Erlang与OTP实战：英文版技术解析

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"Erlang and OTP in Action 是一本2010年的英文书籍，由Martin Logan、Eric Merritt和Richard Carlsson合著，该书深入介绍了Erlang编程语言以及OTP（Open Telecom Platform）框架的应用。由Manning出版社出版，书中涵盖了Erlang在实际开发中的应用和技术细节。" Erlang是一种并发性极强的函数式编程语言，最初由爱立信公司设计，主要用于构建高度可扩展和高可用性的分布式系统。OTP则是基于Erlang的一套设计模式和库，它提供了一种构建可靠软件的框架。这本书《Erlang and OTP in Action》旨在帮助读者理解并掌握如何利用Erlang和OTP来构建高效、容错的系统。书中可能涵盖了以下关键知识点： 1. **Erlang基础**：介绍Erlang的基本语法、数据类型、过程、模式匹配和函数式编程思想，让读者能够快速上手Erlang编程。 2. **并发与并行处理**：Erlang的轻量级进程模型使得并发编程变得简单，书中会详细讲解如何创建和管理进程，以及进程间的通信机制如消息传递。 3. **分布式编程**：Erlang天生支持分布式计算，书中可能会介绍如何构建跨节点的分布式系统，以及如何处理网络故障。 4. **OTP概念**：阐述OTP的设计原则，如Supervisor（监督者）、GenServer（通用服务器）等行为模式，以及如何使用这些模式来构建健壮的系统架构。 5. **错误处理和容错**：Erlang的“let it crash”哲学是其高可用性的重要组成部分，书中会讲解如何设计能够优雅处理错误的系统，并通过故障恢复实现系统的持续运行。 6. **性能优化**：探讨Erlang在内存管理和性能调优方面的最佳实践，帮助开发者构建高效的应用程序。 7. **案例研究**：通过实际的项目示例，展示Erlang和OTP在真实世界中的应用，如构建实时通信系统、数据库服务或大规模并发处理等。 8. **开发工具和生态系统**：介绍Erlang的开发环境、调试工具、测试框架以及丰富的第三方库，帮助开发者提高生产力。通过阅读本书，读者不仅能学习到Erlang语言本身，还能了解到构建大型、复杂、容错系统的关键技术和最佳实践。对于那些希望进入Erlang领域的开发者或者正在寻求提升现有系统可靠性和扩展性的工程师来说，这是一本非常有价值的参考资料。

CONTENTS

Integrating with foreign code using ports and NIFs 291

12.1 Ports and NIFs 292

Plain ports 294

■

Linked-in port drivers 295

Natively implemented functions (NIFs) 295

12.2 Integrating with the parser through a port 296

The Erlang side of the port 297

■

The C side of the

port 300

■

Compiling and running the code 312

12.3 Making a linked-in driver 313

Understanding linked-in drivers 313

■

The C side of

the driver 315

■

Compiling the driver code 320

The Erlang side of the driver 321

12.4 Implementing the parser as a NIF 322

The Erlang side of the NIF 322

■

The C side of

the NIF 323

■

Compiling and running the code 330

12.5 Summary 331

Communication between Erlang and Java via Jinterface 332

13.1 Integrating Erlang with Java using Jinterface 334

The OtpNode class 334

■

The OtpMbox class 334

Mapping Erlang data structures onto Java 335

Message-handling example in Java 337

■

Talking to

the Java node from Erlang 339

13.2 Installing and configuring HBase 340

Downloading and installing 340

■

Configuring HBase 341

13.3 Building the bridge between Simple Cache

and HBase 342

The Erlang side: sc_hbase.erl 342

The HBaseConnector class 344

■

Java message

handling 346

■

The HBaseTask class 349

13.4 Integrating HBase with Simple Cache 351

Lookup 352

■

Insert 352

■

Delete 353

13.5 Running the integrated system 353

13.6 Summary 356

FOREWORD

xviii

database managers, protocol parsers, and error-handling frameworks—but I enjoyed

myself thoroughly. After all, this was a different time: the web was emerging with the

release of the Mosaic browser that same year, and the term open source wouldn’t be

used for another five years; if you wanted a programming framework with support for

distributed computing and fault tolerance, you had to be prepared to pay dearly, both

in time and money. I had scoured the market for such tools and felt well-informed

about the commercial alternatives. Erlang was raw and unassuming, with a weird-

looking syntax and practically no documentation, but its core concepts felt right in a

way that no other tools had.

Three years later, I found myself in Sweden, working for Ericsson and chief

designer of the largest Erlang-based project to date. We would build what is known as

a telecom-class

ATM switch using Erlang, as well as a new framework called the Open

Telecom Platform. The name was intended to make decision makers in the company

feel warm and fuzzy—Telecom was our core business, Open was the buzzword of the day,

and the prevailing wisdom was that if you wanted to build a robust complex product,

you had to have a Platform that provided things like redundancy, support for remote

configuration, live software upgrade, and real-time tracing and debugging.

Ericsson isn’t in the business of selling development tools, but it has designed pro-

gramming languages by necessity since the early 1970s. To its credit (but also to its

own benefit), Ericsson released Erlang/

OTP as open source in 1998. Enthusiasts

across the world picked it up and used it, mainly in the telecom field at first, but later

also in other areas. We made several attempts in the ’90s to pitch Erlang to web devel-

opers, but the challenge facing web developers back then wasn’t how to make redun-

dant, scalable, and highly responsive e-commerce sites; the time for such systems

hadn’t yet come, nor had the time when concurrency would be a conversation topic

for mainstream programmers. Concurrency was hard—everyone knew that. Concur-

rency was something to be avoided. Why, then, choose a programming language

where you could hardly even write “hello world” without introducing concurrency?

The explosive growth of the web and the emergence of increasingly interactive

web applications eventually brought Erlang in from the cold. Unexpected help also

came from the laws of physics, which finally made it impossible to keep cranking up

the clock frequency on our

CPUs to produce faster and faster single-core chips. The

message “The free lunch is over” from the hardware vendors, urging developers to

start learning how to make their programs scale across many weaker cores rather than

one very fast

CPU, was wonderful news for Erlang. This meant many clever program-

mers would at least look at Erlang, to figure out what supposedly made it so special.

Many would simply look, and others would borrow concepts and implement them in

their favorite language. This was wonderful too, because it meant the market value of

knowing and loving Erlang and the principles behind it would increase rapidly.

OTP has by now been proven in several problem domains other than telecom and

is highly regarded by those who have learned to master it. Erlang/

OTP is an amazingly

powerful platform, but it does take time to learn, not least when you try to apply it to a

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