ATMEGA328P-AUR：高性能低功耗AVR微控制器

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"ATMEGA328P-AUR是一款高性能、低功耗的AVR系列8位微控制器，由Atmel公司（现被Microchip Technology收购）设计制造。这款芯片以其高效能和丰富的功能集而著称，广泛应用于各种嵌入式系统设计中。" ATMEGA328P-AUR的特性包括： 1. **高级RISC架构**：其内部采用131条强大的指令，大多数指令可在单个时钟周期内执行，提供高达20 MIPS（每秒百万指令）的吞吐量，当工作频率为20MHz时。这种高效能架构使得ATMEGA328P能够快速处理复杂的计算任务。 2. **内存配置**：该微控制器拥有不同容量的非易失性存储器，包括4/8/16/32KB的在系统可自编程Flash程序存储器，256/512/512/1KB的EEPROM，以及512/1K/1K/2KB的内部静态RAM（SRAM）。Flash和EEPROM具有高耐久性，可分别承受10,000次和100,000次的写/擦除循环，并能确保数据在特定温度下长期保存（20年在85°C，100年在25°C）。 3. **在系统编程**：ATMEGA328P支持在系统编程（ISP），通过芯片内的引导加载程序可以实现程序的在线更新，且具备真正的读写同时操作能力。此外，还提供了编程锁功能，用于保障软件安全。 4. **外设功能**：包括两个8位定时器/计数器，每个都有独立的预分频器和比较模式；一个16位定时器/计数器，带有独立预分频器、比较模式和捕获模式；一个实时计数器，带有单独的振荡器；6个PWM通道；以及8通道或6通道（取决于封装类型）10位ADC，支持温度测量。这些特性使得ATMEGA328P-AUR成为许多嵌入式应用的理想选择，如物联网设备、智能家居、工业控制、传感器接口、电源管理等。其高效的处理能力和丰富的外设使其能够应对多种复杂任务，同时，其低功耗特性使得它在电池供电的便携式设备中尤其受到青睐。开发者可以利用这些特性轻松地构建和扩展他们的项目，实现高效能、低能耗的系统设计。

8271BS–AVR–04/10

ATmega48A/48PA/88A/88PA/168A/168PA/328/328P

registers to be accessed in one single instruction executed in one clock cycle. The resulting

architecture is more code efficient while achieving throughputs up to ten times faster than con-

ventional CISC microcontrollers.

The ATmega48A/48PA/88A/88PA/168A/168PA/328/328P provides the following features:

4K/8K bytes of In-System Programmable Flash with Read-While-Write capabilities,

256/512/512/1K bytes EEPROM, 512/1K/1K/2K bytes SRAM, 23 general purpose I/O lines, 32

general purpose working registers, three flexible Timer/Counters with compare modes, internal

and external interrupts, a serial programmable USART, a byte-oriented 2-wire Serial Interface,

an SPI serial port, a 6-channel 10-bit ADC (8 channels in TQFP and QFN/MLF packages), a pro-

grammable Watchdog Timer with internal Oscillator, and five software selectable power saving

modes. The Idle mode stops the CPU while allowing the SRAM, Timer/Counters, USART, 2-wire

Serial Interface, SPI port, and interrupt system to continue functioning. The Power-down mode

saves the register contents but freezes the Oscillator, disabling all other chip functions until the

next interrupt or hardware reset. In Power-save mode, the asynchronous timer continues to run,

allowing the user to maintain a timer base while the rest of the device is sleeping. The ADC

Noise Reduction mode stops the CPU and all I/O modules except asynchronous timer and ADC,

to minimize switching noise during ADC conversions. In Standby mode, the crystal/resonator

Oscillator is running while the rest of the device is sleeping. This allows very fast start-up com-

bined with low power consumption.

The device is manufactured using Atmel’s high density non-volatile memory technology. The

On-chip ISP Flash allows the program memory to be reprogrammed In-System through an SPI

serial interface, by a conventional non-volatile memory programmer, or by an On-chip Boot pro-

gram running on the AVR core. The Boot program can use any interface to download the

application program in the Application Flash memory. Software in the Boot Flash section will

continue to run while the Application Flash section is updated, providing true Read-While-Write

operation. By combining an 8-bit RISC CPU with In-System Self-Programmable Flash on a

monolithic chip, the Atmel ATmega48A/48PA/88A/88PA/168A/168PA/328/328P is a powerful

microcontroller that provides a highly flexible and cost effective solution to many embedded con-

trol applications.

The ATmega48A/48PA/88A/88PA/168A/168PA/328/328P AVR is supported with a full suite of

program and system development tools including: C Compilers, Macro Assemblers, Program

Debugger/Simulators, In-Circuit Emulators, and Evaluation kits.

2.2 Comparison Between Processors

The ATmega48A/48PA/88A/88PA/168A/168PA/328/328P differ only in memory sizes, boot

loader support, and interrupt vector sizes. Table 2-1 summarizes the different memory and inter-

rupt vector sizes for the devices.

Table 2-1. Memory Size Summary

Device Flash EEPROM RAM Interrupt Vector Size

ATmega48A 4K Bytes 256 Bytes 512 Bytes 1 instruction word/vector

ATmega48PA 4K Bytes 256 Bytes 512 Bytes 1 instruction word/vector

ATmega88A 8K Bytes 512 Bytes 1K Bytes 1 instruction word/vector

ATmega88PA 8K Bytes 512 Bytes 1K Bytes 1 instruction word/vector

ATmega168A 16K Bytes 512 Bytes 1K Bytes 2 instruction words/vector

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