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首页ACPI 5.0a规范修订版:2013年高级配置与电源接口技术详解
ACPI 5.0a规范修订版:2013年高级配置与电源接口技术详解
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更新于2024-07-22
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Advanced Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI) Specification, Revision 5.0a - 2013 是一项由Hewlett-Packard Corporation、Intel Corporation、Microsoft Corporation、Phoenix Technologies Ltd. 和 Toshiba Corporation 共同制定的标准,旨在提供高级的系统配置和电源管理功能。该规范适用于个人计算机和其他设备,它定义了处理器与主板、电池、电源管理控制器以及其他硬件组件之间的交互,以实现更高效、灵活的能源管理和系统设置。
修订5.0a包含了对先前版本的修正和增强,于2013年11月13日发布。它强调了标准的“按现状”提供,即不提供任何形式的保证,包括商品质量保证、特定用途适用性或任何其他隐含保证。这意味着使用者必须自行承担实施此规范可能带来的风险,包括侵犯知识产权的风险。
ACPI 5.0a的主要目标是简化设备的唤醒和休眠过程,支持更高级别的电源管理策略,例如待机模式(S3)和深度休眠(S4),这对于降低能耗、延长电池续航以及优化系统性能至关重要。此外,该规范还涵盖了系统状态的描述、硬件事件的处理、以及与操作系统(如Windows)之间的通信接口。
该标准规定了电源管理控制方法,如PMI(Power Management Interrupt)和PCC(Platform Control Connection),这些机制使得设备能够通知处理器关于电源状态的变化,如电池电量低或者外部电源中断。此外,ACPI还允许制造商自定义硬件描述符,以便更好地适配不同的硬件平台。
在实施过程中,遵循ACPI 5.0a标准可以帮助硬件开发者确保兼容性和稳定性,并使系统能在各种环境下高效运行。然而,由于其技术性质,遵守规范可能涉及复杂的编程任务和对硬件细节的理解。同时,对于知识产权的声明表明,尽管标准本身不授予任何知识产权许可,但用户在开发相关产品时应尊重并避免侵犯他人的专利和商标权。
ACPI 5.0a是现代计算机系统设计中不可或缺的一部分,它促进了硬件与软件之间的协同工作,提升了系统的能效和用户体验。对于硬件工程师、系统管理员和开发者来说,理解和遵循这一规范是确保设备正常运作和满足能源效率目标的关键。
x Hewlett-Packard/Intel/Microsoft/Phoenix/Toshiba
7.4 OSPM usage of _PTS, _TTS, and _WAK..................................................................... 379
8
Processor Configuration and Control ......................................................381
8.1 Processor Power States ............................................................................................... 381
8.1.1 Processor Power State C0................................................................................ 383
8.1.2 Processor Power State C1................................................................................ 385
8.1.3 Processor Power State C2................................................................................ 385
8.1.4 Processor Power State C3................................................................................ 385
8.1.5 Additional Processor Power States................................................................... 386
8.2 Flushing Caches ........................................................................................................... 387
8.3 Power, Performance, and Throttling State Dependencies............................................ 388
8.4 Declaring Processors................................................................................................. 389
8.4.1 _PDC (Processor Driver Capabilities)............................................................... 389
8.4.2 Processor Power State Control......................................................................... 391
8.4.3 Processor Throttling Controls............................................................................ 396
8.4.4 Processor Performance Control........................................................................ 403
8.4.5 Collaborative Processor Performance Control.................................................. 410
8.4.6 _PPE (Polling for Platform Errors) .................................................................... 423
8.5 Processor Aggregator Device....................................................................................... 423
8.5.1 Logical Processor Idling.................................................................................... 424
8.5.2 OSPM _OST Evaluation ................................................................................... 425
9
ACPI-Defined Devices and Device-Specific Objects.............................. 427
9.1 \_SI System Indicators.................................................................................................. 427
9.1.1 _SST (System Status)....................................................................................... 427
9.1.2 _MSG (Message).............................................................................................. 427
9.1.3 _BLT (Battery Level Threshold) ........................................................................ 428
9.2 Ambient Light Sensor Device........................................................................................ 428
9.2.1 Overview ........................................................................................................... 429
9.2.2 _ALI (Ambient Light Illuminance) ...................................................................... 429
9.2.3 _ALT (Ambient Light Temperature)................................................................... 430
9.2.4 _ALC (Ambient Light Color Chromaticity) ......................................................... 430
9.2.5 _ALR (Ambient Light Response)....................................................................... 431
9.2.6 _ALP (Ambient Light Polling) ............................................................................ 435
9.2.7 Ambient Light Sensor Events............................................................................ 435
9.2.8 Relationship to Backlight Control Methods ....................................................... 436
9.3 Battery Device............................................................................................................... 436
9.4 Control Method Lid Device............................................................................................ 436
9.4.1 _LID................................................................................................................... 436
9.5 Control Method Power and Sleep Button Devices........................................................ 437
9.6 Embedded Controller Device........................................................................................ 437
9.7 Generic Container Device............................................................................................. 437
9.8 ATA Controller Devices................................................................................................. 438
9.8.1 Objects for Both ATA and SATA Controllers..................................................... 438
9.8.2 IDE Controller Device........................................................................................ 439
9.8.3 Serial ATA (SATA) Controller Device................................................................ 442
Advanced Configuration and Power Interface Specification
Hewlett-Packard/Intel/Microsoft/Phoenix/Toshiba xi
9.9 Floppy Controller Device Objects ................................................................................. 444
