G.709协议详解:OTN映射与维护

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"OTN709协议解析" 本文档详细解读了G.709协议,该协议是光传送网(OTN)的基础,用于规范光网元间的信号传输、复用、选路、管理和监控等功能。OTN是一种按照G.872标准构建的网络,通过光纤链路将多个光网元互联,提供客户层信号的服务。 1. G.709协议与其他标准的关系: - OTN定义:G.709定义了光传输网络的架构和操作,包括其基本组件和操作方式。 - 相关标准:G.709与G.872等其他标准相互关联,共同构成了光网络的标准体系。 - 标准之间关系:G.709详细规定了OTN的帧结构、映射方法和维护机制,与G.872一起定义了OTN的整体框架和功能。 2. OTN功能模块介绍: - OTU功能模块:处理OTN的最外层,负责传输和再生OTN帧。 - 光复用段功能模块:处理复用和解复用过程,将不同速率的信号合并或分离。 - 光传送功能模块:提供网络层面的连接和管理,确保数据的可靠传输。 - OTM线路信号:OTN的承载信号,如OTM-0、OTM-1等,表示不同级别的数据速率。 3. 映射结构: - OTM复用/映射结构:定义了不同级别的ODU(光数据单元)如何映射到OTU(光通道传输单元)中。 - OTM的比特率和容量:每个OTM级别对应不同的比特率,提供了灵活的带宽分配。 4. OTUk和ODUk的帧结构: - 帧定位开销字节:帮助系统识别和同步帧的起始位置。 - OTUk和ODUk开销:包含多种开销字节,用于错误检测、性能监控、告警指示和网络管理。 - 例如,SM开销用于帧同步,GCC0用于通用通信,TCM用于串联直通连接监视,FTFL用于故障上报等。 5. 维护: - 包括各种维护信号,如OTS、OMS、OCh和OTUk、ODUk的维护信号,用于网络的故障检测、诊断和恢复。 6. 告警: - FAS帧告警(如OTU_LOF/OTU_OOF)和MFAS复帧告警(如OTU_LOM/OTU_OOM)等,用于指示帧同步丢失或帧失步状态,帮助识别网络问题。 G.709协议是OTN的核心,它不仅定义了OTN的物理层特性,还涵盖了网络层的诸多方面,如信号映射、帧结构、维护机制和故障处理。理解并掌握G.709协议对于设计、部署和维护光传送网络至关重要。华为的这份文档详细解读了协议的关键点,对OTN的操作和维护具有极高的参考价值。
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1 Scope 11 2 References 11 3 Terms and definitions 12 4 Abbreviations 14 5 Conventions 17 6 Optical transport network interface structure 18 6.1 Basic signal structure 19 6.1.1 OCh substructure 19 6.1.2 Full functionality OTM n.m (n ≥ 1) structure 19 6.1.3 Reduced functionality OTM nr.m and OTM 0.m structure 20 6.2 Information structure for the OTN interfaces 20 7 Multiplexing/mapping principles and bit rates 24 7.1 Mapping 26 7.2 Wavelength division multiplex 27 7.3 Bit rates and capacity 27 7.4 ODUk Time Division Multiplex 28 8 Optical transport module (OTM n.m, OTM nr.m, OTM 0.m) 30 8.1 OTM with reduced functionality (OTM 0.m, OTM nr.m, OTM-0v.m) 30 8.1.1 OTM 0.m 31 8.1.2 OTM nr.m 31 8.1.2.1 OTM 16r.m 31 8.1.2.2 OTM 32r.m 33 8.1.3 OTM 0v.m Error! Bookmark not defined. 8.2 OTM with full functionality (OTM n.m) 35 9 Physical specification of the ONNI 37 9.1 OTM 0.m 37 9.2 OTM nr.m 37 9.2.1 OTM 16r.m 37 9.2.2 OTM 32r.m 37 9.3 OTM n.m 37 9.3 OTM 0v.m Error! Bookmark not defined. 10 Optical channel (OCh) 37 10.1 OCh with full functionality (OCh) 37 10.2 OCh with reduced functionality (OChr) 38 11 Optical channel transport unit (OTU) 38 11.1 OTUk frame structure 38 11.2 Scrambling 40 12 Optical channel data unit (ODUk) 40 12.1 ODUk frame structure 40 13 Optical channel payload unit (OPUk) 41 14 OTM overhead signal (OOS) 41 15 Overhead description 41 15.1 Types of overhead 43 15.1.1 Optical channel payload unit overhead (OPUk OH) 43 15.1.2 Optical channel data unit overhead (ODUk OH) 43 15.1.3 Optical channel transport unit overhead (OTUk OH) 44 15.1.4 Optical channel non-associated overhead (OCh OH) 44 15.1.5 Optical multiplex section overhead (OMS OH) 44 15.1.6 Optical transmission section overhead (OTS OH) 44 15.1.7 General management communications overhead (COMMS OH) 44 15.2 Trail trace identifier and access point identifier definition 44 15.3 OTS OH description 46 15.3.1 OTS trail trace identifier (TTI) 46 15.3.2 OTS backward defect indication – Payload (BDI-P) 46 15.3.3 OTS backward defect indication – Overhead (BDI-O) 46 15.3.4 OTS payload missing indication (PMI) 46 15.4 OMS OH description 47 15.4.1 OMS forward defect indication – Payload (FDI-P) 47 15.4.2 OMS forward defect indication – Overhead (FDI-O) 47 15.4.3 OMS backward defect indication – Payload (BDI-P) 47 15.4.4 OMS backward defect indication – Overhead (BDI-O) 47 15.4.5 OMS payload missing indication (PMI) 47 15.5 OCh OH description 47 15.5.1 OCh forward defect indication – Payload (FDI-P) 47 15.5.2 OCh forward defect indication – Overhead (FDI-O) 47 15.5.3 OCh open connection indication (OCI) 47 15.6 OTUk/ODUk frame alignment OH description 48 15.6.1 OTUk/ODUk frame alignment overhead location 48 15.6.2 OTUk/ODUk frame alignment overhead definition 48 15.6.2.1 Frame alignment signal (FAS) 48 15.6.2.2 Multiframe alignment signal (MFAS) 48 15.7 OTUk OH description 49 15.7.1 OTUk overhead location 49 15.7.2 OTUk overhead definition 50 15.7.2.1 OTUk section monitoring (SM) overhead 50 15.7.2.1.1 OTUk SM trail trace identifier (TTI) 50 15.7.2.1.2 OTUk SM error detection code (BIP-8) 50 15.7.2.1.3 OTUk SM backward defect indication (BDI) 51 15.7.2.1.4 OTUk SM backward error indication and backward incoming alignment error (BEI/BIAE) 51 15.7.2.1.5 OTUk SM incoming alignment error overhead (IAE) 52 15.7.2.1.6 OTUk SM reserved overhead (RES) 52 15.7.2.2 OTUk general communication channel 0 (GCC0) 52 15.7.2.3 OTUk reserved overhead (RES) 52 15.7.3 OTUkV overhead 52 15.8 ODUk OH description 53 15.8.1 ODUk OH location 53 15.8.2 ODUk OH definition 54 15.8.2.1 ODUk path monitoring (PM) overhead 54 15.8.2.1.1 ODUk PM trail trace identifier (TTI) 54 15.8.2.1.2 ODUk PM error detection code (BIP-8) 54 15.8.2.1.3 ODUk PM backward defect indication (BDI) 55 15.8.2.1.4 ODUk PM backward error indication (BEI) 55 15.8.2.1.5 ODUk PM status (STAT) 56 15.8.2.2 ODUk tandem connection monitoring (TCM) overhead 56 15.8.2.2.1 ODUk TCM trail trace identifier (TTI) 58 15.8.2.2.2 ODUk TCM error detection code (BIP-8) 59 15.8.2.2.3 ODUk TCM backward defect indication (BDI) 59 15.8.2.2.4 ODUk TCM backward error indication (BEI) and backward incoming alignment error (BIAE) 59 15.8.2.2.5 ODUk TCM status (STAT) 60 15.8.2.2.6 TCM overhead field assignment 61 15.8.2.2.7 ODUk tandem connection monitoring activation/deactivation coordination protocol 62 15.8.2.3 ODUk general communication channels (GCC1, GCC2) 62 15.8.2.4 ODUk automatic protection switching and protection communication channel (APS/PCC) 62 15.8.2.5 ODUk fault type and fault location reporting communication channel (FTFL) 63 15.8.2.5.1 Forward/backward fault type indication field 63 15.8.2.5.2 Forward/backward