.NET框架深度解析：CLR via C# 第四版

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"CLR via C# 4th 原版pdf by Richter" 《CLR via C#》是著名微软技术专家Jeffrey Richter所著的第四版开发参考书籍，主要探讨了微软的.NET Framework，特别是公共语言运行时（CLR）以及C#编程语言的核心概念和技术。这本书对于理解.NET Framework如何改变软件开发方式具有重要意义。本书的核心知识点包括： 1. **公共语言运行时（CLR）**：CLR是.NET Framework的基础，它为开发者提供了跨语言的执行环境。它不仅是一个API的抽象层，更是一个有自己的内存管理、安全系统、文件加载器、错误处理机制、应用程序域（AppDomains）和线程模型的独立操作系统层面的实现。 2. **内存管理**：CLR实现了自动垃圾收集，使得开发者无需手动管理内存，降低了内存泄漏的风险。书中会深入讲解如何在.NET中有效地使用内存，以及垃圾回收的工作原理。 3. **安全性**：.NET Framework提供了一套强大的安全机制，包括代码访问安全，确保了代码在执行时的安全性。书中将讨论如何设计和实施安全的.NET组件和应用。 4. **应用域（AppDomains）**：AppDomains是.NET中的隔离边界，允许在同一进程中运行相互独立的代码模块，从而实现应用程序的隔离和沙箱环境。书中有详细的AppDomain创建、管理以及使用案例。 5. **线程模型**：CLR支持多线程编程，书中会讲解如何创建和管理线程，以及线程同步和通信的方法，包括Monitor、Mutex、Semaphore等同步原语。 6. **异常处理**：.NET的异常处理机制提供了try-catch-finally结构，以及对finally块和filter条件的支持，帮助开发者编写健壮的代码。 7. **C#编程语言**：除了深入探讨CLR，本书还会涵盖C#语言的高级特性，如泛型、匿名方法、LINQ、异步编程（async/await）等，帮助开发者提升C#编程能力。 8. **元数据和反射**：.NET框架中的元数据系统和反射机制允许程序在运行时动态地发现和操作类型，是实现插件架构和动态编程的关键。 9. **互操作性（Interop）**：.NET Framework提供了与非托管代码（如COM组件或Win32 API）交互的能力，书中会讲解如何利用P/Invoke和COM Interop技术进行互操作。 10. **性能优化**：本书也会探讨如何在.NET环境中优化代码，提高程序性能，包括对内存分配、CPU使用率和GC行为的调整。《CLR via C#》是一本全面而深入的.NET开发指南，适合想要深入了解.NET Framework底层工作原理和最佳实践的开发者阅读。通过学习，读者不仅可以掌握C#编程的高级技巧，还能理解.NET平台下的复杂系统和设计模式，从而更好地设计和实现软件应用程序和组件。