9.9.1 _FDE (Floppy Disk Enumerate) ........................................................................ 444
9.9.2 _FDI (Floppy Disk Information) ......................................................................... 445
9.9.3 _FDM (Floppy Disk Drive Mode)....................................................................... 446
9.10 GPE Block Device....................................................................................................... 446
9.10.1 Matching Control Methods for Events in a GPE Block Device........................ 447
9.11 Module Device ............................................................................................................ 448
9.12 Memory Devices ......................................................................................................... 451
9.12.1 Address Decoding........................................................................................... 451
9.12.2 Memory Bandwidth Monitoring and Reporting................................................ 451
9.12.3 _OSC Definition for Memory Device ............................................................... 453
9.12.4 Example: Memory Device ............................................................................... 454
9.13 _UPC (USB Port Capabilities) .................................................................................... 454
9.13.1 USB 2.0 Host Controllers and _UPC and _PLD ............................................. 458
9.14 Device Object Name Collision .................................................................................... 460
9.14.1 _DSM (Device Specific Method) ..................................................................... 460
9.15 PC/AT RTC/CMOS Devices ....................................................................................... 463
9.15.1 PC/AT-compatible RTC/CMOS Devices (PNP0B00)...................................... 463
9.15.3 Dallas Semiconductor-compatible RTC/CMOS Devices (PNP0B02) ............. 465
9.16 User Presence Detection Device................................................................................ 465
9.16.1 _UPD (User Presence Detect)........................................................................ 466
9.16.2 _UPP (User Presence Polling)........................................................................ 466
9.16.3 User Presence Sensor Events........................................................................ 467
9.17 I/O APIC Device.......................................................................................................... 467
9.18 Time and Alarm Device............................................................................................... 467
9.18.2 _GCP (Get Capability) .................................................................................... 471
9.18.3 _GRT (Get Real Time).................................................................................... 472
9.18.4 _SRT (Set Real Time)..................................................................................... 472
9.18.5 _GWS (Get Wake alarm status)...................................................................... 474
9.18.6 _CWS (Clear Wake alarm status)................................................................... 474
9.18.7 _STP (Set Expired Timer Wake Policy) .......................................................... 474
9.18.8 _STV (Set Timer Value).................................................................................. 475
9.18.9 _TIP (Expired Timer Wake Policy).................................................................. 475
9.18.10 _TIV (Timer Values)...................................................................................... 476
9.18.11 ACPI Wakeup Alarm Events ......................................................................... 476
9.18.12 Relationship to Real Time Clock Alarm ....................................................... 476
9.18.13 Time and Alarm device as a replacement to the RTC .................................. 476
9.18.14 Relationship to UEFI time source.................................................................. 476
9.18.15 Example ASL code ....................................................................................... 477
10
Power Source and Power Meter Devices .................................................483
10.1 Smart Battery Subsystems ......................................................................................... 483
10.1.1 ACPI Smart Battery Status Change Notification Requirements...................... 486
10.1.2 Smart Battery Objects..................................................................................... 487
10.1.3 _SBS (Smart Battery Subsystem) .................................................................. 488
10.2 Control Method Batteries ............................................................................................ 490
xii Hewlett-Packard/Intel/Microsoft/Phoenix/Toshiba
10.2.1 Battery Events................................................................................................. 491
10.2.2 Battery Control Methods ................................................................................. 491
10.3 AC Adapters and Power Source Objects.................................................................... 504
10.3.1 _PSR (Power Source)..................................................................................... 504
10.3.2 _PCL (Power Consumer List) ......................................................................... 505
10.3.3 _PIF (Power Source Information).................................................................... 505
10.3.4 _PRL (Power Source Redundancy List) ......................................................... 506
10.4 Power Meters.............................................................................................................. 506
10.4.1 _PMC (Power Meter Capabilities)................................................................... 507
10.4.2 _PTP (Power Trip Points) ............................................................................... 508
10.4.3 _PMM (Power Meter Measurement)............................................................... 509
10.4.4 _PAI (Power Averaging Interval)..................................................................... 509
10.4.5 _GAI (Get Averaging Interval)......................................................................... 510
10.4.6 _SHL (Set Hardware Limit) ............................................................................. 510
