JavaEE 6官方教程：开发Java企业版应用指南

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"JavaEE教程6是Oracle官方发布的一份全面的学习文档，针对Java Platform, Enterprise Edition (Java EE) 的开发者。该教程分为Part No:821–1841–15，发布日期为2012年7月，版权归属于Oracle及其关联公司，所有权利保留。文档不仅提供了详尽的理论指南，还包含了一系列供学习者实践的示例代码，这些代码遵循了伯克利许可协议。该教程的主要目标是引导读者在Java EE平台上进行应用程序开发，它被设计为一个学习工具，帮助用户深入理解Java EE平台的技术特性和工作原理。然而，使用该教程时需要注意，它提供的只是非独家许可，仅限于个人学习目的，禁止未经许可的商业复制、修改、分发或公开展示。除非在许可条款中明确规定，否则用户不得对教程进行逆向工程、拆解或反编译。此外，下载的示例代码需遵循单独的伯克利许可协议，这意味着在使用这些代码时，用户必须接受其特定的使用条件。教程本身受到知识产权法律的保护，限制了其在未经许可的情况下使用和披露的范围。 JavaEE教程6是Java EE开发者必备的学习资料，提供了丰富的技术指导和实践案例，但同时也明确了使用规范，确保用户能够合法、合规地利用这一资源提升技能。"

Accessing Enterprise Beans .............................................................................................................. 445

Using Enterprise Beans in Clients ............................................................................................ 445

Deciding on Remote or Local Access ....................................................................................... 446

Local Clients ............................................................................................................................... 447

Remote Clients ........................................................................................................................... 449

Web Service Clients ................................................................................................................... 450

Method Parameters and Access ................................................................................................ 451

The Contents of an Enterprise Bean ............................................................................................... 451

Packaging Enterprise Beans in EJB JAR Modules .................................................................. 451

Packaging Enterprise Beans in WAR Modules ...................................................................... 452

Naming Conventions for Enterprise Beans ................................................................................... 453

The Lifecycles of Enterprise Beans .................................................................................................. 454

The Lifecycle of a Stateful Session Bean .................................................................................. 454

The Lifecycle of a Stateless Session Bean ................................................................................. 455

The Lifecycle of a Singleton Session Bean ............................................................................... 455

The Lifecycle of a Message-Driven Bean ................................................................................. 456

Further Information about Enterprise Beans ................................................................................ 457

23 Getting Started with Enterprise Beans .......................................................................................... 459

Creating the Enterprise Bean ........................................................................................................... 459

Coding the Enterprise Bean Class ............................................................................................ 460

Creating the converter Web Client ........................................................................................ 460

Building, Packaging, Deploying, and Running the converter Example ............................ 461

Modifying the Java EE Application ................................................................................................. 462

▼ To Modify a Class File ................................................................................................................ 462

24 Running the Enterprise Bean Examples ........................................................................................ 465

The cart Example ............................................................................................................................. 465

The Business Interface ............................................................................................................... 466

Session Bean Class ..................................................................................................................... 467

The @Remove Method ................................................................................................................. 470

Helper Classes ............................................................................................................................. 470

Building, Packaging, Deploying, and Running the cart Example ...................................... 470

A Singleton Session Bean Example: counter ................................................................................. 472

Creating a Singleton Session Bean ........................................................................................... 472

Contents

The Java EE 6 Tutorial • July 201216

The Architecture of the counter Example .............................................................................. 476

Building, Packaging, Deploying, and Running the counter Example ................................ 479

A Web Service Example: helloservice ......................................................................................... 480

The Web Service Endpoint Implementation Class ................................................................ 480

Stateless Session Bean Implementation Class ........................................................................ 481

Building, Packaging, Deploying, and Testing the helloservice Example ........................ 481

Using the Timer Service .................................................................................................................... 483

Creating Calendar-Based Timer Expressions ........................................................................ 483

Programmatic Timers ............................................................................................................... 486

Automatic Timers ...................................................................................................................... 487

Canceling and Saving Timers ................................................................................................... 488

Getting Timer Information ...................................................................................................... 489

Transactions and Timers .......................................................................................................... 489

The timersession Example ..................................................................................................... 489

Building, Packaging, Deploying, and Running the timersession Example ...................... 492

Handling Exceptions ......................................................................................................................... 493

25 A Message-Driven Bean Example ...................................................................................................495

simplemessage Example Application Overview ........................................................................... 495

The simplemessage Application Client ......................................................................................... 496

The Message-Driven Bean Class ..................................................................................................... 497

The onMessage Method ............................................................................................................. 498

Packaging, Deploying, and Running the simplemessage Example ............................................ 499

Administered Objects for the simplemessage Example ....................................................... 499

▼ To Build, Deploy, and Run the simplemessage Application Using NetBeans IDE ........... 500

▼ To Build, Deploy, and Run the simplemessage Application Using Ant ............................. 500

Removing the Administered Objects for the simplemessage Example .............................. 501

26 Using the Embedded Enterprise Bean Container ........................................................................ 503

Overview of the Embedded Enterprise Bean Container ............................................................... 503

Developing Embeddable Enterprise Bean Applications ............................................................... 503

Running Embedded Applications ............................................................................................ 504

Creating the Enterprise Bean Container ................................................................................. 504

Looking Up Session Bean References ...................................................................................... 506

Shutting Down the Enterprise Bean Container ..................................................................... 506

Contents

The standalone Example Application ........................................................................................... 506

▼ Running the standalone Example Application ..................................................................... 507

27 Using Asynchronous Method Invocation in Session Beans ....................................................... 509

Asynchronous Method Invocation ................................................................................................. 509

Creating an Asynchronous Business Method ......................................................................... 510

