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首页IEEE 802.11ah-2016:Sub 1 GHz 无线局域网规范
IEEE 802.11ah-2016:Sub 1 GHz 无线局域网规范
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更新于2024-07-15
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"IEEE 802.11ah 是一个针对无线局域网(WLAN)媒介访问控制(MAC)和物理层(PHY)规格的修正案,专注于在1GHz以下频段的免许可操作。这个标准由IEEE的局域/城域网标准委员会赞助,并由IEEE计算机学会发布。802.11ah是对802.11-2016标准的修订,同时也考虑了802.11ai-2016修正案的影响。"
IEEE 802.11ah是无线局域网络的一个重要扩展,主要目标是在低于1GHz的频段提供低功耗、广覆盖的通信服务。这个频段相比传统的2.4GHz或5GHz频段,具有更好的穿透力和更远的传播距离,因此特别适用于物联网(IoT)应用,如智能城市、智能家居、环境监测以及工业自动化等领域。
标准中的关键知识点包括:
1. **物理层(PHY)规格**:802.11ah引入了新的调制解调技术,如高阶调制和编码方案,以在较低频率下实现更高的数据传输效率。它可能支持多种数据速率,适应不同的应用需求。
2. **频道分配**:在1GHz以下的频谱中,802.11ah可以利用不同的频段,如900MHz频段,这些频段通常在许多国家和地区是免许可的。
3. **低功耗设计**:为适应物联网设备的长时间运行需求,802.11ah标准包含节能模式和优化的电源管理机制,使得设备能在保持连接的同时,显著降低功耗。
4. **网络架构**:802.11ah支持大规模的设备连接,允许大量的终端节点(如传感器或执行器)连接到一个接入点(AP),形成大规模的物联网网络。
5. **多站(Multi-Station, MS)操作**:标准规定了如何处理多个设备同时发送和接收数据,确保网络的公平性和效率。
6. **安全性和认证**:802.11ah沿用了802.11标准的安全框架,包括WPA2等加密机制,以保护数据的安全传输。
7. **与802.11ai的结合**:802.11ai关注快速初始链接建立和短时延通信,与802.11ah结合,可以提升物联网环境中的快速响应能力和效率。
8. **兼容性**:尽管802.11ah在物理层有别于传统的802.11标准,但设计上考虑了与其他802.11标准的兼容性,以便于网络的扩展和集成。
IEEE 802.11ah标准为无线通信提供了新的选择,尤其是在低功耗、广覆盖的场景下,为物联网的发展提供了强大的技术支持。通过理解和应用这些知识点,开发者和工程师能够创建出更加高效、可靠且节能的物联网解决方案。
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Copyright © 2017 IEEE. All rights reserved.
9.6.25.1 Unprotected S1G Action field ................................................................. 206
9.6.25.2 AID Switch Request frame format .......................................................... 207
9.6.25.3 AID Switch Response frame format........................................................ 207
9.6.25.4 Sync Control frame format ...................................................................... 208
9.6.25.5 STA Information Announcement frame format ...................................... 208
9.6.25.6 EDCA Parameter Set frame format ......................................................... 209
9.6.25.7 EL Operation frame format...................................................................... 209
9.6.25.8 TWT Setup frame format......................................................................... 210
9.6.25.9 TWT Teardown frame format.................................................................. 210
9.6.25.10 Sectorized Group ID List frame format................................................... 211
9.6.25.11 Sector ID Feedback frame format............................................................ 211
9.6.25.12 TWT Information frame format............................................................... 212
9.6.26 S1G Action frame details......................................................................................... 213
9.6.26.1 S1G Action field ...................................................................................... 213
9.6.26.2 Reachable Address Update frame format ................................................ 213
9.6.26.3 Relay Activation Request frame format .................................................. 214
9.6.26.4 Relay Activation Response frame format ................................................ 214
9.6.26.5 Header Compression frame format.......................................................... 215
9.6.27 Flow Control Action frame details .......................................................................... 215
9.6.27.1 Flow Control Action field........................................................................ 215
9.6.27.2 Flow Suspension frame format ................................................................ 216
9.6.27.3 Flow Resumption frame format ............................................................... 216
9.6.28 Control Response MCS Negotiation frame details.................................................. 217
9.6.28.1 Control Response MCS Negotiation Action field ................................... 217
9.6.28.2 Control Response MCS Negotiation Request frame format.................... 217
9.6.28.3 Control Response MCS Negotiation Response frame format ................. 218
9.7 Aggregate MPDU (A-MPDU)................................................................................................. 218
9.7.3 A-MPDU contents ................................................................................................... 218
9.8 MAC frame format for PV1 frames......................................................................................... 219
9.8.1 Basic components .................................................................................................... 219
9.8.2 General PV1 frame format....................................................................................... 220
9.8.3 PV1 frame fields ...................................................................................................... 220
9.8.3.1 Frame Control field.................................................................................. 220
9.8.3.2 Address fields .......................................................................................... 222
9.8.3.3 Sequence Control field............................................................................. 223
9.8.3.4 Frame Body field ..................................................................................... 223
9.8.3.5 Overhead for encryption .......................................................................... 223
9.8.3.6 FCS field .................................................................................................. 223
9.8.4 PV1 Control frames ................................................................................................. 224
9.8.4.1 General..................................................................................................... 224
9.8.4.2 STACK frame format .............................................................................. 224
9.8.4.3 BAT frame format ................................................................................... 225
9.8.5 PV1 Management frames......................................................................................... 226
9.8.5.1 Format of PV1 Management frames........................................................ 226
9.8.5.2 Action and Action No Ack frames .......................................................... 227
9.8.5.3 PV1 Probe Response frame format.......................................................... 227
9.8.5.4 Resource Allocation frame format........................................................... 229