10.4.7 _GHL (Get Hardware Limit) ............................................................................ 511
10.4.8 _PMD (Power Metered Devices)..................................................................... 511
10.5 Example: Power Source and Power Meter Namespace............................................ 511
11
Thermal Management.................................................................................513
11.1 Thermal Control .......................................................................................................... 513
11.1.1 Active, Passive, and Critical Policies .............................................................. 514
11.1.2 Dynamically Changing Cooling Temperature Trip Points ............................... 515
11.1.3 Detecting Temperature Changes.................................................................... 516
11.1.4 Active Cooling ................................................................................................ 518
11.1.5 Passive Cooling .............................................................................................. 519
11.1.6 Critical Shutdown ............................................................................................ 520
11.2 Cooling Preferences .................................................................................................. 521
11.2.1 Evaluating Thermal Device Lists..................................................................... 522
11.2.2 Evaluating Device Thermal Relationship Information ..................................... 523
11.3 Fan Device.................................................................................................................. 523
11.3.1 Fan Objects..................................................................................................... 524
11.4 Thermal Objects.......................................................................................................... 527
11.4.1 _ACx (Active Cooling)..................................................................................... 528
11.4.2 _ALx (Active List) ............................................................................................ 528
11.4.3 _ART (Active Cooling Relationship Table)...................................................... 529
11.4.4 _CRT (Critical Temperature)........................................................................... 532
11.4.5 _DTI (Device Temperature Indication)............................................................ 532
11.4.6 _HOT (Hot Temperature)................................................................................ 532
11.4.7 _NTT (Notification Temperature Threshold) ................................................... 533
11.4.8 _PSL (Passive List)......................................................................................... 533
11.4.9 _PSV (Passive)............................................................................................... 533
11.4.10 _RTV (Relative Temperature Values)........................................................... 534
11.4.11 _SCP (Set Cooling Policy) ............................................................................ 534
11.4.12 _TC1 (Thermal Constant 1) .......................................................................... 537
11.4.13 _TC2 (Thermal Constant 2) .......................................................................... 537
11.4.14 _TMP (Temperature)..................................................................................... 538
Advanced Configuration and Power Interface Specification
Hewlett-Packard/Intel/Microsoft/Phoenix/Toshiba xiii
11.4.15 _TPT (Trip Point Temperature)..................................................................... 538
11.4.16 _TRT (Thermal Relationship Table).............................................................. 538
11.4.17 _TSP (Thermal Sampling Period) ................................................................. 539
11.4.18 _TST (Temperature Sensor Threshold)........................................................ 539
11.4.19 _TZD (Thermal Zone Devices)...................................................................... 540
11.4.20 _TZM (Thermal Zone Member)..................................................................... 540
11.4.21 _TZP (Thermal Zone Polling)........................................................................ 540
11.5 Native OS Device Driver Thermal Interfaces.............................................................. 541
11.6 Thermal Zone Interface Requirements ....................................................................... 542
11.7 Thermal Zone Examples............................................................................................. 542
11.7.1 Example: The Basic Thermal Zone................................................................. 542
11.7.2 Example: Multiple-Speed Fans ....................................................................... 544
11.7.3 Example: Thermal Zone with Multiple Devices ............................................... 546
12
ACPI Embedded Controller Interface Specification................................ 553
12.1 Embedded Controller Interface Description ................................................................ 553
12.2 Embedded Controller Register Descriptions............................................................... 557
12.2.1 Embedded Controller Status, EC_SC (R)....................................................... 557
12.2.2 Embedded Controller Command, EC_SC (W)................................................ 558
12.2.3 Embedded Controller Data, EC_DATA (R/W)................................................. 558
12.3 Embedded Controller Command Set .......................................................................... 558
12.3.1 Read Embedded Controller, RD_EC (0x80) ................................................... 559
12.3.2 Write Embedded Controller, WR_EC (0x81).................................................. 559
12.3.3 Burst Enable Embedded Controller, BE_EC (0x82)........................................ 559
12.3.4 Burst Disable Embedded Controller, BD_EC (0x83)....................................... 560
12.3.5 Query Embedded Controller, QR_EC (0x84).................................................. 560
12.4 SMBus Host Controller Notification Header (Optional), OS_SMB_EVT ..................... 560
12.5 Embedded Controller Firmware.................................................................................. 560
