Pro*FORTRAN补充文档：Oracle 11g预编译器指南

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Pro*FORTRAN®是Oracle数据库环境下的高级编程接口，专为Fortran语言设计，旨在优化与Oracle数据库的交互。这个补充文档是针对Oracle Precompilers Guide 11g Release 2（11.2）版本的，编号为E10828-01，发布日期为2009年7月。该文档的主要作者是Simon Watt，而贡献者包括Arun Desai、Mallikharjun Vemana、Subhranshu Banerjee、Radhakrishnan Hari、Nancy Ikeda、Ken Jacobs、Tim Smith、Scott Urman等专业人士。在11g Release 2中，Pro*FORTRAN提供了增强的预编译器支持，使得Fortran程序员能够更高效地利用Oracle的数据库功能，如存储过程、数据类型映射、异常处理和性能优化。它可能包含了如何通过Fortran调用Oracle存储过程、使用Oracle的ADTs（Application Definition Templates）进行数据类型转换以及如何利用Oracle的PL/SQL库等功能的具体指导。然而，这份文档是受版权保护的，用户必须遵守Oracle的许可证协议，禁止未经许可的复制、修改、分发或公开展示软件的任何部分。此外，软件的反向工程、解体或反编译仅在法律要求为了实现兼容性时才被允许。这意味着用户在使用时必须尊重知识产权，并且如果有发现错误，应通过正式渠道向Oracle报告。该文档强调了其内容可能会随时更改，并且不保证无误。因此，读者在使用时需要保持更新，确保信息的准确性和适用性。Pro*FORTRAN Supplement to the Oracle Precompilers Guide 11g-124是为Fortran开发者提供在Oracle环境中高效编程的关键参考资料，帮助他们充分利用Oracle数据库的强大功能。

Host Variable Names

1-6 Pro*FORTRAN Supplement to the Oracle Precompilers Guide

Logical and Relational Operators

Logical and relational operators are different for FORTRAN and SQL, as shown in the

following tables, respectively. For example, the SQL operators do not have leading and

trailing periods, as shown in table 1-1 and table 1-2.

Logical and relational FORTRAN operators are not allowed in SQL statements.

MAXLITERAL Default

With the MAXLITERAL precompiler option, you can specify the maximum length of

string literals generated by the precompiler, so that compiler limits are not exceeded.

For Pro*FORTRAN, the default value is 1000, but you might need to specify a lower

value.

For example, if your FORTRAN compiler cannot handle string literals longer than 512

characters, specify MAXLITERAL=512. Check your FORTRAN compiler user's guide.

Nulls

In SQL, a null represents a missing, unknown, or inapplicable column value; it equates

neither to zero nor to a blank. Use the NVL function to convert nulls to non-null

values, use the IS [NOT] NULL comparison operator to search for nulls, and use

indicator variables to insert and test for nulls.

Program Units

In FORTRAN, a program unit is a function, subroutine, or main program. In

Pro*FORTRAN, an input file contains one or more program units.

If a program unit contains SQL statements, it must

■ define all local host variables in its Declare Section

Table 1–1 Logical Operators

SQL Operators FORTRAN Operators

NOT .NOT.

AND .AND.

OR .OR.

-- .EQV.

-- .NEQV.

Table 1–2 Relational Operator

SQL Operators

FORTRAN

operators

=.EQ.

<>, !=, ^= .NE.

>.GT.

<.LT.

>= .GE.

<= .LE.

Scope of Host Variables

Writing a Pro*FORTRAN Program 1-7

■ INCLUDE the SQLCA when MODE={ORACLE|ANSI13}

■ declare a variable named SQLATA or SQLCOD inside or outside the Declare

Section when MODE={ANSI|ANSI14}

■ INCLUDE the ORACA if you specify ORACA=YES

Multiple program units can contain SQL statements. For example, you can DECLARE

a cursor in one program unit, OPEN it in another, FETCH from it in yet another, and

CLOSE it in still another as long as they are in the same file.

Scope of Host Variables

The scoping rules for FORTRAN identifiers apply to host variables. Host variables

declared in a program unit are local to that unit, and host variables declared in the

main program are not global. So, all host variables used in a program unit must be

declared in that unit in the Declare Section.

Statement Labels

You can associate FORTRAN numeric statement labels (1 - 99999) with SQL

statements, as shown in the following example:

* Insert row into employee table.

500 EXEC SQL INSERT INTO EMP (EMPNO, ENAME, JOB, DEPTNO)

1 VALUES (:ENUM, :ENAM, :EJOB, :DNUM)

And, you can reference statement labels in a WHENEVER DO or WHENEVER GOTO

statement, as this example shows:

* Handle SQL execution errors.

EXEC SQL WHENEVER SQLERROR GOTO 900

...

* SQLEMC stores the Oracle error code and message.

900 WRITE (*, 8500) SQLEMC

8500 FORMAT (1X, 70A1)

...

Statement labels must be coded in columns 1 through 5, and must not appear in

continuation lines. Statement labels may consist of alphanumeric characters, only; the

special characters, underscore ( _ ), hyphen (-), and dollar sign ($) are not allowed.

The Pro*FORTRAN Precompiler does not use statement labels in generated code.

Therefore, the BEGLABEL and ENDLABEL options that were available in earlier

Pro*FORTRAN versions are not supported in this version and will return an

informational message if found.

Statement Terminator

Embedded SQL statements are terminated by an end-of-line, as the following example

shows:

* Delete employee.

EXEC SQL DELETE FROM EMP WHERE EMPNO = :ENUM

However, a continuation character on the next line overrides an end-of-line.

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