第
38
卷第
6
期
2012
年
12
月
兰州理工大学学报
Journal
of
Lanzhou
University
of
Technology
文章编号:
1673~5196(2012)06
0066-04
一种大迟延系统的控制方法
马平,李奕杰
(华北电力大学自动化系.河北保定
071000)
Vol.
38
No.
6
Dec.
2012
摘要:大迟延系统在工业生产过程中比较常见但又难以控制,并且大部分工业生产过程都具有非线性的特征,被控
对象的传递函数随负荷的变化而变化.在利用传统串级
PID
对实际系统进行控制的时候,很难得到理想的控制效
果,难以保证控制品质,因此针对此问题提出基于物理机理的
PID
控制方法.该方法的控制策略主要是基于被控对
象和控制过程的物理机理,使其可以不需要经过复杂的计算和补偿环节,取消了串级控制回路,从而使系统结构更
加简单有效,控制性能得到较大改善,可适应大范围负荷变化的需要.由于火电厂主汽温为典型的大惯性、大迟延、
非线性系统,被控对象的传递函数随负荷的变化而改变,所以选取主汽温为被控对象进行仿真实验.实验结果证
明,基于物理机理的
PID
控制与传统串级
PID
相比,可以达到更好的控制效果.
关键词:基于物理机理的
PID
控制;过热汽温;扰动;大迟延
中国分类号:
TP273
文献标识码:
A
’
A control method
of
large delay system
MA
Ping,
LI
Yi-jie
([沁
partment
of
Automation,
North
China
Electric
Power
University,
Baoding
071000,
China)
Abstract:
In
the
industrial
production
process,
the
large
delay
system
is
comparatively
common
and
get
difficult
to
be controlled one.
Most
of
them
are
nonlinear
and
their
transfer
function varies
with
load. U
sing
traditional
serial
PID
for
control
of practical
system,
it is difficult
to
get
an
ideal
control
effect
and
hard
to
ensure
the
control
quality.
In
vi
仨
w
of
above-mentioned
facts,
a physical
mechanism
based
PID
con-
trol
method
was
presented.
Its
control
strategies
were
mainly based
the
physical
mechanism
of
the
con-
trolled
objects
and
control
process
without
complex
calculation
and
compensation
link,
where
the
cascade
control
loop
was
canceled,
so
that
the
system
structure
became
simpler
and
more
effective,
and
its
control
performance
got
very
great
improvement,
meeting
the
requirement
of wide
range
of
load variation.
In
power
plant,
the
main
steam
temperature
is a typical large
inert,
long
delayed,
and
nonlinear
system.
The
transfer
function
of
the
controlled object varies
with
the
load.
Therefore,
the
main
steam
temperature
was
taken
as
the
controlled
object
to
carry
out
the
simulation
experiment.
The
experimental
result
showed
that,
compared
with
the
traditional cascade
PID
control,
the
PID
control
based
on
physical
mechanism
would
be
able
to
achieve
better
control
effect.
Key
words:
physical
mechanism-based
PID
control;
superheated
steam
temperature;
disturbance;
large
delay
大迟延系统在工业生产过程中比较常见但又是
难以控制的,一直是控制界关注的研究方向[
I
]•利用
传统串级
PID
对实际系统进行控制的时候,得到理
想的控制效果相当困难,难以保证控制品质∞.而基
于物理机理的
PID
控制可以很好地解决此问题.
收稿日期:
2012-03
12
作者简介
z
马平(
1961
寸,女,湖南长沙人,教授.
并且通过仿真实验与传统的串级
PID
控制效果比
较,更能突显出基于物理机理的
PID
控制的优势.
1
基于物理机理的
PID
控制
1. 1
传统串级
PID
控制的缺陆
现在工程上针对大惯’性大迟延系统往往采用串
级
PID
控制.串级系统和简单系统有一个显著的区
第
38
卷第
6
期
2012
年
12
月
兰州理工大学学报
Journal
of
Lanzhou
University
of
Technology
文章编号:
1673~5196(2012)06
0066-04
一种大迟延系统的控制方法
马平,李奕杰
(华北电力大学自动化系.河北保定
071000)
Vol.
38
No.
6
Dec.
2012
摘要:大迟延系统在工业生产过程中比较常见但又难以控制,并且大部分工业生产过程都具有非线性的特征,被控
对象的传递函数随负荷的变化而变化.在利用传统串级
PID
对实际系统进行控制的时候,很难得到理想的控制效
果,难以保证控制品质,因此针对此问题提出基于物理机理的
PID
控制方法.该方法的控制策略主要是基于被控对
象和控制过程的物理机理,使其可以不需要经过复杂的计算和补偿环节,取消了串级控制回路,从而使系统结构更
加简单有效,控制性能得到较大改善,可适应大范围负荷变化的需要.由于火电厂主汽温为典型的大惯性、大迟延、
非线性系统,被控对象的传递函数随负荷的变化而改变,所以选取主汽温为被控对象进行仿真实验.实验结果证
明,基于物理机理的
PID
控制与传统串级
PID
相比,可以达到更好的控制效果.
关键词:基于物理机理的
PID
控制;过热汽温;扰动;大迟延
中国分类号:
TP273
文献标识码:
A
’
A control method
of
large delay system
MA
Ping,
LI
Yi-jie
([沁
partment
of
Automation,
North
China
Electric
Power
University,
Baoding
071000,
China)
Abstract:
In
the
industrial
production
process,
the
large
delay
system
is
comparatively
common
and
get
difficult
to
be controlled one.
Most
of
them
are
nonlinear
and
their
transfer
function varies
with
load. U
sing
traditional
serial
PID
for
control
of practical
system,
it is difficult
to
get
an
ideal
control
effect
and
hard
to
ensure
the
control
quality.
In
vi
仨
w
of
above-mentioned
facts,
a physical
mechanism
based
PID
con-
trol
method
was
presented.
Its
control
strategies
were
mainly based
the
physical
mechanism
of
the
con-
trolled
objects
and
control
process
without
complex
calculation
and
compensation
link,
where
the
cascade
control
loop
was
canceled,
so
that
the
system
structure
became
simpler
and
more
effective,
and
its
control
performance
got
very
great
improvement,
meeting
the
requirement
of wide
range
of
load variation.
In
power
plant,
the
main
steam
temperature
is a typical large
inert,
long
delayed,
and
nonlinear
system.
The
transfer
function
of
the
controlled object varies
with
the
load.
Therefore,
the
main
steam
temperature
was
taken
as
the
controlled
object
to
carry
out
the
simulation
experiment.
The
experimental
result
showed
that,
compared
with
the
traditional cascade
PID
control,
the
PID
control
based
on
physical
mechanism
would
be
able
to
achieve
better
control
effect.
Key
words:
physical
mechanism-based
PID
control;
superheated
steam
temperature;
disturbance;
large
delay
大迟延系统在工业生产过程中比较常见但又是
难以控制的,一直是控制界关注的研究方向[
I
]•利用
传统串级
PID
对实际系统进行控制的时候,得到理
想的控制效果相当困难,难以保证控制品质∞.而基
于物理机理的
PID
控制可以很好地解决此问题.
收稿日期:
2012-03
12
作者简介
z
马平(
1961
寸,女,湖南长沙人,教授.
并且通过仿真实验与传统的串级
PID
控制效果比
较,更能突显出基于物理机理的
PID
控制的优势.
1
基于物理机理的
PID
控制
1. 1
传统串级
PID
控制的缺陆
现在工程上针对大惯’性大迟延系统往往采用串
级
PID
控制.串级系统和简单系统有一个显著的区