Oracle Solaris 9调优参数手册：817-1759.pdf详析

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Oracle Solaris 9 - Solaris Tunable Parameters Reference Manual是Sun Microsystems, Inc. 发布的一份技术文档，旨在提供对Solaris操作系统内可调整参数的详尽指导。这份817-1759.pdf文件涵盖了在Solaris 9环境中管理和优化系统性能的关键要素，包括硬件和软件配置的可配置设置。该手册的核心内容围绕以下几个方面展开： 1. **系统概述**：介绍什么是Solaris tunable parameters（可调参数），它们如何影响系统的性能、安全性和资源管理。这些参数允许管理员根据特定环境的需求动态调整系统行为，以达到最佳性能。 2. **分类与范围**：文档详细列出了各类可调参数，如内存管理、CPU调度、网络、磁盘I/O、安全控制等，每个类别下都有特定的参数及其作用。 3. **调整原则**：提供关于调整参数时应遵循的最佳实践，包括何时进行调整、如何评估调整效果、以及潜在的风险和注意事项。 4. **命令行工具和管理界面**：介绍使用命令行工具如`sysctl`、`zonesadm`、`stability`等进行参数设置的方法，同时也可能提到图形化管理工具如SMIT（System Management Interface Tool）的作用。 5. **安全影响**：强调某些参数调整可能带来的安全后果，如打开或关闭特定服务，可能会增加系统漏洞或降低防护能力。 6. **版本兼容性**：确保读者了解不同版本的Solaris可能有不同的默认参数设置，并可能需要根据升级过程中的变迁进行相应的调整。 7. **许可证与版权**：文档明确指出所有内容受版权保护，未经许可复制、分发或解编译都是禁止的。此外，还提及了第三方软件、版权归属和相关商标信息。通过阅读和理解这份参考手册，管理员可以更深入地了解Solaris 9平台的内部运作机制，从而做出明智的决策，优化其系统的性能和稳定性，提升整体IT环境的效率。

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ufs_LW and ufs_HW

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md_mirror:md_resync_bufsz (new to the Solaris release)

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tcp_deferred_ack_interval

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tcp_local_dack_interval (new)

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tcp_deferred_acks_max

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tcp_local_dacks_max (new)

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tcp_xmit_hiwat

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tcp_recv_hiwat

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tcp_time_wait_interval

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tcp_ecn_permitted (new)

Tuning a Solaris System

Solaris is a multi-threaded, scalable UNIX

operating environment running on SPARC

and Intel processors. It is self-adjusting to system load and demands minimal tuning.

In some cases, however, tuning is necessary. This guide provides details about the

officially supported kernel tuning options available for the Solaris environment.

The Solaris kernel is composed of a core portion, which is always loaded, and a

number of loadable modules that are loaded as references are made to them. Many of

the variables referred to in the kernel portion of this guide are in the core portion, but

a few are located in loadable modules.

A key consideration in system tuning is that setting various system variables is often

the least effective thing that can be done to improve performance. Changing the

behavior of the application is generally the most effective tuning aid available. Adding

more physical memory and balancing disk I/O patterns are also useful. In a few rare

cases, changing one of the variables described in this guide will have a substantial

effect on system performance.

Another thing to remember is that one system’s /etc/system settings might not be

applicable, either wholly or in part, to another environment. Carefully consider the

values in the ﬁle with respect to the environment in which they will be applied. Make

sure that you understand the behavior of a system before attempting to apply changes

to the system variables described here.

Caution – The variables described here and their meanings can and do change from

release to release. A release is either a Solaris Update release or a new version such as

Solaris 9. Publication of these variables and their description does not preclude

changes to the variables and descriptions without notice.

16 Solaris Tunable Parameters Reference Manual • August 2003

/etc/system File

The /etc/system ﬁle provides a static mechanism for adjusting the values of kernel

variables. Values speciﬁed in this ﬁle are read at boot time and are applied. Any

changes made to the ﬁle are not applied to the operating system until the system is

rebooted.

Prior to the Solaris 8 release, /etc/system entries that set the values of system

variables were applied in two phases:

■

The ﬁrst phase obtains various bootstrap variables (for example, maxusers)to

initialize key system parameters.

■

The second phase calculates the base conﬁguration by using the bootstrap

variables, and all values entered in the /etc/system ﬁle are applied. In the case

of the bootstrap variables, reapplied values replace the values calculated or reset in

the initialization phase.

The second phase sometimes caused confusion to users and administrators by setting

variables to values that seem to be impermissible or assigning values to variables (for

example, max_nprocs) that have a value overridden during the initial conﬁguration.

In the Solaris 8 release, one pass is made to set all the values before the conﬁguration

parameters are calculated.

Example—Setting a Parameter in /etc/system

The following /etc/system entry sets the number of read-ahead blocks that are read

for ﬁle systems mounted using NFS version 2 software.

set nfs:nfs_nra=4

Recovering From an Incorrect Value

Make a copy of /etc/system before modifying it so you can easily recover from

incorrect value:

# cp /etc/system /etc/system.good

If a value entered in /etc/system causes the system to become unbootable, you can

recover with the following command:

ok boot -a

This command causes the system to ask for the name of various ﬁles used in the boot

process. Press the carriage return to accept the default values until the name of the

/etc/system ﬁle is requested. When the

Name of system file [/etc/system]: prompt is displayed, enter the name of

the good /etc/system ﬁle or /dev/null:

Chapter 1 • Overview of Solaris System Tuning 19

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