TMS320C28x C/C++ Compiler v6.2.4：优化指南与选项详解

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TMS320C28x Optimizing C_C++ Compiler v6.2.4 是一个针对TMS320C28x系列微控制器设计的专业级编译器，版本为6.2.4，用户手册文献编号为SPRU514G，发布于2013年12月。该文档详细介绍了软件开发工具包，包括C/C++编译器的概述、使用方法、选项设置以及环境变量控制等内容。 1. **概述** - **软件开发工具概述**：TMS320C28x编译器支持 ANSI/ISO 标准，提供高效能的优化功能，旨在简化开发过程并确保代码质量。它不仅包含编译器本身，还包括链接器和其他辅助工具，以支持完整的软件开发流程。 - **编译器接口**：用户可以通过命令行或图形界面与编译器交互，后者可能需要额外的图形用户界面软件支持。 2. **使用编译器** - **编译器介绍**：TMS320C28x编译器是用于将C/C++源代码转换为目标代码的关键组件。它需要正确配置选项来满足特定项目的需求，如优化级别、链接模式和调试选项。 - **选项管理**： - **Linker Options**：选项允许开发者指定链接目标、库和依赖关系，确保程序的完整性和性能。 - **常用选项**：包括优化级别（如-O1, -O2等）、预处理器宏定义、代码大小优化等，影响编译后的代码效率和体积。 - **其他有用选项**：涵盖内存管理、异常处理、多线程等方面，根据项目需求选择合适选项。 - **运行时模型选项**：定制程序在特定硬件上的行为，如堆栈大小、中断模式等。 - **符号调试与性能分析**：提供选项支持生成调试信息和执行性能统计，方便调试和性能调优。 - **文件名处理**：开发者可以指定源文件名、扩展名解释规则，以及编译输出文件的命名和位置。 - **目录管理**：设置包含搜索路径，确保编译器能找到所有依赖的源文件。 - **汇编器选项**：如果项目涉及混合编程，可以调整汇编部分的编译参数。 - **动态链接**：支持可执行文件的动态链接，链接库文件以减少存储空间占用。 - **已弃用选项**：注意文档中提到的过时选项，避免使用以保持兼容性和最佳实践。 3. **环境变量控制**： - **通过环境变量调整**：开发者可以通过设置系统环境变量来控制编译器的行为，例如设置默认编译器路径、路径查找顺序等，实现更灵活的配置。 TMS320C28x Optimizing C_C++ Compiler v6.2.4 是一款强大的开发工具，用户需要熟悉其各项功能和选项，以便根据项目需求进行高效的代码编译。通过掌握正确的选项配置和环境变量管理，可以显著提高开发效率和产品质量。同时，了解编译器如何处理文件名、目录和链接过程，有助于优化项目的整体结构和性能。

Chapter 2

SPRU514G–December 2013

Using the C/C++ Compiler

The compiler translates your source program into machine language object code that the TMS320C28x

can execute. Source code must be compiled, assembled, and linked to create an executable object file. All

of these steps are executed at once by using the compiler.

Topic ........................................................................................................................... Page

2.1 About the Compiler ........................................................................................... 17

2.2 Invoking the C/C++ Compiler .............................................................................. 17

2.3 Changing the Compiler's Behavior with Options ................................................... 18

2.4 Controlling the Compiler Through Environment Variables ...................................... 38

2.5 Controlling the Preprocessor .............................................................................. 39

2.6 Understanding Diagnostic Messages ................................................................... 42

2.7 Other Messages ................................................................................................ 45

2.8 Generating Cross-Reference Listing Information (--gen_acp_xref Option) ................ 45

2.9 Generating a Raw Listing File (--gen_acp_raw Option) ........................................... 46

2.10 Using Inline Function Expansion ......................................................................... 47

2.11 Using Interlist ................................................................................................... 50

2.12 Enabling Entry Hook and Exit Hook Functions ..................................................... 52

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About the Compiler

2.1 About the Compiler

The compiler lets you compile, assemble, and optionally link in one step. The compiler performs the

following steps on one or more source modules:

• The compiler accepts C/C++ source code and assembly code, and produces object code.

You can compile C, C++, and assembly files in a single command. The compiler uses the filename

extensions to distinguish between different file types. See Section 2.3.9 for more information.

• The linker combines object files to create a static executable or dynamic object file. The linker is

optional, so you can compile and assemble many modules independently and link them later. See

Chapter 4 for information about linking the files.

Invoking the Linker

NOTE: By default, the compiler does not invoke the linker. You can invoke the linker by using the --

run_linker compiler option. See Section 4.1.1 for details.

For a complete description of the assembler and the linker, see the TMS320C28x Assembly Language

Tools User's Guide.

2.2 Invoking the C/C++ Compiler

To invoke the compiler, enter:

cl2000 [options] [filenames] [--run_linker [link_options] object files]]

cl2000 Command that runs the compiler and the assembler.

options Options that affect the way the compiler processes input files. The options are listed

in Table 2-7 through Table 2-29.

filenames One or more C/C++ source files, assembly language source files, or object files.

