Xamarin.Forms：打造跨平台移动应用的完整指南（第3版）

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《Microsoft_Press_eBook_CreatingMobileAppswithXamarinForms_PDF》是一本专门介绍使用Xamarin.Forms开发跨平台移动应用的书籍，该书由Xamarin在2014年5月发布。Xamarin.Forms是一个激动人心的移动开发平台，支持iOS、Android和Windows系统，允许开发者使用C#和XAML（可扩展应用程序标记语言）编写共享的用户界面代码，这些代码可以映射到各个平台上的原生控件。这本书是Xamarin.Forms系列的第三版，之前的版本是预览版，不完整。此次的第一版共计1200页，标志着一个完整的里程碑，尽管书中仍有部分主题未涵盖，因为Xamarin.Forms的持续更新使其功能日益完善，发展势头强劲。书中详细讲解了如何利用Xamarin.Forms进行iOS、Android和Windows的应用开发，特别是Windows部分，涵盖了针对Windows 8.1、Windows Phone 8.1设备的Windows Runtime（WinRT）以及针对Windows 10和Windows 10 Mobile设备的Universal Windows Platform（UWP）。通过单一的程序即可实现对这两种平台的覆盖。作者Charles Petzold是一位专注于跨平台C#编程的专家，他在书中分享了丰富的经验和实用技巧，帮助读者理解和掌握如何用Xamarin.Forms构建高效、一致的移动应用。版权方面，本书受到严格的版权保护，未经出版商Microsoft Press许可，不得以任何形式复制或传播内容。如果你在阅读过程中遇到任何问题，可以通过电子邮件mspinput@microsoft.com联系Microsoft Press Support获取支持。同时，作者的观点和信息可能会随着时间和技术发展而更新，部分书中示例仅为演示用途，且可能涉及虚构场景，不应视为实际关联或推荐。《Creating Mobile Apps with Xamarin.Forms》是一本不可或缺的资源，对于希望进入或深化跨平台移动开发领域的专业人士来说，提供了深入学习和实践Xamarin.Forms的强大工具。

Introduction

This is the third version of a book about writing applications with Xamarin.Forms, the exciting mobile

development platform for iOS, Android, and Windows unveiled by Xamarin in May 2014. (The first two

versions of this book were Preview Editions.) Xamarin.Forms lets you write shared user-interface code

in C# and XAML (the Extensible Application Markup Language) that maps to native controls on these

platforms.

The Windows support of Xamarin.Forms includes the Windows Runtime (WinRT) for targeting

Windows 8.1 and Windows Phone 8.1 devices, and the Universal Windows Platform (UWP), which is a

form of the Windows Runtime that targets Windows 10 and Windows 10 Mobile devices with a single

program.

The two previous versions of this book were called Preview Editions because they were not com-

plete. At 1200 pages, this is the first edition that can claim to be complete, even though several topics

are not included and Xamarin.Forms continues to be progressively enhanced with no sign of slowing

down.

All information about this book can be found on the book’s home page at:

https://developer.xamarin.com/r/xamarin-forms/book/

Who should read this book

This book is for C# programmers who want to write applications using a single code base that targets

the three most popular mobile platforms: iOS, Android, and Windows, encompassing the Universal

Windows Platform and Windows Phone.

Xamarin.Forms also has applicability for those programmers who eventually want to use C# and the

Xamarin.iOS and Xamarin.Android libraries to target the native application programming interfaces

(APIs) of these platforms. Xamarin.Forms can be a big help in getting programmers started with these

platforms or in constructing a prototype or proof-of-concept application.

This book assumes that you know C# and are familiar with the use of the .NET Framework. How-

ever, when I discuss some C# and .NET features that might be somewhat exotic or unfamiliar to recent

C# programmers, I adopt a somewhat slower pace.

Introduction xvii

Conventions and features in this book

This book has just a few typographical conventions:

 All programming elements referenced in the text—including classes, methods, properties, varia-

ble names, etc.—are shown in a monospaced font, such as the StackLayout class.

 Items that appear in the user interface of Visual Studio or Xamarin Studio, or the applications

discussed in these chapters, appear in boldface, such as the Add New Project dialog.

 Application solutions and projects also appear in boldface, such as MonkeyTap.

The various editions of this book

This book is intended as a tutorial to learn Xamarin.Forms programming. It is not a replacement for the

online API documentation, which can be found at the Xamarin.Forms Framework link on this page:

https://developer.xamarin.com/api/

The first Preview Edition of this book was published in October 2014 to coincide with the Xamarin

Evolve 2014 conference. It contained six chapters but no coverage of XAML.

This second Preview Edition was reconceived to contain shorter and more focused chapters. The

sixteen chapters of the second Preview Edition were published in April 2015 to coincide with the

Microsoft Build 2015 conference. Over the next six months, eight more chapters were published online,

bringing the total to 24.

This edition has 27 chapters and is being published to coincide with the Xamarin Evolve 2016 con-

ference taking place April 24–28, 2016. But the deadline for this book is about a month earlier than

Evolve, and several topics did not make it into this edition. These include maps, ControlTemplate,

DataTemplateSelector, the Margin property, and CarouselView. Of the classes that derive from

GestureRecognizer, only TapGestureRecognizer is covered, and not PanGestureRecognizer or

PinchGestureRecognizer. Although RelativeLayout dates from the very first release of Xama-

rin.Forms, somehow it never made it into this book.

