Windows PowerShell入门指南

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"Mastering-PowerShell - 一本关于Windows PowerShell的入门书籍，由Tobias Weltner撰写，详细讲解了PowerShell的相关技术和应用。" 在深入探讨PowerShell之前，我们首先需要理解它是什么。PowerShell是由微软开发的一种命令行外壳程序和脚本语言，主要设计用于系统管理员和开发者进行自动化任务管理。它结合了传统的命令行界面和一种强大的脚本环境，允许用户通过面向对象的API与操作系统进行交互。本书"Mastering PowerShell"是针对初学者的指南，旨在帮助读者掌握这一强大的工具。书中可能涵盖了以下核心概念和主题： 1. **PowerShell基础**：包括PowerShell的工作环境，如ISE（集成脚本环境）或VSCode扩展，以及如何启动和使用PowerShell会话。学习如何执行基本的命令行操作，如列出文件、目录操作和进程管理。 2. **PowerShell语法**：了解PowerShell的命令语法，包括Cmdlets（命令let）、管道符、变量、数据类型、条件语句和循环结构。这将使读者能够编写简单的脚本来自动化日常任务。 3. **PowerShell对象模型**：PowerShell以对象为中心，每个命令的输出都是一个对象。理解这种对象模型有助于更有效地处理数据和系统信息。 4. **提供者（Providers）**：PowerShell提供了多种提供者，如文件系统提供者、注册表提供者等，允许用户通过相同的接口访问不同类型的存储区域。 5. **脚本编写和模块化**：学习如何编写高级脚本，使用函数和模块来组织代码，以及如何利用PowerShell的模块系统分享和重用代码。 6. **错误处理和调试**：了解如何捕获和处理运行时错误，以及如何调试PowerShell脚本，以确保代码的稳定性和可靠性。 7. **远程管理**：PowerShell Remoting允许管理员从一台计算机控制另一台计算机，这是大型企业环境中不可或缺的功能。 8. **与其他技术的集成**：PowerShell可以轻松地与.NET Framework、WMI（Windows Management Instrumentation）、SQL Server以及其他Microsoft技术集成，使得系统管理更为便捷。 9. **案例研究和最佳实践**：书中可能会包含实际的系统管理场景，演示如何使用PowerShell解决特定问题，以及编写高效、可维护的脚本的最佳实践。 10. **作者的见解和经验**：Tobias Weltner作为PowerShell MVP，他的经验和见解对于初学者来说是宝贵的，他可能分享了一些实际工作中的技巧和策略。 "Mastering PowerShell"是一本全面介绍PowerShell的书籍，无论你是IT新手还是有经验的管理员，都能从中受益，提升你的系统管理技能和自动化能力。

Figure 1.6: Specifying new fonts and font sizes

You should also try experimenting with TrueType fonts by using the "bold fonts" option. TrueType

fonts are often more readable if they're displayed in bold.

Your choice of fonts may at first seem a bit limited. To get more

font choices, you can add them to the console font list. The limited

default font list is supposed to prevent you from choosing

unsuitable fonts for your console.

One reason for this is that the console always uses the same width for each

character (fixed width fonts). This restricts the use of most Windows fonts

because they're proportional typefaces: every character has its own width.

For example, an "" is narrower than an "m". If you're sure that a certain font

will work in the console, then here's how to add the font to the console font

list.

Open your registry editor. In the key

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\

CurrentVersion\Console\TrueTypeFont insert a new "string value" and give

this entry the name "00" (numbers, not letters).

If there's already an entry that has this name, then call the new entry "000"

or add as many zeroes as required to avoid conflicts with existing entries.

You should then double-click your new entry to open it and enter the name of

the font. The name must be exactly the same as the official font name, just

the way it's stated under the key

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows

NT\CurrentVersion\Fonts.

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Saving Changes

Once you've successfully specified all your settings in the dialog box, you can close the dialog box. If

you're using Windows Vista, all changes will be saved immediately, and when you start PowerShell

the next time, your new settings will already be in effect. You may need Admin rights to save

settings if you launched PowerShell with a link in your start menu that applies for all users.

If you're using Windows XP, you'll see an additional window and a message asking you whether you

want to save changes temporarily (Apply properties to current window only) or permanently (Modify

shortcut that started this window).

Piping and Routing

You may want to view the information page by page or save it in a file since some commands output

a lot of information.

Piping: Outputting Information Page by Page

The pipe command more outputs information screen page by screen page. You will need to press a

button (like Space) to continue to the next page.

Piping uses the vertical bar (|). The results of the command to the left of the pipe symbol are then

fed into the command on the right side of the pipe symbol. This kind of piping is also known in

PowerShell as the "pipeline":

Get-Process | more (Enter)

You can press (Ctrl)+(C) to stop output. Piping also works with other commands, not just more. For

example, if you'd like to get a sorted directory listing, pipe the result to Sort-Object and specify the

columns you would like to sort:

dir | Sort-Object -property Length, Name (Enter)

You'll find more background information on piping as well as many useful examples in Chapter 5.

Redirecting: Storing Information in Files

If you'd like to redirect the result of a command to a file, you can use the redirection symbol ">":

Help > help.txt (Enter)

The information won't appear in the console but will instead be redirected to the specified file. You

can then open the file.

However, opening a file in PowerShell is different from opening a file in the classic console:

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