扩散焊接单晶Nd:YAG非平面环振荡器的被动调Q单频输出
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"Passively Q-switched single-frequency output from a diffusion-bonded monolithic Nd:YAG non-planar ring oscillator"
这篇研究论文展示了采用扩散焊接技术的单晶Nd:YAG非平面环形激光器实现被动Q开关单频激光输出的成果。 Nd:YAG（掺钕钇铝石榴石）是一种常用的激光晶体，而Cr4+:YAG则是作为Q开关的材料，它能够通过吸收和释放能量来控制激光的脉冲周期。
文章中提到的非平面环形激光器是一种紧凑型设计，这种结构有助于提高激光器的稳定性和效率。非平面环形配置允许激光在谐振腔内多次反射，增加了光增益，同时减少了模式竞争，有利于实现单频激光输出。
研究实现了1.06微米波长的高稳定性脉冲单频激光。理论分析和模拟结果显示，该激光器的峰值功率达到了14.96千瓦，脉宽为4.8纳秒。这样的性能参数对于单频操作是相当出色的，表明了该设计在功率和脉冲宽度上的优化。
这个工作的重要性在于，脉冲单频激光器在多个领域有着广泛的应用。例如，它们可以用于相干雷达系统，微机械加工，精密测量以及相干成像等。这些应用要求激光器具有高度的频率稳定性、高功率和窄脉宽，以确保数据的准确性和分辨率。
论文中提到的OCIS代码（Optical Society of America的分类系统）140.3540, 140.3560, 140.3570分别对应的是激光物理的特定子领域，可能包括激光材料、Q开关机制和非线性光学效应。doi:10.3788/COL201412.021404则标识了该论文在《中国光学快报》中的具体位置，方便后续引用和查找。
这篇研究在激光科学和技术领域具有重要意义，通过创新的结构设计和材料组合，成功地实现了高效、稳定的单频脉冲激光输出，这将对相关领域的科学研究和工业应用带来积极的影响。
COL 12(2), 021404(2014) CHINESE OPTICS LETTERS February 10, 2014
Pass i vely Q-switched single-frequency output from a
diffusion-bonded monolithic Nd:YAG non-planar
ring oscil l ato r
Mingwei Gao (ppp²²²)
∗
, Fuyong Yue (ÅÅÅ[[[), Tie Feng (¾¾¾ ccc),
Jialong Li (oooZZZ999), and Chunqing Gao (pppSSS)
School of Opto-Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
∗
Corresponding author: ghew@bit.edu.cn
Received October 25, 2013; accepted December 23, 2013; posted online January 24, 2014
A compact monolithic N d:YAG non-planar ring laser with diffusion-bonded Cr
4+
:YAG is demonstrated,
and high stable pulsed single-frequency laser at 1.06 µm is realized. Theoretical analysis and simulation
results of pulsed laser parameters are illustrated. 14.96-kW maximum peak power, pulse-width of 4.8 ns
is achieved for single-frequency operation.
OCIS codes: 140.3540, 140.3560, 140.3570.
doi: 10.3788/COL201412.021404.
Pulsed single-frequency lasers have many potential ap-
plications in such areas as coherent lidars, micro-
machine, metrology, and coherent imaging
[1,2]
. Passive
Q-switching as a simple and effective approach for achiev-
ing pulsed output has been widely reported
[3−5]
. While,
the pulse energy of passively Q-switching laser s using the
conventional standing-wave cavity is unstable because of
spatial hole burning. Mo nolithic non-planar ring oscilla-
tor (NPRO), firstly developed by Kane et al.
[6]
, has been
widely documented due to its advantage of high stability
single frequency operation, narrow linewidth and low fre-
quency noises
[7−9]
. In 1995, Braun et al. demonstrated
Q-switched operation of NPRO by using Fabry-Perot sat-
urable absorbers
[10]
. However, the low peak power (a few
Watts) and the cost limited its applications. In 1997 ,
Freitag et al. reported passively Q-switched single fre-
quency Nd:YAG ring laser by using Cr
4+
:YAG
[11]
. Al-
though it realized peak power of 30 kW, energies of 70-µJ
output, the construction was discrete. And the faces of
Nd:YAG near the saturable abso rber should be antire-
flection coated to minimize the transmission loss.
In this letter, we demonstrate a diode pumped mo no-
lithic Nd:YAG (NPRO) with a diffusion-bonded sat-
urable absorber Cr
4+
:YAG. The stability of the osc illa-
tor was ensured by bo nding the saturable abs orber to
the gain medium. The schematic draw of the mono-
lithic double diffusion-bonded Nd:YAG NPRO crystal
is shown in Fig. 1. The first parts is undoped YAG
to reduce the residual spatial hole burning and thermal
effect
[12,13]
. The second crystal segment is the Cr
4+
:YAG
which is used as saturable absorbers to ensure passively
Q-switched operation. The third parts is the active
Nd:YAG gain media for the laser proces s with 1.0 at.-%
doping concentration. The facets containing B, C, and D
are optically polished flat surfaces on the Nd:YAG crystal
where tota l internal reflections occur. The front surface A
is dielectrically coated for high transmission at the pump
wavelength of 808 nm and a few percent output coupling
at the laser wavelength. Stable single-frequency opera-
tion is accomplished by enforcement of unidirectional op-
eration owing to an intrinsic optical diode. To achieve the
optical diode we applied a permanent magnetic field of
∼0.25 T alo ng the crystal. The unidirectiona l laser oscil-
lation of NPRO cavity will significantly r educe the fluc-
tuation of o utput pulse energy of pass ively Q-switched
Cr
4+
:YAG laser. The co mbination of NPRO cavity a nd
Cr
4+
:YAG ensure a stable single frequency Q-switched
laser os c illation.
The dynamics of the Q-switched proces s could be sim-
ulated with the help of rate e quations. The re le vant rate
equations for pa ssively Q-s witched lasers were firstly de-
rived by Szabo et al.
[14]
. Degnan optimized and simpli-
fied the equations by employing several rational approx-
imations and analytically calculated the parameters of
pulsed laser
[15]
. The pulse energ y and pulse p e ak power
can be given by
E
p
=
hvA
2σγ
ln
1
R
ln
n
i
n
f
, (1)
P
peak
=
hvA ln(
1
R
)c
2
n
i
n
1 −
n
t
n
i
+ N ln
n
t
n
i
−
1
α
(1 − N)
h
1 −
n
t
n
i
α
io
, (2)
where A is the effective bea m area, h is P lanck’s con-
stant, v is the laser frequency, R is the reflectivity of out-
put coupler, c is the speed o f light, σ is the laser emission
Fig. 1. Schematic of N d:YAG NPRO with diffusion-bonded
Cr
4+
:YAG.
1671-7694/2014/021404(4) 021404-1
c
2014 Chinese Optics Letters
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