探索IPv6网络编程的实战指南

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"《IPv6网络编程》是一本专注于IPv6网络编程的专业教材，由Jun-ichiro Ito和Hagino合著，由Elsevier Digital Press出版。这本书在国际多个城市发行，如阿姆斯特丹、波士顿、海德堡、伦敦等地，版权信息注明了2004年Elsevier Inc.所有权利保留。未经书面许可，任何形式的复制、存储、传输都是被禁止的。该书的标题明确表示其主题是针对IPv6，一种先进的互联网协议版本，旨在取代IPv4，提供更大的地址空间和改进的安全性。IPv6网络编程对于现代网络技术的发展至关重要，因为随着互联网设备数量的增长，IPv4地址空间的枯竭成为了严重问题。IPv6的引入使得能够支持更多的设备连接，并提供了更好的路由、多播和安全特性。本书的内容可能包括但不限于IPv6基础知识、网络架构解析、协议栈工作原理、IP地址与路由配置、网络安全措施（如IPsec）、套接字编程、多播通信、IPv6网络服务开发等实用技术。此外，由于强调了编程实践，读者可以期待书中包含大量示例代码和案例分析，帮助读者深入理解并掌握IPv6网络编程的各个方面。在版权方面，读者需通过Elsevier的科学和技术许可部门获得权限，可以通过电话、传真或电子邮件联系，或者在线访问Elsevier网站进行申请。为了保护原著的长期保存，Elsevier采用了酸性纸张印刷，确保书籍质量。《IPv6网络编程》是一本对IT专业人士和网络开发人员极其有价值的参考资料，提供了全面而深入的IPv6网络编程教程，帮助读者适应和利用这一新兴技术趋势。"

1.1.4 Simplified Header Structures

IPv6 has simpler packet header structures than IPv4. It will allow vendors to imple

ment hardware acceleration for IPv6 routers easier.

1.1.5 Allows Flexible Protocol Extensions

IPv6 allows more flexible protocol extensions than IPv4 by introducing a protocol

header chain. Even though IPv6 allows flexible protocol extensions, IPv6 does not

impose overhead to intermediate routers. It is achieved by splitting headers into two

flavors: the headers intermediate routers need to examine and the headers the final des

tination will examine. This also eases hardware acceleration for IPv6 routers.

1.1.6 Smooth Transition from IPv4

There were a number of transition considerations made during the IPv6 discussions.

Also, there is a large number of transition mechanisms available. You can pick the most

suitable one for your network during the transition period.

1.1.7 Follows the Key Design Principles of IPv4

IPv4 was a very successful design, as proven by the large-scale global deployment. IPv6

is a new version of IP, and it follows many of the design features that made IPv4 very

successful. This will also allow smooth transition from IPv4 to IPv6.

1.1.8 And More

There are number of good books available about IPv6. Be sure to check these if you are

interested.

Chapter 1

1.1 A History of IPv6 and Its Key Features 3

Protocol Header Chain

IPv6 defines a protocol header chain, which is a way to concatenate extension

headers repeatedly after the IPv6 base header. With IPv4, the IPv4 header is adja

cent to the final header (like TCP). With IPv6, the protocol header chain allows

various extension headers to be put between the IPv6 base header and the final

header.

IPv6 header

Next Header = Routing

Routing header

Next Header = Fragment

Fragment header

Next Header = TCP

Fragment of TCP

header + data

1.2 Transition from IPv4-Only Internet to IPv4/v6 Dual

Stack Internet

Today, most of the nodes on the Internet use IPv4. We will need to gradually intro

duce IPv6 to the Internet and hopefully make all nodes on the Internet IPv6-capable.

To do this, the IETF has carefully designed IPv6 migration to be seamless. This is

achieved by the following two key technologies:

■

Dual stack

■

Tunneling

With these technologies, we can transition to IPv6 even though IPv4 and IPv6 are

not compatible (IPv4-only devices and IPv6-only devices cannot talk with each other

directly). We will go into the details soon.

It is expected that we will have a long period of IPv4/v6 dual stack Internet, due to

the wide deployment of IPv4 devices. For instance, some of the existing devices, such

as IPv4-capable game machines, may not be able to be upgraded to IPv6.

Therefore, in this book, we would like to focus on the issues regarding the transi-

tion from IPv4-only Internet to IPv4/v6 dual stack Internet and the changes in socket

API programming.

1.2.1 Dual stack

At least in the early stage of IPv6 deployment, IPv6-capable nodes are assumed to be

IPv4-capable. They are called “IPv4/v6 dual stack nodes” or “dual stack nodes.” Dual

stack nodes will use IPv4 to communicate with IPv4 nodes, and use IPv6 to com-

municate with IPv6 nodes. It is just like a bilingual person—he or she will use English

when talking to people in the States, and will use Japanese when talking to Japanese

people.

The determination of protocol version is automatic, based on available DNS

records. Because this is based on DNS, and normal users would use fully qualified

domain name (FQDN) in email addresses and URLs, the transition from IPv4 to

IPv6 is invisible to normal users. For instance, assume that we have a dual stack

node, and we are to access http://www.example.com/. A dual stack node will behave as

follows:

■

If www.example.com resolves to an IPv4 address, connect to the IPv4 address.

In such a case, the DNS database record for www.example.com will be as

follows:

4 1.2 Transition from IPv4-Only Internet to IPv4/v6 Dual Stack Internet

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