Between the second Preview Edition and this edition, a big change occurred for the Windows plat-

forms: The sample programs no longer support the Silverlight API of Windows Phone 8.0. Instead, all

the sample programs support the Universal Windows Platform for targeting Windows 10 and Windows

10 Mobile, and the Windows Runtime for targeting Windows 8.1 and Windows Phone 8.1.

However, there was insufficient time to update this book’s sample programs and screenshots to re-

flect Android AppCompat and Material Design, which is expected to be supported in a forthcoming

Visual Studio and Xamarin Studio project template for Xamarin.Forms.

Introduction xviii

For updates and additions to this edition, check the Xamarin webpage devoted to this book.

System requirements

This book assumes that you’ll be using Xamarin.Forms to write applications that simultaneously target

all the supported mobile platforms—iOS, Android, the Universal Windows Platform, and perhaps

Windows Phone 8.1 as well. However, it’s possible that some readers will be targeting only one or two

platforms in their Xamarin.Forms solutions. The platforms you target govern your hardware and soft-

ware requirements. For targeting iOS devices, you’ll need a Mac installed with Apple Xcode and the

Xamarin Platform, which includes Xamarin Studio. For targeting any of the Windows platforms, you’ll

need Visual Studio 2015 on a PC, and you’ll need to have installed the Xamarin Platform.

However, you can also use Visual Studio on the PC to target iOS devices through a Wi-Fi-accessible

Mac installed with Xcode and the Xamarin Platform. You can target Android devices from Visual Studio

on the PC or from Xamarin Studio on the Mac.

Chapter 1, “How does Xamarin.Forms fit in?” has more details on the various configurations you can

use and resources for additional information and support. My setup for creating this book consisted of

a Microsoft Surface Pro 2 (with external monitor, keyboard, and mouse) installed with Visual Studio

2015 and the Xamarin Platform, connected by Wi-Fi with a MacBook Pro installed with Xcode and the

Xamarin Platform.

Most of the screenshots in this book show an iPhone, an Android phone, and a Windows 10 Mobile

device in that order. The three devices shown in these screenshots reflect my setup and hardware:

 The iPhone 6 simulator on the MacBook Pro running iOS 8.2

 An LG Nexus 5 running Android 6.0.1

 A Nokia Lumia 925 running Windows 10 Mobile

Additional screenshots use an iPad Air 2 simulator, a Microsoft Surface Pro 3 running Windows 10 in

tablet mode, a Windows 10 Mobile phone running a program targeting Windows Phone 8.1, and the

Windows 10 desktop running a program targeting Windows 8.1.

Some of the early triple screenshots in this book used devices with somewhat earlier versions of the

operating systems, for example Android 5.0 or 5.1. Although I tried to use real devices for all the

Android and Windows screenshots, in the interests of expediency some Windows Phone and Windows

10 Mobile screenshots were taken with a Windows 10 Mobile emulator.

Introduction xx

When you create a new Xamarin.Forms solution using Visual Studio or Xamarin Studio, a version of

the Xamarin.Forms package becomes part of that solution. However, that might not be the latest

Xamarin.Forms version available from NuGet. You’ll probably want to update that package to the most

recent version.

Also, the source code for this book that is stored on GitHub does not include the actual NuGet

packages. Xamarin Studio will automatically download them when you load the solution, but by de-

fault Visual Studio will not.

In Visual Studio, you can handle both these jobs by right-clicking the solution name in the Solution

Explorer and selecting Manage NuGet Packages for Solution. The Manage Packages for Solution

dialog lets you download and restore the NuGet packages and to update them.

In Xamarin Studio, the process is somewhat more automatic, but you can also use the Update

NuGet Packages and Restore NuGet Packages options on the Project menu.

Some of the projects contain references to libraries in the Libraries folder of the sample code. You’ll

want to load those library solutions into Visual Studio or Xamarin Studio separately and restore (or up-

date) the NuGet packages. Then load projects referencing these libraries.

Acknowledgments

It’s always seemed peculiar to me that authors of programming books are sometimes better known to

programmers than the people who actually created the product that is the subject of the book! The

real brains behind Xamarin.Forms are Jason Smith, Eric Maupin, Stephane Delcroix, Seth Rosetter, Rui

Marinho, Chris King, E.Z. Hart, Samantha Houts, Paul DiPietro, and interim product manager Bryan

Hunter. Congratulations, guys! We’ve been enjoying the fruits of your labor!

Over the months that these various editions of the book were in progress, I have benefited from

valuable feedback, corrections, and edits from several people. This book wouldn’t exist without the col-

laboration of Bryan Costanich at Xamarin and Devon Musgrave at Microsoft Press. Both Bryan and

Craig Dunn at Xamarin read some of my drafts of early chapters and managed to persuade me to take

a somewhat different approach to the material. Later on, Craig kept me on track and reviewed the

chapters while John Meade did the copyediting. For the first Preview Edition, Stephane Delcroix at

Xamarin and Andy Wigley with Microsoft offered essential technical reads and persistently prodded me

to make the book better. Rui Marinho was often willing to explore technical questions that I had.

Reader Albert Mata found a number of typos. Microsoft’s copyeditor for the second Preview Edition

and this edition was John Pierce.

Almost nothing I do these days would be possible without the daily companionship and support of

my wife, Deirdre Sinnott.

Charles Petzold

March 21, 2016

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