Java 7并发编程实战宝典：60个有效技巧

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《Java 7并发手册》是一本专为初级和中级Java开发者编写的实用指南，旨在深入讲解Java 7中的并发编程技术。本书由Javier Fernández González撰写，作为"Java 7并发烹饪手册"（Java 7 Concurrency Cookbook）的一部分，它提供了超过60个简单却极其有效的配方，帮助读者掌握多线程应用程序开发的关键技巧。这本书的内容涵盖了Java 7中重要的并发API，如Executor框架、Future和Callable接口、ThreadLocal、synchronized关键字以及并发容器（如ConcurrentHashMap、CopyOnWriteArrayList等）。它着重于实际应用案例，通过实例演示如何设计并优化并发程序，以提高性能和避免常见的并发问题，如死锁、竞态条件和资源争用。书中强调了线程安全性和可见性的重要性，并介绍了如何利用Java的并发工具进行同步控制，确保数据的一致性和正确性。此外，它还探讨了并发编程中的高级概念，如并行流（Parallel Streams）和 CompletableFuture，这些都是Java 7引入的新特性，旨在简化并发编程的复杂性。尽管作者和Packt Publishing在准备过程中尽最大努力保证信息的准确性，但必须明确指出，本书提供的所有内容均不构成任何形式的保修，使用者需自行承担可能产生的风险。书中提及的商标信息也得到了适当处理，但无法提供绝对的保证。《Java 7并发手册》是一本实战导向的教程，适合希望进一步提升Java并发编程技能的开发人员阅读，无论是希望通过实践来巩固理论知识，还是寻求解决实际项目中并发问题的解决方案，都能从中获益匪浅。

Preface

Who this book is for

If you are a Java developer, who wants to take his knowledge of concurrent programming and

multithreading further, as well as discover the new concurrency features of Java 7, then Java

7 Concurrency Cookbook is for you. You should already be comfortable with general Java

development practices and a basic grasp of threads would be an advantage.

Conventions

In this book, you will nd a number of styles of text that distinguish between different kinds

of information. Here are some examples of these styles, and an explanation of their meaning.

Code words in text are shown as follows: “Extending the Thread class and overriding the

run() method”.

A block of code is set as follows:

public Calculator(int number) {

this.number=number;

}

New terms and important words are shown in bold. Words that you see on the screen,

in menus or dialog boxes for example, appear in the text like this: “Create a new project

with the New Project option of the File menu in the menu bar”.

Warnings or important notes appear in a box like this.

Tips and tricks appear like this.

Reader feedback

Feedback from our readers is always welcome. Let us know what you think about this

book—what you liked or may have disliked. Reader feedback is important for us to develop

titles that you really get the most out of.

To send us general feedback, simply send an e-mail to feedback@packtpub.com, and

mention the book title via the subject of your message.

www.it-ebooks.info

Preface

If there is a topic that you have expertise in and you are interested in either writing

or contributing to a book, see our author guide on www.packtpub.com/authors.

Customer support

Now that you are the proud owner of a Packt book, we have a number of things to help you

to get the most from your purchase.

Downloading the example code

You can download the example code les for all Packt books you have purchased from your

account at http://www.PacktPub.com. If you purchased this book elsewhere, you can

visit http://www.PacktPub.com/support and register to have the les e-mailed

directly to you.

Errata

Although we have taken every care to ensure the accuracy of our content, mistakes

do happen. If you nd a mistake in one of our books—maybe a mistake in the text or the

code—we would be grateful if you would report this to us. By doing so, you can save other

readers from frustration and help us improve subsequent versions of this book. If you nd

any errata, please report them by visiting

http://www.packtpub.com/support,

selecting your book, clicking on the errata submission form link, and entering the details

of your errata. Once your errata are veried, your submission will be accepted and the errata

will be uploaded on our website, or added to any list of existing errata, under the Errata

section of that title. Any existing errata can be viewed by selecting your title from

http://www.packtpub.com/support.

Piracy

Piracy of copyright material on the Internet is an ongoing problem across all media. At Packt,

we take the protection of our copyright and licenses very seriously. If you come across any

illegal copies of our works, in any form, on the Internet, please provide us with the location

address or website name immediately so that we can pursue a remedy.

Please contact us at copyright@packtpub.com with a link to the suspected

pirated material.

We appreciate your help in protecting our authors, and our ability to bring you

valuable content.

Questions

You can contact us at questions@packtpub.com if you are having a problem with

any aspect of the book, and we will do our best to address it.

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Thread Management

Another concept related to concurrency is parallelism. There are different denitions and

relations with the concurrency concept. Some authors talk about concurrency when you

execute your application with multiple threads in a single-core processor, so simultaneously

you can see when your program execution is apparent. Also, you can talk about parallelism

when you execute your application with multiple threads in a multi-core processor or in a

computer with more than one processor. Other authors talk about concurrency when the

threads of the application are executed without a predened order, and talk about parallelism

when you use various threads to simplify the solution of a problem, where all these threads

are executed in an ordered way.

This chapter presents a number of recipes that show how to perform basic operations with

threads using the Java 7 API. You will see how to create and run threads in a Java program,

how to control their execution, and how to group some threads to manipulate them as a unit.

Creating and running a thread

In this recipe, we will learn how to create and run a thread in a Java application. As with every

element in the Java language, threads are objects. We have two ways of creating a thread

in Java:

f Extending the Thread class and overriding the run() method

f Building a class that implements the Runnable interface and then creating

an object of the Thread class passing the Runnable object as a parameter

In this recipe, we will use the second approach to create a simple program that creates

and runs 10 threads. Each thread calculates and prints the multiplication table of a number

between one and 10.

Getting ready

The example of this recipe has been implemented using the Eclipse IDE. If you use Eclipse

or another IDE such as NetBeans, open it and create a new Java project.

How to do it...

Follow these steps to implement the example:

1. Create a class named Calculator that implements the Runnable interface.

public class Calculator implements Runnable {

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