operator identifier field 64 15.8.2.5.3 Forward/backward operator specific field 65 15.8.2.6 ODUk experimental overhead (EXP) 65 15.8.2.7 ODUk reserved overhead (RES) 65 15.9 OPUk OH description 65 15.9.1 OPUk OH location 65 15.9.2 OPUk OH definition 66 15.9.2.1 OPUk payload structure identifier (PSI) 66 15.9.2.1.1 OPUk payload type (PT) 66 15.9.2.2 OPUk mapping specific overhead 67 16 Maintenance signals 67 16.1 OTS maintenance signals 68 16.1.1 OTS payload missing indication (OTS-PMI) 68 16.2 OMS maintenance signals 68 16.2.1 OMS forward defect indication – Payload (OMS-FDI-P) 68 16.2.2 OMS forward defect indication – Overhead (OMS-FDI-O) 68 16.2.3 OMS payload missing indication (OMS-PMI) 68 16.3 OCh maintenance signals 68 16.3.1 OCh forward defect indication – Payload (OCh-FDI-P) 68 16.3.2 OCh forward defect indication – Overhead (OCh-FDI-O) 68 16.3.3 OCh open connection indication (OCh-OCI) 68 16.4 OTUk maintenance signals 68 16.4.1 OTUk alarm indication signal (OTUk-AIS) 68 16.5 ODUk maintenance signals 69 16.5.1 ODUk alarm indication signal (ODUk-AIS) 69 16.5.2 ODUk open connection indication (ODUk-OCI) 69 16.5.3 ODUk locked (ODUk-LCK) 70 16.6 Client maintenance signal 71 16.6.1 Generic AIS for constant bit rate signals 71 17 Mapping of client signals 72 17.1 Mapping of CBR2G5, CBR10G, CBR10G3 and CBR40G signals (e.g., STM-16/64/256, 10GBASE-R) into OPUk 72 17.1.1 Mapping a CBR2G5 signal (e.g., STM-16) into OPU1 74 17.1.2 Mapping a CBR10G signal (e.g., STM-64) into OPU2 75 17.1.3 Mapping a CBR40G signal (e.g. STM-256) into OPU3 75 17.1.4 Mapping a CBR10G3125 signal (e.g., 10GBASE-xR) into OPU2e 76 17.2 Mapping of ATM cell stream into OPUk 76 17.3 Mapping of GFP frames into OPUk 77 17.4 Mapping of test signal into OPUk 78 17.4.1 Mapping of a NULL client into OPUk 78 17.4.2 Mapping of PRBS test signal into OPUk 78 17.5 Mapping of a non-specific client bit stream into OPUk 79 17.5.1 Mapping bit stream with octet timing into OPUk 80 17.5.2 Mapping bit stream without octet timing into OPUk 80 17.6 Mapping of other constant bit-rate signals with justification into OPUk 80 17.7 Mapping a 1000BASE-X and FC-1200 signal via timing transparent transcoding into OPUk 80 17.7.1 Mapping a 1000BASE-X signal into OPU0 81 17.7.2 Mapping a FC-1200 signal into OPU2e 88 18 Concatenation 88 18.1 Virtual concatenation of OPUk 91 18.1.1 Virtual concatenated OPUk (OPUk-Xv, k = 1 .. 3, X = 1 .. 256) 91 18.1.2 OPUk-Xv OH description 92 18.1.2.1 OPUk-Xv OH location 92 18.1.2.2 OPUk-Xv OH definition 93 18.1.2.2.1 OPUk-Xv Payload Structure Identifier (PSI) 93 18.1.2.2.1.1 OPUk-Xv Payload Type (vcPT) 93 18.1.2.2.1.2 OPUk-Xv Payload Structure Identifier Reserved overhead (RES) 94 18.1.2.2.2 OPUk-Xv Virtual Concatenation Overhead (VCOH1/2/3) 94 18.1.2.2.2.1 OPUk-Xv Virtual Concatenation MultiFrame Indicator (MFI1, MFI2) 94 18.1.2.2.2.2 OPUk-Xv Sequence Indicator (SQ) 