1995-2005年教育数据挖掘综述:技术应用与前景展望

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教育数据挖掘:1995年至2005年的回顾与综述 随着信息技术的发展,教育领域对数据挖掘的需求日益增长,这使得教育数据挖掘成为一个新兴的研究领域。本文《教育数据挖掘:1995至2005年的调查》由C.Romero和S.Ventura两位作者撰写,发表于2006年,主要探讨了数据挖掘在传统教育系统、基于网络的课程、知名学习内容管理系统以及适应性和智能的网络教育系统中的应用。这些系统各自具有不同的数据源和挖掘目标,例如学生行为数据、课程内容、学习路径等。 首先,文章指出教育数据挖掘的应用范围广泛,涵盖了从基础的数据预处理(如清洗、整合和格式化)到各种数据挖掘技术的运用。这些技术包括统计分析和可视化,用于理解数据的分布和趋势;聚类、分类和异常检测,帮助识别学生的学习模式和问题;关联规则挖掘和模式发现,揭示学生行为之间的潜在关联;以及文本挖掘,深入解析学生的文字反馈和讨论。 其次,文章强调了教育数据挖掘取得成功的关键在于更加专业化的研究。这意味着需要针对教育领域的特定需求和挑战,设计更为精确的算法和模型,同时考虑到隐私保护和伦理问题。随着大数据时代的到来,如何有效利用学生数据以提升教学效果、个性化学习体验以及优化教育资源分配成为教育数据挖掘的重要课题。 此外,文中提到了关键词“数据挖掘”、“教育系统”、“网络挖掘”和“网络教育系统”,这些都是理解本研究背景和核心概念的关键。1995年至2005年间,随着互联网的普及,网络教育环境的兴起推动了教育数据挖掘技术的发展,而这个时期的研究成果为后续的学术发展奠定了基础。 这篇综述性文章详细梳理了教育数据挖掘早期的发展历程,展示了其在传统和在线教育环境中的应用实例,以及未来研究需要关注的重点方向。它不仅回顾了当时的成就,也对未来教育数据挖掘的深入研究和发展提出了期待。对于教育工作者、研究人员和政策制定者来说,理解和掌握这些技术及其在教育领域的应用至关重要。

Shifts in China’s Rural and Urban Population: 2000-2020 The bar chart clearly reveals that from 2000 to 2020, while the total population in China increased moderately from 1.25 billion to 1.41 billion, population in urban and rural areas experienced dramatic shifts in different directions. Urban population rose from 450 million in 2000 to 670 million in 2010 and 900 million in 2020; contrastingly, rural population declined from 800 million in 2000 to 680 million in 2010 and 510 million in 2020. The population gap narrowed largely because of the joint effects of urbanization, unequal economic opportunities in rural and urban areas, and the expansion of higher education. In the first place, there was a large-scale urban sprawl during this period. Places which had been part of the vast countryside were incorporated into cities, causing hundreds of millions of rural dwellers to be passively transformed into urban residents. What’s more, while urban living standards improved greatly in these years, few economic opportunities fell on rural areas and most peasant families remained at the poverty line. Poverty prompted the call for change, leading a large quantity of healthy young peasants to leave their hometowns and flock to cities for a better living. Last but not least, China’s higher education grew at an unprecedented rate in these years. More high school graduates than ever before entered colleges and universities, most of whom preferred to stay in urban areas after graduation for personal development. The increase in urban population was a sure indication of economic and educational achievements in China. It benefited the country in many aspects, relieving the shortage of labor force in cities, lessening the burden of peasants to support their families, and affording young people from rural areas more opportunities to display their talents. However, the migration of rural residents into urban areas inevitably brought about disadvantages. Some of them, such as waste of arable land and left-behind children in the countryside, as well as traffic congestion and soaring housing prices in cities, have already called the attention of the government and corresponding measures have begun to take effect. But others, especially the inability of many peasants to integrate into urban life due to their lack of education and civilized habits, have long been neglected. In this sense, we cannot be satisfied with the superficially optimistic figures in the chart, but should endeavor to foster the integration of these newcomers by providing them with adequate assistance in educational and cultural aspects, so that they can find easier access to the prosperity and convenience of urban life and be more fully devoted to the development of cities.翻译成英文版两百单词左右的文章

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