9.9 NDP CMAC frames................................................................................................................. 231
9.9.1 General..................................................................................................................... 231
9.9.2 NDP control frame details ....................................................................................... 232
9.9.2.1 NDP CTS ................................................................................................. 232
9.9.2.2 NDP CF-End............................................................................................ 234
9.9.2.3 NDP PS-Poll ............................................................................................ 235
9.9.2.4 NDP Ack.................................................................................................. 237
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9.9.2.5 NDP PS-Poll-Ack .................................................................................... 238
9.9.2.6 NDP BlockAck ........................................................................................ 239
9.9.2.7 NDP Beamforming Report Poll............................................................... 241
9.9.2.8 NDP Paging ............................................................................................. 241
9.9.3 NDP management frame details .............................................................................. 242
9.9.3.1 NDP Probe Request ................................................................................. 242
10. MAC sublayer functional description.............................................................................................. 245
10.2 MAC architecture .................................................................................................................... 245
10.2.1 General..................................................................................................................... 245
10.2.4 Hybrid coordination function (HCF) ....................................................................... 246
10.2.4.1 General..................................................................................................... 246
10.2.4.2 HCF contention-based channel access (EDCA) ...................................... 246
10.2.7 Fragmentation/defragmentation overview............................................................... 247
10.2.8 MAC data service .................................................................................................... 247
10.3 DCF.......................................................................................................................................... 248
10.3.2 Procedures common to the DCF and EDCAF ......................................................... 248
10.3.2.1 CS mechanism ......................................................................................... 248
10.3.2.3 IFS............................................................................................................ 249
10.3.2.4 Setting and resetting the NAV ................................................................. 250
10.3.2.4a Setting and resetting the RID................................................................... 251
10.3.2.6 VHT and S1G RTS procedure ................................................................. 254
10.3.2.7 CTS and DMG CTS procedure................................................................ 254
10.3.2.8 Dual CTS protection ................................................................................ 256
10.3.2.9 Acknowledgment procedure .................................................................... 256
10.3.2.9a Fragment BA procedure........................................................................... 258
10.3.2.11 Duplicate detection and recovery ............................................................ 259
10.3.2.12 NAV distribution ..................................................................................... 261
10.3.2.14 Response Indication procedure................................................................ 261
10.3.6 Group addressed MPDU transfer procedure............................................................ 263
10.3.7 DCF timing relations ............................................................................................... 263
10.7 Multirate support...................................................................................................................... 264
10.7.5 Rate selection for Data and Management frames .................................................... 264
10.7.5.1 Rate selection for non-STBC Beacon and non-STBC PSMP frames...... 264
10.7.5.3 Rate selection for other group addressed Data and Management frames 264
10.7.5.7 Rate selection for other individually addressed Data and Management
frame ........................................................................................................ 264
10.7.6 Rate selection for Control frames ............................................................................ 266
10.7.6.1 General rules for rate selection for Control frames ................................. 266
10.7.6.4 Rate selection for Control frames that are not control response frames.. 266
10.7.6.5 Rate selection for control response frames .............................................. 266
10.7.6.6 Channel Width selection for Control frames ........................................... 269
10.7.11 Channel Width in non-HT and non-HT duplicate PPDUs ...................................... 270
10.7.13 Rate selection constraints for S1G STAs................................................................. 270
10.7.13.1 RX supported S1G-MCS and NSS set..................................................... 270
10.7.13.2 Tx Supported S1G-MCS and NSS Set .................................................... 271
10.7.13.3 Additional rate selection constraints for S1G PPDUs ............................. 271
10.9 HT Control field operation ...................................................................................................... 272
10.12A-MSDU operation................................................................................................................. 272
10.13A-MPDU operation................................................................................................................. 273
10.13.1 A-MPDU contents ................................................................................................... 273