12.6 Interrupt Model............................................................................................................561
12.6.1 Event Interrupt Model...................................................................................... 561
12.6.2 Command Interrupt Model .............................................................................. 562
12.7 Embedded Controller Interfacing Algorithms .............................................................. 562
12.8 Embedded Controller Description Information ............................................................ 563
12.9 SMBus Host Controller Interface via Embedded Controller....................................... 563
12.9.1 Register Description........................................................................................ 564
12.9.2 Protocol Description........................................................................................ 568
12.10 SMBus Devices......................................................................................................... 573
12.10.1 SMBus Device Access Restrictions .............................................................. 574
12.10.2 SMBus Device Command Access Restriction .............................................. 574
12.11 Defining an Embedded Controller Device in ACPI Namespace ............................... 574
12.11.1 Example: EC Definition ASL Code ............................................................... 575
12.12 Defining an EC SMBus Host Controller in ACPI Namespace................................... 576
12.12.1 Example: EC SMBus Host Controller ASL-Code.......................................... 576
13
ACPI System Management Bus Interface Specification.........................579
13.1 SMBus Overview ........................................................................................................ 579
xiv Hewlett-Packard/Intel/Microsoft/Phoenix/Toshiba
13.1.1 SMBus Slave Addresses................................................................................. 579
13.1.2 SMBus Protocols............................................................................................. 580
13.1.3 SMBus Status Codes...................................................................................... 581
13.1.4 SMBus Command Values............................................................................... 581
13.2 Accessing the SMBus from ASL Code ....................................................................... 581
13.2.1 Declaring SMBus Host Controller Objects ...................................................... 581
13.2.2 Declaring SMBus Devices............................................................................... 582
13.2.3 Declaring SMBus Operation Regions ............................................................. 582
13.2.4 Declaring SMBus Fields.................................................................................. 584
13.2.5 Declaring and Using an SMBus Data Buffer................................................... 586
13.3 Using the SMBus Protocols ........................................................................................ 587
13.3.1 Read/Write Quick (SMBQuick)........................................................................ 587
13.3.2 Send/Receive Byte (SMBSendReceive)......................................................... 588
13.3.3 Read/Write Byte (SMBByte)............................................................................ 589
13.3.4 Read/Write Word (SMBWord)......................................................................... 590
13.3.5 Read/Write Block (SMBBlock) ........................................................................ 590
13.3.6 Word Process Call (SMBProcessCall)............................................................ 591
13.3.7 Block Process Call (SMBBlockProcessCall)................................................... 592
14
Platform Communications Channel (PCC)...............................................593
14.1 Platform Communications Channel Table .................................................................. 593
14.1.1 Platform Communications Channel Global Flags ........................................... 594
14.1.2 Platform Communications Channel Subspace Structures .............................. 594
14.1.3 Generic Communications Subspace Structure (type 0).................................. 594
14.2 Generic Communications Channel Shared Memory Region ...................................... 595
14.2.1 Generic Communications Channel Command Field....................................... 595
14.2.2 Generic Communications Channel Status Field ............................................. 596
14.3 Doorbell Protocol ........................................................................................................ 596
14.4 Platform Notification.................................................................................................... 597
14.5 Referencing the PCC address space.......................................................................... 597
15
System Address Map Interfaces ...............................................................599
15.1 INT 15H, E820H - Query System Address Map ......................................................... 600
15.2 E820 Assumptions and Limitations............................................................................. 602
15.3 UEFI GetMemoryMap() Boot Services Function........................................................ 602
15.4 UEFI Assumptions and Limitations............................................................................ 604
15.5 Example Address Map................................................................................................ 604
15.6 Example: Operating System Usage............................................................................ 605
16
Waking and Sleeping .................................................................................607
16.1 Sleeping States........................................................................................................... 609
16.1.1 S1 Sleeping State ........................................................................................... 611
16.1.2 S2 Sleeping State ........................................................................................... 612
16.1.3 S3 Sleeping State ........................................................................................... 612
16.1.4 S4 Sleeping State ........................................................................................... 613
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