Calling Asynchronous Methods from Enterprise Bean Clients ........................................... 511

The async Example Application ...................................................................................................... 512

Architecture of the async Example Application .................................................................... 512

▼ Conguring the Keystore and Truststore in GlassFish Server ............................................. 513

▼ Running the async Example Application in NetBeans IDE ................................................. 514

▼ Running the async Example Application Using Ant ............................................................ 515

Part V Contexts and Dependency Injection for the Java EE Platform ...................................................517

28 Introduction to Contexts and Dependency Injection for the Java EE Platform .......................519

Overview of CDI ................................................................................................................................ 520

About Beans ....................................................................................................................................... 521

About CDI Managed Beans .............................................................................................................. 521

Beans as Injectable Objects ............................................................................................................... 522

Using Qualiers ................................................................................................................................. 523

Injecting Beans ................................................................................................................................... 524

Using Scopes ...................................................................................................................................... 524

Overriding the Scope of a Bean at the Point of Injection .............................................................. 526

Giving Beans EL Names .................................................................................................................... 526

Adding Setter and Getter Methods .................................................................................................. 527

Using a Managed Bean in a Facelets Page ....................................................................................... 528

Injecting Objects by Using Producer Methods .............................................................................. 528

Conguring a CDI Application ....................................................................................................... 529

Using the @PostConstruct and @PreDestroy Annotations With CDI Managed Bean

Classes ................................................................................................................................................. 529

▼ To Initialize a Managed Bean Using the @PostConstruct Annotation .............................. 529

▼ To Prepare for the Destruction of a Managed Bean Using the @PreDestroy Annotation 530

Further Information about CDI ...................................................................................................... 530

Contents

The Java EE 6 Tutorial • July 201218

29 Running the Basic Contexts and Dependency Injection Examples .......................................... 531

The simplegreeting CDI Example ................................................................................................ 531

The simplegreeting Source Files ........................................................................................... 532

The Facelets Template and Page ............................................................................................... 532

Conguration Files .................................................................................................................... 533

Building, Packaging, Deploying, and Running the simplegreeting CDI Example ......... 534

The guessnumber CDI Example ...................................................................................................... 535

The guessnumber Source Files ................................................................................................. 536

The Facelets Page ....................................................................................................................... 540

Building, Packaging, Deploying, and Running the guessnumber CDI Example ............... 541

30 Contexts and Dependency Injection for the Java EE Platform: AdvancedTopics ...................543

Using Alternatives in CDI Applications ......................................................................................... 543

Using Specialization .................................................................................................................. 544

Using Producer Methods, Producer Fields, and Disposer Methods in CDI Applications ....... 545

Using Producer Methods .......................................................................................................... 546

Using Producer Fields to Generate Resources ........................................................................ 547

Using a Disposer Method .......................................................................................................... 547

Using Predened Beans in CDI Applications ................................................................................ 548

Using Events in CDI Applications ................................................................................................... 549

Dening Events .......................................................................................................................... 549

Using Observer Methods to Handle Events ............................................................................ 549

Firing Events ............................................................................................................................... 550

Using Interceptors in CDI Applications ......................................................................................... 551

Using Decorators in CDI Applications ........................................................................................... 553

Using Stereotypes in CDI Applications .......................................................................................... 554

31 Running the Advanced Contexts and Dependency Injection Examples ................................. 557

The encoder Example: Using Alternatives .................................................................................... 557

The Coder Interface and Implementations ............................................................................. 558

The encoder Facelets Page and Managed Bean ...................................................................... 558

Building, Packaging, Deploying, and Running the encoder Example ................................ 560

The producermethods Example: Using a Producer Method To Choose a Bean

Implementation ................................................................................................................................. 562

Components of the producermethods Example .................................................................... 563

Contents

Building, Packaging, Deploying, and Running the producermethods Example ............... 564

The producerfields Example: Using Producer Fields to Generate Resources ........................ 565

The Producer Field for the producerfields Example .......................................................... 566

The producerfields Entity and Session Bean ...................................................................... 567

The producerfields Facelets Pages and Managed Bean ..................................................... 568

Building, Packaging, Deploying, and Running the producerfields Example ................. 570

The billpayment Example: Using Events and Interceptors ........................................................ 572

The PaymentEvent Event Class ................................................................................................ 572

The PaymentHandler Event Listener ....................................................................................... 572

The billpayment Facelets Pages and Managed Bean ............................................................ 573

The LoggedInterceptor Interceptor Class ............................................................................ 575

Building, Packaging, Deploying, and Running the billpayment Example ........................ 576

The decorators Example: Decorating a Bean ............................................................................... 578

Components of the decorators Example .............................................................................. 578

Building, Packaging, Deploying, and Running the decorators Example .......................... 579

Part VI Persistence ..........................................................................................................................................581

32 Introduction to the Java Persistence API ...................................................................................... 583

Entities ................................................................................................................................................ 583

Requirements for Entity Classes .............................................................................................. 584

Persistent Fields and Properties in Entity Classes .................................................................. 584

Primary Keys in Entities ............................................................................................................ 589

Multiplicity in Entity Relationships ......................................................................................... 591

Direction in Entity Relationships ............................................................................................. 591

Embeddable Classes in Entities ................................................................................................ 594

Entity Inheritance .............................................................................................................................. 595

Abstract Entities ......................................................................................................................... 595

Mapped Superclasses ................................................................................................................. 595

Non-Entity Superclasses ........................................................................................................... 596

Entity Inheritance Mapping Strategies .................................................................................... 596

Managing Entities .............................................................................................................................. 599

The EntityManager Interface .................................................................................................. 599

Persistence Units ........................................................................................................................ 603

Querying Entities ............................................................................................................................... 604

Contents

The Java EE 6 Tutorial • July 201220

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