10.13.2 A-MPDU length limit rules ..................................................................................... 273
10.13.3 Minimum MPDU Start Spacing field ...................................................................... 274
10.13.4 A-MPDU aggregation of group addressed Data frames .......................................... 274
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10.13.5 Transport of A-MPDU by the PHY data service..................................................... 275
10.13.6 A-MPDU padding for VHT PPDU or S1G PPDU .................................................. 275
10.13.7 Setting the EOF field of the MPDU delimiter ......................................................... 276
10.14PPDU duration constraint ....................................................................................................... 276
10.16LDPC operation ...................................................................................................................... 276
10.17STBC operation ...................................................................................................................... 276
10.18Short GI operation .................................................................................................................. 277
10.20aS1G dynamic AID assignment operation.............................................................................. 278
10.20bGroup ID, partial AID, Uplink Indication, and COLOR in S1G PPDUs ............................. 279
10.22HCF......................................................................................................................................... 282
10.22.1 General..................................................................................................................... 282
10.22.2 HCF contention based channel access (EDCA) ...................................................... 282
10.22.2.1 Reference model ...................................................................................... 282
10.22.2.2 EDCA backoff procedure ........................................................................ 282
10.22.2.3 EDCA TXOPs.......................................................................................... 283
10.22.2.4 Obtaining an EDCA TXOP ..................................................................... 283
10.22.2.5aEDCA channel access in an S1G BSS .................................................... 283
10.22.2.6 Sharing an EDCA TXOP......................................................................... 284
10.22.2.7 Multiple frame transmission in an EDCA TXOP.................................... 285
10.22.2.8 TXOP limits............................................................................................. 285
10.22.2.9 Truncation of TXOP ................................................................................ 286
10.22.3 HCF controlled channel access (HCCA) ................................................................. 287
10.22.3.1 General..................................................................................................... 287
10.22.5 Restricted Access Window (RAW) operation ......................................................... 288
10.22.5.1 General..................................................................................................... 288
10.22.5.2 RAW structure and timing....................................................................... 289
10.22.5.3 Slot assignment procedure in RAW......................................................... 290
10.22.5.4 Slotted channel access procedure in RAW .............................................. 291
10.22.5.5 EDCA backoff procedure in generic RAW or triggering frame RAW ... 292
10.22.5.6 EDCA backoff procedure in RAWs other than generic or triggering
frame RAW.............................................................................................. 293
10.22.5.7 RAW Operation with Resource Allocation frame ................................... 293
10.22.5.8 Periodic RAW (PRAW) operation .......................................................... 294
10.24Block acknowledgment (block ack) ....................................................................................... 295
10.24.1 Introduction.............................................................................................................. 295
10.24.2 Setup and modification of the block ack parameters............................................... 295
10.24.5 Teardown of the block ack mechanism ................................................................... 297
10.24.6 Selection of BlockAck and BlockAckReq variants ................................................. 297
10.24.7 HT-immediate block ack extensions........................................................................ 298
10.24.7.3 Scoreboard context control during full-state operation ........................... 298
10.24.7.4 Scoreboard context control during partial-state operation....................... 298
10.24.7.5 Generation and transmission of BlockAck frames by an HT STA,
or DMG STA, or S1G STA ..................................................................... 298
10.24.7.7 Originator’s behavior............................................................................... 299
10.24.8 HT-delayed block ack extensions ............................................................................ 300
10.24.8.2 HT-delayed block ack negotiation........................................................... 300
10.28Reverse direction protocol ...................................................................................................... 300
10.28.1 General..................................................................................................................... 300
10.28.2 Reverse direction (RD) exchange sequence ............................................................ 300
10.28.3 Rules for RD initiator .............................................................................................. 300
10.28.4 Rules for RD responder ........................................................................................... 301
10.29PSMP operation ...................................................................................................................... 301
10.29.1 General..................................................................................................................... 301
