多功能光学设备：透明、隐形与运动允许的结合

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"这篇科研论文提出了一种基于径向方向两步坐标变换的光学设备设计，该设备具有三种功能：透明设备、内部视觉隐形 cloak 和外部运动允许 cloak。通过确定光学设备的材料参数通用表达式，并通过全波模拟验证了设备的每一种功能。此外，还研究了材料损耗对设备性能的影响，探讨了该提议设备的未来应用可能性。" 这篇发表在《中国光学快报》（Chinese Optics Letters）2013年9月10日卷第11期的文章，由李 Tinghua、黄明、杨 Jingjing、冯 Yun 和梁 Yan 共同撰写。文章的核心是利用两步坐标变换技术，沿着径向方向设计一个多功能光学装置。这种创新的设计方法使得设备能够实现以下三种独特功能： 1. **透明设备**：通过特定的光学参数配置，该设备能够让光线在其内部自由传播，而不会引起明显的折射或反射，从而达到透明的效果。 2. **内部视觉隐形 cloak**：在设备内部，它能隐藏或"隐形"内部物体，使得外部观察者无法看到被遮蔽区域，类似于“内部视觉隐形”。 3. **外部运动允许 cloak**：不同于传统的隐形衣设计，此设备不仅能让内部物体隐形，还能允许外部物体在设备周围移动，不影响其运动，这在实际应用中具有重大意义。文章详细阐述了用于构建这种光学设备的材料参数的一般表达式，并通过全波模拟验证了这些功能的有效性。全波模拟是一种计算光学方法，可以精确预测和分析光与材料相互作用的行为。作者们还研究了材料损耗对设备性能的影响，这在实际应用中是必须考虑的因素，因为任何材料都有一定的吸收和散射特性，这些损耗可能会降低设备的功能效率。未来，这种光学设备有可能应用于多个领域，如军事隐身技术、光学通信、医学成像等，其创新的设计理念为光学工程和隐形技术的发展提供了新的思路和可能。由于其多功能性和对材料损耗的考虑，该研究对于推动光学科学和技术的进步具有重要价值。

COL 11(9), 091602(2013) CHINESE OPTICS LETTERS September 10, 2013

Design of an optical device with three functions

based on coordinate transformation

Tinghua Li (

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, Ming Huang (

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)

1∗

, Jingjing Yang (

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)

Yun Feng (

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)

, and Yan Liang (

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)

Wireless Innovation Laboratory, School of Information Science and Engineering,

Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China

Radio Monitoring Center of Yunnan, Kunming 650228, China

∗

Corresponding author: huangming@ynu.edu.cn

Received April 19, 2013; accepted July 9, 2013; posted online August 28, 2013

Based on two-step coordinate transformation along the radial direction, an optical device with three

functions is proposed. The proposed device functions as a transparent device, a vision-enabling internal

cloak, and a movement-allowing external cloak. The general expressions of material parameters for the

optical device are determined, and each function of the device is confirmed using full-wave simulation.

The effect of material loss on device performance is also investigated. Future applications for the proposed

device include antenna protection and military stealth.

OCIS codes: 160.1190, 160.3918, 260.2710.

doi: 10.3788/COL201311.091602.

Transformation optics

[1,2]

(TO) is rooted in the ancient

subject of electromagnetics and an emerging field that

has inspired a review of the foundations of classical elec-

tromagnetic theory. TO helps create new paradigms

for the arbitrary control of electromagnetic waves us-

ing metamaterials. Based on the form invariance of

Maxwell’s equations under coordinate transfo rmations,

TO opens up many possibilities for explor ing extraordi-

nary optical phenomena and designing novel functional

devices

[3−6]

. The invisibility cloa k, perhaps one of the

most intriguing TO applications discovered thus far, has

attracted considerable attention in recent years

[7−15]

Two main kinds o f TO-based invisibility cloaks are ava il-

able: internal c loaks

[7−11]

and external cloaks

[12,13]

. The

internal cloak c an render whatever it covers undetectable

by steering waves around an enclosed domain. The ob-

ject concea le d by an internal cloak is “blind” because no

external electromagnetic waves can encroach on the hid-

den area and vice-versa. The external c loak removes the

bottleneck of the internal cloak and leaves the hidden ob-

ject out in the open so that it can see its surroundings.

This cloak employs an anti-object to optically cancel the

scattered field from the hidden object. However, a strict

one-to-one correspondence between the po sitions of the

anti-object and the hidden object is required in an ex-

ternal cloak. Thus, once the position of the anti-object

is fixed, the hidden object cannot move free ly. After the

first experimental demonstration of a TO-based meta-

material internal cloak in 2006

[7]

, intensive studies on

TO-based devices with novel functions, such as field rota-

tors, pe rfect lenses, illusion devices, transpare nt devices,

and electromagnetic cavities, have been conducted

[16−20]

The scope of TO r esearch has gradually expanded fro m

optics to acoustics

[21]

, ela stodynamics

[22]

, plas monics

[23]

and even thermodynamics

[24]

. In earlier investigations,

all theoretical analyses, numerical simulations, and pa-

rameter designs focused mainly on single-function de-

vices. Recently, however, bifunctional device s have been

designed under the theoretical framework of TO

[25−27]

In this letter, a proposal based on two-step coordinate

transformation is presented to design an optical device

with three distinct functions. Firstly, the device can serve

as a trans parent device to protect a ntennas or other ra-

dio equipment without affecting their performance. Sec-

ondly, the device functions as a traditional internal cloak

that hides objects fro m view. Thirdly, the device ex-

hibits the beneficial characteristics of a traditional ex-

ternal c loak and allows the hidden object to move freely

within the device. Full-wave simulation by the finite-

element method is performed to verify the performance

of the proposed device. The proposed strategy has po-

tential applications in antenna pr otection, and the device

obtained effectively compensates for the insufficiencies of

traditional internal and external cloaks. The results of

this work could result in a wider range o f applications

beyond that of normal invisibility c loaks.

TO fully uses the form-invariance of Maxwell’s equa-

tions under a spatial coordinate transformation to estab-

lish the equivalence between metric transformatio ns and

changes in material parameters. According to this theory,

the general relationship of material parameters between

original and transformed spaces under a cy lindr ic al coor-

dinate system can be written as

[8,28]

/ε

= µ

/µ

= f(r)/rf

′

(r), (1a)

/ε

= µ

/µ

= rf

′

(r)/f(r), (1b)

/ε

= µ

/µ

= f

′

(r)f (r)/r, (1c)

where ε

, ε

and µ

, µ

are the permittivity

and permeability of the transformed space, respectively.

Here, ε

and µ

respectively denote the permittivity and

permeability o f the original space. The original space is

assumed to be fr e e space. The transformation equation

between the transformed space and the original space is

f(r), and f

′

(r) represents the derivative of f(r) in rela-

tion to radius r of the transformed space. For simplicity

1671-7694/2013/091602(5) 091602-1

 2013 Chinese Optics Letters

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