95 18.1.2.2.2.3 OPUk-Xv LCAS Control Words (CTRL) 95 18.1.2.2.2.4 OPUk-Xv LCAS Member Status Field (MST) 95 18.1.2.2.2.5 OPUk-Xv LCAS Group Identification (GID) 95 18.1.2.2.2.6 OPUk-Xv LCAS Re-Sequence Acknowledge (RS-Ack) 95 18.1.2.2.2.7 OPUk-Xv LCAS Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) 96 18.1.2.2.2.8 OPUk-Xv VCOH Reserved Overhead 96 18.1.2.2.3 OPUk Mapping Specific Overhead 96 18.2 Mapping of client signals 96 18.2.1 Mapping of CBR signals (e.g., STM-64/256) into OPUk-4v 96 18.2.1.1 Mapping a CBR10G signal (e.g. STM-64) into OPU1-4v 97 18.2.1.2 Mapping a CBR40G signal (e.g. STM-256) into OPU2-4v 98 18.2.2 Mapping of CBR signals (e.g., STM-256) into OPUk-16v 98 18.2.2.1 Mapping a CBR40G signal (e.g., STM-256) into OPU1-16v 100 18.2.3 Mapping of ATM cell stream into OPUk-Xv 101 18.2.4 Mapping of GFP frames into OPUk-Xv 102 18.2.5 Mapping of test signal into OPUk-Xv 102 18.2.5.1 Mapping of a NULL client into OPUk-Xv 102 18.2.5.2 Mapping of PRBS test signal into OPUk-Xv 103 18.2.6 Mapping of a non-specific client bit stream into OPUk-Xv 104 18.2.6.1 Mapping bit stream with octet timing into OPUk-Xv 105 18.2.6.2 Mapping bit stream without octet timing into OPUk-Xv 105 18.3 LCAS for virtual concatenation 105 19 Mapping ODUj signals into the ODTUjk and ODTU? signals 105 19.1 OPUk Tributary Slot definition 105 19.1.1 OPU2 Tributary Slot allocation 106 19.1.2 OPU3 Tributary Slot allocation 107 19.1.3 OPU4 Tributary Slot allocation 110 19.1.4 OPU1 Tributary Slot allocation 109 19.2 ODTUjk and ODTU? definitions 110 19.2.1 ODTU12 110 19.2.2 ODTU13 110 19.2.3 ODTU23 110 19.2.7 ODTU01 110 19.2.8 ODTU? Error! Bookmark not defined. 19.3 Multiplexing ODTUjk and ODTU? signals into the OPUk 111 19.3.1 ODTU12 mapping into one OPU2 2.5G Tributary Slot 111 19.3.2 ODTU13 mapping into one OPU3 2.5G Tributary Slot 112 19.3.3 ODTU23 mapping into four OPU3 2.5G Tributary Slots 113 19.3.4 ODTU01 mapping into one OPU1 1.25G Tributary Slot 114 19.4 OPUk Multiplex Overhead 115 19.4.1 OPUk Multiplex Structure Identifier (MSI) 118 19.4.1.1 OPU2 Multiplex Structure Identifier (MSI) 119 19.4.1.2 OPU3 Multiplex Structure Identifier (MSI) 119 19.4.1.3 OPU4 Multiplex Structure Identifier (MSI) 120 19.4.1.4 OPU1 Multiplex Structure Identifier (MSI) Error! Bookmark not defined. 19.4.2 OPUk Payload Structure Identifier Reserved overhead (RES) 120 19.4.3 OPUk Multiplex Justification Overhead (JOH) 121 19.4.3.1 Asynchronous Mapping Procedure Error! Bookmark not defined. 19.4.3.2 Asynchronous Generic Mapping Procedure Error! Bookmark not defined. 19.4.4 OPU4 Multi Frame Identifier overhead (OMFI) 121 19.5 Mapping ODUj into ODTUjk 121 19.5.1 Mapping ODU1 into ODTU12 122 19.5.2 Mapping ODU1 into ODTU13 123 19.5.3 Mapping ODU2 into ODTU23 124 19.5.4 Mapping ODU0 into ODTU01 126 ODU0 into OPUk Tributary Slot Mapping Error! Bookmark not defined. 19.6 Mapping ODUj into ODTU