10.31Link adaptation ....................................................................................................................... 301
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10.31.1 Introduction.............................................................................................................. 301
10.31.3 Link adaptation using the VHT variant HT Control field ....................................... 301
10.34Null data packet (NDP) sounding ...........................................................................................303
10.34.5 VHT sounding protocol ........................................................................................... 303
10.34.5.1 General..................................................................................................... 303
10.34.5.2 Rules for VHT sounding protocol sequences .......................................... 303
10.34.7 Transmission of an S1G NDP Sounding Frame ...................................................... 303
10.42S1G BSS operation ................................................................................................................. 304
10.42.1 Basic S1G BSS functionality................................................................................... 304
10.42.2 System information update procedure ..................................................................... 306
10.42.3 S1G BSS channel selection methods....................................................................... 306
10.42.4 S1G BSS channel switching methods...................................................................... 307
10.42.5 Scanning requirements for S1G STA ...................................................................... 307
10.42.6 NAV and RID assertion in an S1G BSS.................................................................. 307
10.42.7 BSS basic S1G-MCS and NSS set operation........................................................... 308
10.42.8 S1G coexistence with non-IEEE-802.11 systems.................................................... 308
10.43Target wake time (TWT) ........................................................................................................ 309
10.43.1 TWT overview......................................................................................................... 309
10.43.2 TWT acknowledgment procedure ........................................................................... 311
10.43.3 Explicit TWT operation ........................................................................................... 312
10.43.4 Implicit TWT operation ........................................................................................... 314
10.43.5 TWT grouping ......................................................................................................... 314
10.43.6 NDP Paging Setup ................................................................................................... 315
10.43.7 TWT Sleep Setup..................................................................................................... 317
10.43.8 TWT Teardown........................................................................................................ 317
10.44Non-TIM STA operation ........................................................................................................ 317
10.44.1 Resource protection for non-TIM STAs.................................................................. 317
10.44.1.1 General..................................................................................................... 317
10.44.1.2 Resource protection for non-TIM STAs using periodic RAW (PRAW)
operation .................................................................................................. 318
10.44.2 Rescheduling of awake/doze cycle .......................................................................... 319
10.45Synchronization (Sync) frame operation ................................................................................ 320
10.45.1 Sync frame transmission procedure for uplink traffic ............................................. 320
10.46Bidirectional TXOP ................................................................................................................ 322
10.46.1 Overview.................................................................................................................. 322
10.46.2 Rules for BDT.......................................................................................................... 322
10.47Page Slicing ............................................................................................................................ 324
10.48Subchannel Selective Transmission (SST) ............................................................................. 327
10.48.1 SST overview........................................................................................................... 327
10.48.2 Aperiodic SST operation ......................................................................................... 327
10.48.3 Periodic SST Operation ........................................................................................... 330
10.49Sectorized beam operation...................................................................................................... 331
10.49.1 Introduction.............................................................................................................. 331
10.49.2 Sector Capabilities Exchange .................................................................................. 331
10.49.3 Group sectorization operation.................................................................................. 332
10.49.4 TXOP-based sectorization operation ....................................................................... 333
10.49.5 Sector training operation.......................................................................................... 338
10.49.5.1 Introduction.............................................................................................. 338
10.49.5.2 Procedure ................................................................................................. 338
10.49.5.3 Sector ID feedback................................................................................... 340
10.49.5.4 Fast Sector Discovery .............................................................................. 340
10.50S1G Relay operation............................................................................................................... 340