--run_linker Option that invokes the linker. The --run_linker option's short form is -z. See

Chapter 4 for more information.

link_options Options that control the linking process.

object files Name of the additional object files for the linking process.

The arguments to the compiler are of three types:

• Compiler options

• Link options

• Filenames

The --run_linker option indicates linking is to be performed. If the --run_linker option is used, any compiler

options must precede the --run_linker option, and all link options must follow the --run_linker option.

Source code filenames must be placed before the --run_linker option. Additional object file filenames can

be placed after the --run_linker option.

For example, if you want to compile two files named symtab.c and file.c, assemble a third file named

seek.asm, and link to create an executable program called myprogram.out, you will enter:

cl2000 -v28 symtab.c file.c seek.asm --run_linker --library=lnk.cmd

--output_file=myprogram.out

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2.3 Changing the Compiler's Behavior with Options

Options control the operation of the compiler. This section provides a description of option conventions

and an option summary table. It also provides detailed descriptions of the most frequently used options,

including options used for type-checking and assembling.

For a help screen summary of the options, enter cl2000 with no parameters on the command line.

The following apply to the compiler options:

• Options are preceded by one or two hyphens.

• Options are case sensitive.

• Options are either single letters or sequences of characters.

• Individual options cannot be combined.

• An option with a required parameter should be specified with an equal sign before the parameter to

clearly associate the parameter with the option. For example, the option to undefine a constant can be

expressed as --undefine=name. Although not recommended, you can separate the option and the

parameter with or without a space, as in --undefine name or -undefinename.

• An option with an optional parameter should be specified with an equal sign before the parameter to

clearly associate the parameter with the option. For example, the option to specify the maximum

amount of optimization can be expressed as -O=3. You can specify the parameter directly after the

option, as in -O3. No space is allowed between the option and the optional parameter, so -O 3 is not

accepted.

• Files and options except the --run_linker option can occur in any order. The --run_linker option must

follow all other compile options and precede any link options.

You can define default options for the compiler by using the C2000_C_OPTION environment variable. For

a detailed description of the environment variable, see Section 2.4.1.

Table 2-7 through Table 2-29 summarize all options (including link options). Use the references in the

tables for more complete descriptions of the options.

Table 2-1. Processor Options

Option Alias Effect Section

--silicon_version=28 -v28 Specifies TMS320C28x architecture. When not specified defaults to Section 2.3.4

TMS320C27x.

--large_memory_model -ml Generates large memory model code and allows conditional Section 2.3.4,

compilation of 16-bit code with large memory model code Section 6.6.1

--unified_memory -mt Generates code for the unified memory model Section 2.3.4

--cla_support[=cla0|cla1] Specifies TMS320C28x CLA accelerator support Type 0 or Type 1. Section 2.3.4

Default is cla0.

--float_support={fpu32|softlib|fpu64} Specifies use of TMS320C28x 32- or 64-bit hardware floating-point Section 2.3.4

support. The default is softlib.

--tmu_support[=tmu0] Enables support for the Trigonometric Math Unit (TMU). Section 2.3.4

Using this option also enables FPU32 support (as with

--float_support=fpu32). If this option is used but no value is specified,

the default is tmu0.

--vcu_support[=vcu0|vcu2] Specifies C28x VCU coprocessor support Type 0 or Type 2. Default Section 2.3.4

is vcu0.

Table 2-2. Optimization Options

(1)

Option Alias Effect Section

--opt_level=off -Ooff Disables all optimization (default) Section 3.1

--opt_level=0 -O0 Optimizes register usage Section 3.1

--opt_level=1 -O1 Uses -O0 optimizations and optimizes locally Section 3.1

--opt_level=2 -O2 Uses -O1 optimizations and optimizes globally Section 3.1

(1)

Note: Machine-specific options (see Table 2-12) can also affect optimization.

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Table 2-2. Optimization Options

(1)

(continued)

Option Alias Effect Section

--opt_level=3 -O3 Uses -O2 optimizations and optimizes the file Section 3.1

Section 3.2

--opt_level=4 -O4 Uses -O3 optimizations and performs link-time optimization Section 3.4

--opt_for_space=n -ms Controls code size on four levels (0, 1, 2, and 3) Section 3.10

--fp_mode={relaxed|strict} Enables or disables relaxed floating-point mode Section 2.3.3

Table 2-3. Advanced Optimization Options

(1)

Option Alias Effect Section

--auto_inline=[size] -oi Sets automatic inlining size (--opt_level=3 only). If size is not Section 3.6

specified, the default is 1.