xviii Contents

Chapter 25 Interoperating with WinRT Components 643

CLR Projections and WinRT Component Type System Rules ...........645

WinRT Type System Core Concepts

..........................645

Framework Projections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .649

Calling Asynchronous WinRT APIs from .NET Code

............649

Interoperating Between WinRT Streams and .NET Streams

......654

Passing Blocks of Data Between the CLR and WinRT

...........656

Dening WinRT Components in C# ................................658

PART V THREADING

Chapter 26 Thread Basics 669

Why Does Windows Support Threads? .............................669

Thread Overhead ...............................................670

Stop the Madness ...............................................674

CPU Trends .....................................................677

CLR Threads and Windows Threads ................................678

Using a Dedicated Thread to Perform an Asynchronous

Compute-Bound Operation

...................................678

Reasons to Use Threads ..........................................681

Thread Scheduling and Priorities ..................................683

Foreground Threads vs. Background Threads .......................688

What Now? .....................................................689

Chapter 27 Compute-Bound Asynchronous Operations 691

Introducing the CLR’s Thread Pool ................................692

Performing a Simple Compute-Bound Operation ...................693

Execution Contexts ..............................................694

Cooperative Cancellation and Timeout ............................696

Tasks ..........................................................700

Waiting for a Task to Complete and Getting Its Result

..........702

Canceling a Task

...........................................704

xx Contents

Chapter 29 Primitive Thread Synchronization Constructs 757

Class Libraries and Thread Safety ..................................759

Primitive User-Mode and Kernel-Mode Constructs

..................760

User-Mode Constructs

...........................................762

Volatile Constructs

.........................................762

Interlocked Constructs

.....................................768

Implementing a Simple Spin Lock

............................773

The Interlocked Anything Pattern

............................776

Kernel-Mode Constructs

.........................................778

Event Constructs

...........................................782

Semaphore Constructs

.....................................784

Mutex Constructs

..........................................785

Chapter 30 Hybrid Thread Synchronization Constructs 789

A Simple Hybrid Lock ............................................790

Spinning, Thread Ownership, and Recursion

........................791

Hybrid Constructs in the Framework Class Library

...................793

The

ManualResetEventSlim and SemaphoreSlim Classes ....794

The

Monitor Class and Sync Blocks ..........................794

The

ReaderWriterLockSlim Class ..........................800

The

OneManyLock Class ....................................802

The

CountdownEvent Class .................................804

The

Barrier Class .........................................805

Thread Synchronization Construct Summary

..................805

The Famous Double-Check Locking Technique

.....................807

The Condition Variable Pattern

...................................811

Asynchronous Synchronization

...................................814

The Concurrent Collection Classes

.................................818

Index 823

What do you think of this book? We want to hear from you!

Microsoft is interested in hearing your feedback so we can continually improve our

books and learning resources for you. To participate in a brief online survey, please visit:

microsoft.com/learning/booksurvey

xxi

Foreword

ell, here we are again. Who would’ve thought? Oh, I know—I would’ve thought!

When you sign up for marriage, you really are living Groundhog Day. If you

haven’t seen that movie, watch it, because you will suddenly see why you have to make

the same mistakes over and over again. In this case, when Jeff said he wouldn’t write

another book, I knew it was the empty promise of an addict. Jeff cannot not write

another book. Just today, we were discussing another book he is absolutely not going

to write (except that there is already a chapter in progress). It is coded in his DNA. A

thoroughbred is born to run and Jeff is born to write.

Jeff is as predictable as the seasons. He cannot stay away from the little 0s and 1s

locked inside his hard drive. They cannot be ignored. And while the rest of you are all

snug in your beds, Jeff’s internal alarm starts ringing around 3:00 a.m. (coincidently,

when our four-year-old climbs into bed with us, another pattern I seem to have no

control over) some mysterious force compels Jeff’s brain to unlock little solutions, big

brainstorms, and frightening bugs that control him. It forces him into his ofce to work

them out of his head. The rest of us can roll over and go back to sleep, safe, knowing

that Jeff is out there somewhere solving these problems for us—like a cyber-super

hero, saving the thread from becoming just another loose end.

But accruing this knowledge just for himself is not enough for Jeff. He feels selsh

hoarding his insights in his little space in the universe. So he must broadcast them; he

must write them down. They're like radio waves hurling outward wondering if a listener

will pick them up. This he does for you, dear reader; a testament to his passion for

Microsoft technologies.

This book is actually adding a new layer of wisdom. Jeff is getting older each time

he ies around the sun, and with the accumulation of years, he is starting to look back.

Thinking about things in a more mature manner, he has rewritten the chapter cover-

ing Reection. Maybe you too will join him as he waxes poetic on this subject. This is a

place where we can learn how to have the code ask about the code and really encour-

aging some deeper insights as to why Reection works the way it does. Put on your

smoking jackets, sink into a leather chair, and spend some time thinking about your

own code and its greater purpose in life.

On a more lively note, there is stuff about async/await in here. Apparently, this is the

progression of the AsyncEnumerator my love has been going on about for some time.

Whew, I didn’t think we would ever move on from that! The thing is, as many times as

he has talked about his AsyncEnumerator, it hasn’t stuck in my mind at all. I decided if

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