10.50.1 General..................................................................................................................... 340
10.50.2 S1G Relay operation................................................................................................ 341
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10.50.3 Addressing and forwarding of individually addressed relay frames ....................... 343
10.50.4 Addressing and forwarding of group addressed relay frames ................................. 344
10.50.5 Procedures of TXOP sharing for S1G relay operation ............................................ 345
10.50.5.1 General..................................................................................................... 345
10.50.5.2 Explicit Ack procedure ............................................................................ 346
10.50.5.3 Implicit Ack procedure ............................................................................ 347
10.50.5.4 Relay-shared TXOP protection mechanisms........................................... 348
10.50.6 S1G Relay discovery procedure .............................................................................. 349
10.51Group AID .............................................................................................................................. 349
10.52Traveling Pilot Operation ....................................................................................................... 350
10.53Bitmap Protection for NDP BlockAck frames ....................................................................... 351
10.54Generation of PV1 MPDUs and header compression procedure ........................................... 351
10.55Transmission of an S1G NDP CMAC frame.......................................................................... 353
10.56S1G_Long operation............................................................................................................... 353
10.57S1G flow control..................................................................................................................... 353
10.58Energy limited STAs operation .............................................................................................. 354
10.59S1G BSS type and STA type .................................................................................................. 356
11. MLME ............................................................................................................................................. 357
11.1 Synchronization ....................................................................................................................... 357
11.1.2 Basic approach......................................................................................................... 357
11.1.2.1 TSF for an infrastructure BSS or a PBSS ................................................ 357
11.1.2.2 TSF for an IBSS....................................................................................... 357
11.1.3 Maintaining synchronization ................................................................................... 357
11.1.3.2 Beacon generation in non-DMG infrastructure networks........................ 357
11.1.3.5 Beacon generation in an IBSS ................................................................. 358
11.1.3.8 Multiple BSSID procedure ...................................................................... 358
11.1.3.10 Maintaining synchronization using S1G Beacon frames......................... 359
11.1.4 Acquiring synchronization, scanning ...................................................................... 360
11.1.4.3 Active scanning........................................................................................ 360
11.1.4.4 Initializing a BSS ..................................................................................... 363
11.1.5 Adjusting STA timers .............................................................................................. 363
11.1.6 Terminating a BSS................................................................................................... 364
11.2 Power management.................................................................................................................. 364
11.2.3 Power management in a non-DMG infrastructure network..................................... 364
11.2.3.1 General..................................................................................................... 364
11.2.3.2 Non-AP STA power management modes................................................ 366
11.2.3.3 AP TIM transmissions ............................................................................. 367
11.2.3.4 TIM types................................................................................................. 368
11.2.3.6 AP operation during the CP ..................................................................... 368
11.2.3.8 Receive operation for STAs in PS mode during the CP .......................... 369
11.2.3.20 AP Power management............................................................................ 370
11.3 STA authentication and association.........................................................................................371
11.3.5 Association, reassociation, and disassociation ........................................................ 371
11.3.5.11 Service characteristic indication during association ................................ 371
11.3.9 Authentication Control ............................................................................................ 372
11.3.9.1 General..................................................................................................... 372
11.3.9.2 Centralized authentication control ........................................................... 372
11.3.9.3 Distributed authentication control ........................................................... 373
11.5 Block ack operation ................................................................................................................. 374
11.5.2 Setup and modification of the block ack parameters ............................................... 374
11.5.2.2 Procedure at the originator....................................................................... 374
11.5.2.3 Procedure at the recipient ........................................................................ 374
11.5.2.4 Procedure common to both originator and recipient ............................... 375
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