--call_assumptions=0 -op0 Specifies that the module contains functions and variables that are Section 3.3.1

called or modified from outside the source code provided to the

compiler

--call_assumptions=1 -op1 Specifies that the module contains variables modified from outside Section 3.3.1

the source code provided to the compiler but does not use

functions called from outside the source code

--call_assumptions=2 -op2 Specifies that the module contains no functions or variables that Section 3.3.1

are called or modified from outside the source code provided to the

compiler (default)

--call_assumptions=3 -op3 Specifies that the module contains functions that are called from Section 3.3.1

outside the source code provided to the compiler but does not use

variables modified from outside the source code

--gen_opt_info=0 -on0 Disables the optimization information file Section 3.2.2

--gen_opt_info=1 -on1 Produces an optimization information file Section 3.2.2

--gen_opt_info=2 -on2 Produces a verbose optimization information file Section 3.2.2

--opt_for_speed[=n] -mf Controls the tradeoff between size and speed (0-5 range). If this Section 3.9

option is specified without n, the default value is 4. If this option is

not specified, the default setting is 2.

--optimizer_interlist -os Interlists optimizer comments with assembly statements Section 3.7

--remove_hooks_when_inlining Removes entry/exit hooks for auto-inlined functions Section 2.12

--single_inline Inlines functions that are only called once --

--aliased_variables -ma Assumes called functions create hidden aliases (rare) Section 3.5.2.2

(1)

Note: Machine-specific options (see Table 2-12) can also affect optimization.

Table 2-4. Debug Options

Option Alias Effect Section

--symdebug:dwarf -g Default behavior. Enables symbolic debugging. The generation of Section 2.3.5

debug information no longer impacts optimization. Therefore, Section 3.8

generating debug information is enabled by default. If you explicitly

use the -g option but do not specify an optimization level, no

optimization is performed.

--symdebug:coff Enables symbolic debugging using the alternate STABS debugging Section 2.3.5

format. Section 3.8

--symdebug:none Disables all symbolic debugging Section 2.3.5

Section 3.8

--symdebug:profile_coff Enables profiling using the alternate STABS debugging format. Section 2.3.5

--symdebug:skeletal (Deprecated; has no effect.)

--optimize_with_debug -mn (Deprecated; has no effect.)

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Table 2-5. Advanced Debug Options

Option Alias Effect Section

--symdebug:keep_all_types Keep unreferenced type information Section 2.3.5

Table 2-6. Include Options

Option Alias Effect Section

--include_path=directory

-I

Defines #include search path Section 2.5.2.1

--preinclude=filename Includes filename at the beginning of compilation Section 2.3.3

Table 2-7. Control Options

Option Alias Effect Section

--compile_only -c Disables linking (negates --run_linker) Section 4.1.3

--help -h Prints (on the standard output device) a description of the options Section 2.3.2

understood by the compiler.

--run_linker -z Enables linking Section 2.3.2

--skip_assembler -n Compiles only Section 2.3.2

Table 2-8. Language Options

Option Alias Effect Section

--cpp_default -fg Processes all source files with a C extension as C++ source files. Section 2.3.7

--embedded_cpp -pe Enables embedded C++ mode Section 6.14.3

--exceptions Enables C++ exception handling Section 6.7

--float_operations_allowed={none| Restricts the types of floating point operations allowed. Section 2.3.3

all|32|64}

--gcc Enables support for GCC extensions. Equivalent to the -- Section 6.15

relaxed_ansi option.

--gen_acp_raw -pl Generates a raw listing file Section 2.9

--gen_acp_xref -px Generates a cross-reference listing file Section 2.8

--keep_unneeded_statics Keeps unreferenced static variables. Section 2.3.3

--kr_compatible -pk Allows K&R compatibility. Applies only to C code, not to C++ code. Section 6.14.1

The --strict_ansi option cannot be used with the --kr_compatible

option.

--multibyte_chars -pc Enables support for multibyte character sequences in comments, --

string literals and character constants. If you use multibyte

characters in your source code, enable this option.

--no_inlining -pi Disables definition-controlled inlining (but --opt_level=3 (or -O3) Section 2.10

optimizations still perform automatic inlining)

--no_intrinsics -pn Disables intrinsic functions. No compiler-supplied intrinsic functions --

will be predefined. Intrinsic functions can be enabled or disabled in

both strict and relaxed ANSI mode. The --no_intrinsics setting has no

effect on the --strict_ansi setting, and vice versa.

--program_level_compile -pm Combines source files to perform program-level optimization Section 3.3

--relaxed_ansi -pr Enables relaxed mode; ignores strict ISO violations. Section 6.14.2

--rtti -rtti Enables C++ run-time type information (RTTI) –-

--static_template_instantiation Instantiate all template entities with internal linkage –-

--strict_ansi -ps Enables strict ANSI/ISO mode (for C/C++, not for K&R C). In this Section 6.14.2

mode, language extensions that conflict with ANSI/ISO C/C++ are

disabled. In strict ANSI/ISO mode, most ANSI/ISO violations are

reported as errors. Violations that are considered discretionary may

be reported as warnings instead.

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