainframe easier and more transparent. (How many people are accessing a mainframe on a

regular basis today and don't know it? Most of them!)

Those who manage the mainframe often prefer the green screens. These are incredibly fast

interfaces that can deliver sub-second response time. When is the last time you clicked your

mouse and got sub-second response from a Java application?

What about cloud? The cloud is actually an online computer environment consisting of

components (including hardware, networks, storage, services and interfaces) in a virtualized

environment that can deliver online services (including data, infrastructure, storage and

processes) just in time or based on user demand. By this definition of cloud computing, the

System z platform has been an internalized cloud for more than 40 years!

Starting in 2007, IBM embarked on its own server-consolidation project called “Project Big

Green.” The company consolidated 3,900 servers onto 16 mainframes, decreasing energy

and floor space by more than 80 percent. The electrical power went from $600/day to $32/day

and required floor space dropped from 10,000 to 400 square feet. Cooling costs for those

mainframes were less than those of distributed servers handling a comparable load as well.

In addition, those mainframes required 80 percent less administration/labor, dropping from

more than 25 workers vs. less than five.

4 Experiences with Oracle Database 12c Release 1 on Linux on System z

Mainframes are expensive?

Actual costs depend on what you're looking at. In terms of hardware acquisition costs,

certainly, a single mainframe costs more than a single server or even several servers. But,

you would need more individual servers to match the computing capability of a mainframe.

Add to that the fact software and labor costs for servers grow linearly: The more servers you

add, the more software licenses and systems administrators you need. And yet, the

mainframe delivers higher utilization, lower overheads and the lowest total cost-per-user of

any platform. When all cost factors are considered fairly, the mainframe is usually the lowest

cost alternative.

Often when considering the cost of the mainframe, people only look at the initial hardware

purchase and overlook the ongoing maintenance costs. With 100 servers, you have 100 times

more chances something will break. So you need an army that has to be ready at any time to

fix hardware. Each of those servers has an OS on it, and all of them need patches, upgrades

and applications deployed to them on a regular basis. So, you need another army for that.

Then your applications are spread all over the place, so when the software fails or gets

overloaded, it takes an army to monitor the applications and locate the problem. Servers are

cheap to buy, but those savings are eaten away by all of the people required to run and

monitor them.

Don't forget electrical and air-conditioning costs also increase when you add servers. Then,

you need to make sure that you count ALL the servers.

Mainframe skills aren't available or you need more people?

As we've already seen, it takes fewer people to manage a mainframe than a set of servers

delivering comparable capability. Do you need specialized skills to manage a mainframe? It

depends. If managing Linux on System z, you'll find that Linux is Linux regardless of platform.

So if you can manage Linux on Intel, you can manage Linux on the mainframe. This means

those students coming out of universities that know Linux can, with very little additional

training, manage a Linux on System z environment.

In addition, IBM has been investing in increasing the available skills. The IBM System z

Academic Initiative helps to ensure that a shortage of System z and z/OS skills does not

happen. Since 2004, the program has worked with more than 1,000 schools to educate more

than 50,000 students worldwide! Many people in the mainframe community are using the

System z Academic Initiative to assist and enable schools to teach mainframe skills.

Then there is SHARE's zNextGen community that connects more than 900 young mainframe

professionals from more than 24 countries. And don't forget the two annual SHARE

conferences and year-round webcasts, which offer hundreds of hours of mainframe skills

training and numerous opportunities for peer networking.

There's plenty of access to the skills required to manage a mainframe and scores of experts

who are happy to share their knowledge and experience. Being well versed in mainframe

technologies is a pretty good career choice.

MIPS don't lie

Are companies running from the mainframe? Certainly a few are contemplating or attempting

to migrate off the mainframe. But the work being done by the platform is increasing, not

decreasing. Just looking IBM's Annual Report, 2010 saw a 22 percent increase in MIPS

shipped over the previous year, 2011 had a 16 percent increase, and 2012 saw 19 percent

growth. Clearly, the truth about mainframes is out there—especially for those willing to look

beyond the myths.

The blog article ends here.

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