一周内构建专业级动态网站：Django CMS入门指南

Beginning

Django

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《入门Django CMS：打造一流网站一周通》(2015年Apress出版)是一本专为互联网开发者量身打造的指南，作者是Nigel George。该书旨在帮助读者轻松构建功能强大的动态网站，配备一个易于使用的后台内容管理系统。它针对的是那些厌倦了处理复杂、庞大且难以构建和维护的传统网站框架的开发者。Django CMS是一个基于Python的开源网站构建框架，其简洁、安全和可扩展的设计使得它在开发者的社区中迅速崛起。本书从零开始，逐步指导读者了解和掌握Django CMS的核心概念和技术。首先，作者会介绍Django CMS的基本架构和工作原理，让初学者对其有深入的理解。随后，通过一系列实例和实战项目，读者将学习如何设置环境，创建网站模型，配置模板，以及如何管理内容和用户权限。书中涵盖了关键知识点，如： 1. **Django基础知识**：确保读者具备必要的Django基础知识，以便在使用Django CMS时能够顺利集成和应用。 2. **安装与配置**：包括Django CMS的安装步骤，以及如何配置项目的设置，使之适应不同的需求。 3. **模型设计**：如何设计符合业务逻辑的模型，用于存储网站内容和管理数据结构。 4. **模板与布局**：如何使用Django模板语言创建动态网页，以及如何管理页面布局和导航。 5. **插件与扩展**：介绍Django CMS内置的插件系统，以及如何自定义和扩展功能。 6. **用户管理与权限控制**：如何设置用户角色，分配权限，并确保网站的安全性。 7. **部署与维护**：讲解如何将网站部署到生产环境，以及如何进行日常维护和优化。 8. **实战项目**：通过实际项目的开发，让读者将所学知识付诸实践，提升技能。这本书不仅仅是一本教程，更是一个实用的工具包，适合希望通过Django CMS快速建立专业级网站的开发人员，无论是为自己还是为客户提供服务。对于希望进入或进一步提升在Django CMS领域的开发者来说，这是一本不可或缺的参考书籍。

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Introduction

Beginning django CMS is for Internet developers who are sick and tired of dealing with

complicated, bloated website frameworks that are a pain to build and a nightmare to

maintain. django CMS is an open source website-building framework that is experiencing

exponential growth because it is built on the simple, secure, and scalable architecture of

Django. This book will take you from knowing potentially nothing about django CMS to

building a functional website and content management system you can deploy for your

own website or for your customers.

Who This Book Is For

Beginning django CMS is for developers who wish to build a custom content management

system (CMS), simply and cleanly, without the overhead and bloat that comes with many

other CMS frameworks.

To get the most out of this book, you will ideally have a basic knowledge of

programming, web development, and Internet technologies. django CMS is built on

Django, which is written in Python, and so a working knowledge of Python will make

understanding many of the examples much easier.

Having said that, the book is not too technical for new developers to understand; the

content has been written so that a new developer with minimal prior experience will be

able to create a fully functioning django CMS website by the end of the book.

My only suggesting to those of you who are just starting out is that you familiarize

yourself with all the free resources listed in Chapter 11; so if you do get stuck on some

technical issue, you will know where to look for the answers.

What You’ll Learn

In this book, you will learn how to:

• Install and configure django CMS.

• Create and manage content in django CMS.

• Easily create custom site and page templates for visually stunning

websites that work perfectly on all devices—from mobile phones

to desktop computers.

• Create and extend navigation menus for your django CMS website.

Chapter 1 ■ Working With a CMS

The solution to this problem was a Content Management System (CMS)—a set of

methodologies and processes that have been around since long before the Internet.

Content Management 101

Content management is the systematic management of information (content). A simple

way to understand content management is to use an example—this book:

• The writer (me) will give my draft to an editor who will work with

me to ensure the manuscript is ready to go to the publisher.

• The publisher will approve the final manuscript for publication.

• The publisher will then send the properly laid out manuscript to a

printer who produces the book you are now holding in your hand.

Of course, the actual process in more complex and much more collaborative than

this sequence would suggest, but the important thing to note is that each person in the

process fulfils a role and can function independent of the others; a publisher does not

have to know the writer’s craft, nor does the writer have to understand how to print a

book.

Content Management Roles

A website CMS requires roles similar to those required to produce a book:

• Authors create the articles and page content that is displayed on

the website.

• Editors take author-created content and edit it to fit the style and

context of the website, as well as make any corrections to spelling

and grammar. The editor usually fulfils the publisher role on a

website CMS; marking content ready for displaying to the public

via the CMS software running on the server.

• The designer still has an important role in creating the overall

visual presentation of the website, although there is an increasing

move towards buying off-the-shelf templates that suit a website

owner’s design goals, rather than employing a designer to create a

custom look.

• The site administrator looks after the back end of the

website—assigning roles to other users, maintaining the content,

and applying backups and updates. In some cases, the site

administrator is also the developer—writing code to improve

the functionality of the website—although this is becoming less

common, as you will see in the next section.

Chapter 1 ■ Working With a CMS

Anatomy of a Modern CMS

In almost all cases, a modern CMS is a computer application that can be desktop or

cloud-based (or a combination of both). They allow for easy organization of content and

provide tools for creating, editing and publishing content. They use database and file

system storage to provide flexible and scalable storage of data; a modern CMS is capable

of handling everything from a two-page website to massive content publishing platforms

with millions of pages of content (like online news).

The vast majority of modern websites are running some form of CMS. WordPress, the

oldest and most popular, runs roughly 1 in 5 websites on the Internet. CMS software has

grown exponentially in popularity and functionality in recent years.

The current state of the art in CMS design combines all of the content management

tools we have discussed with three design philosophies to create feature rich, scalable,

and responsive websites:

• Model/View/Controller (MVC) architecture. It is beyond the

scope of this book to explain MVC, but it is a software design

pattern that epitomizes the modular approach. In MVC the

content, the design, and the code are separated physically in the

website, not just conceptually.

• Use of external applications to increase functionality. Rather

than write new code, a modern CMS allows you to “plug in”

additional programs written by other developers that provide

new functions, rather than having to write the code yourself.

These programs can range from simple plugins that change

the formatting to full-blown applications. Using external

applications not only increases the reliability of the CMS, but it

also dramatically reduces the cost, as one developer can sell the

same plugin or application to many different websites that need

the functionality.

• Mobile-friendliness. Use of smartphones and tablet computers

exceeds desktop use in most countries around the world. It

is predicted that the shift to mobile computing will continue

to increase over the next few years. It is a given that a modern

CMS must support mobile devices by providing what is called a

responsive interface that automatically adjusts the content of the

website to suit the device it is being viewed on.

django CMS has some key advantages over other CMSes—most notably providing

a dramatic improvement in modularity and separation of functions over programs like

WordPress, which still use the old model of mixing content and code on the page. Other

advantages include these:

• It is multilingual.

• It supports multiple websites.

• It uses Bootstrap out of the box to support mobile devices.

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