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首页MySQL 5.5官方手册:包含NDB 7.2指南
MySQL5.5 Reference Manual 是一个全面的文档,它详细介绍了 MySQL 5.5 的各种功能以及基于 NDBCLUSTER 7.2 版本的 MySQL Cluster 的相关内容。该手册涵盖了 MySQL 5.5 从 5.5.0 到 5.5.30 的版本,以及 MySQL Cluster 相应的版本直到 5.5.28-ndb-7.2.10。这份文档特别关注了那些可能不包含在所有 MySQL 5.5 版本中的特性,这意味着用户应参考其许可证协议或联系 Oracle 销售代表了解所购买版本的具体特性。
手册内容包括但不限于:
1. **功能介绍**:文档详细描述了 MySQL 5.5 的核心功能,这些功能可能因许可而异,用户应确认其版本中的具体特性。这可能涵盖了数据库管理、查询优化、存储引擎(如 InnoDB 和 MyISAM)等关键功能。
2. **平台支持**:手册针对不同操作系统进行了说明,如 Linux/Unix 和 Windows,强调了服务器在这些环境下的安装和配置指南。此外,还提到了 Unbreakable Linux Network (ULN) 的使用。
3. **管理员与开发者**:文档不仅面向数据库管理员,也对开发者友好,提供了关于如何编写代码、使用 API 和连接器的指导,比如 Connector/J,这是用于 Java 开发的 MySQL 连接工具。
4. **高可用性和可扩展性(HA/Scalability)**:手册专门有一部分讨论了如何实现 MySQL 集群的高可用性(通过复制、故障转移等技术)和系统的可扩展性,这对于企业级部署非常重要。
5. **教程与指南**:手册包含逐步教程和指南,帮助用户学习如何安装、配置和维护 MySQL 5.5,以及如何处理数据精度、数学运算和全球化需求。
6. **安装与管理**:无论是 MySQL 服务器本身还是 MySQL Workbench(图形化界面工具),手册都提供了详细的安装和使用指南,有助于确保系统的顺利运行。
7. **安全与可靠性**:强调了“Unbreakable”的概念,表明 MySQL 5.5 在设计上注重安全和稳定性,适合生产环境。
总结来说,MySQL 5.5 Reference Manual 是一个综合性的资源,无论你是 MySQL 的新手还是经验丰富的用户,都能从中获取到关键信息来提升数据库管理和应用开发的效率。对于想要深入了解 MySQL 5.5 特性和最佳实践的读者,这是必不可少的一份文档。
MySQL 5.5 Reference Manual
xvi
14.12. The EXAMPLE Storage Engine .................................................................................... 1717
14.13. Other Storage Engines ............................................................................................... 1718
15. High Availability and Scalability ................................................................................................ 1719
15.1. Oracle VM Template for MySQL Enterprise Edition ........................................................ 1722
15.2. Overview of MySQL with DRBD/Pacemaker/Corosync/Oracle Linux ................................ 1723
15.3. Using MySQL within an Amazon EC2 Instance .............................................................. 1725
15.3.1. Setting Up MySQL on an EC2 AMI .................................................................... 1726
15.3.2. EC2 Instance Limitations ................................................................................... 1727
15.3.3. Deploying a MySQL Database Using EC2 .......................................................... 1728
15.4. Using ZFS Replication .................................................................................................. 1730
15.4.1. Using ZFS for File System Replication ................................................................ 1732
15.4.2. Configuring MySQL for ZFS Replication .............................................................. 1732
15.4.3. Handling MySQL Recovery with ZFS .................................................................. 1733
15.5. Using MySQL with memcached .................................................................................... 1733
15.5.1. Installing memcached ........................................................................................ 1735
15.5.2. Using memcached ............................................................................................. 1736
15.5.3. Developing a memcached Application ................................................................. 1756
15.5.4. Getting memcached Statistics ............................................................................ 1783
15.5.5. memcached FAQ ............................................................................................... 1792
15.6. MySQL Proxy ............................................................................................................... 1795
15.6.1. MySQL Proxy Supported Platforms .................................................................... 1796
15.6.2. Installing MySQL Proxy ...................................................................................... 1796
15.6.3. MySQL Proxy Command Options ....................................................................... 1799
15.6.4. MySQL Proxy Scripting ...................................................................................... 1809
15.6.5. Using MySQL Proxy .......................................................................................... 1824
15.6.6. MySQL Proxy FAQ ............................................................................................ 1829
16. Replication .............................................................................................................................. 1835
16.1. Replication Configuration .............................................................................................. 1836
16.1.1. How to Set Up Replication ................................................................................. 1837
16.1.2. Replication Formats ........................................................................................... 1846
16.1.3. Replication and Binary Logging Options and Variables ........................................ 1854
16.1.4. Common Replication Administration Tasks .......................................................... 1901
16.2. Replication Implementation ........................................................................................... 1903
16.2.1. Replication Implementation Details ..................................................................... 1904
16.2.2. Replication Relay and Status Logs ..................................................................... 1906
16.2.3. How Servers Evaluate Replication Filtering Rules ................................................ 1909
16.3. Replication Solutions .................................................................................................... 1915
16.3.1. Using Replication for Backups ............................................................................ 1916
16.3.2. Using Replication with Different Master and Slave Storage Engines ...................... 1919
16.3.3. Using Replication for Scale-Out .......................................................................... 1921
16.3.4. Replicating Different Databases to Different Slaves ............................................. 1922
16.3.5. Improving Replication Performance .................................................................... 1923
16.3.6. Switching Masters During Failover ...................................................................... 1924
16.3.7. Setting Up Replication Using SSL ...................................................................... 1927
16.3.8. Semisynchronous Replication ............................................................................. 1928
16.4. Replication Notes and Tips ........................................................................................... 1933
16.4.1. Replication Features and Issues ......................................................................... 1933
16.4.2. Replication Compatibility Between MySQL Versions ............................................ 1956
16.4.3. Upgrading a Replication Setup ........................................................................... 1958
16.4.4. Troubleshooting Replication ............................................................................... 1959
16.4.5. How to Report Replication Bugs or Problems ...................................................... 1960
17. MySQL Cluster NDB 7.2 ......................................................................................................... 1963
17.1. MySQL Cluster Overview .............................................................................................. 1966
17.1.1. MySQL Cluster Core Concepts .......................................................................... 1968
MySQL 5.5 Reference Manual
xvii
17.1.2. MySQL Cluster Nodes, Node Groups, Replicas, and Partitions ............................. 1971
17.1.3. MySQL Cluster Hardware, Software, and Networking Requirements ..................... 1973
17.1.4. MySQL Cluster Development History .................................................................. 1975
17.1.5. MySQL Server using InnoDB Compared with MySQL Cluster .............................. 1977
17.1.6. Known Limitations of MySQL Cluster .................................................................. 1982
17.2. MySQL Cluster Installation ............................................................................................ 1993
17.2.1. Installing MySQL Cluster on Linux ...................................................................... 1996
17.2.2. Installing MySQL Cluster on Windows ................................................................ 2001
17.2.3. Initial Configuration of MySQL Cluster ................................................................ 2010
17.2.4. Initial Startup of MySQL Cluster ......................................................................... 2012
17.2.5. MySQL Cluster Example with Tables and Data ................................................... 2013
17.2.6. Safe Shutdown and Restart of MySQL Cluster .................................................... 2017
17.2.7. Upgrading and Downgrading MySQL Cluster NDB 7.2 ......................................... 2018
17.3. MySQL Cluster Configuration ........................................................................................ 2018
17.3.1. Quick Test Setup of MySQL Cluster ................................................................... 2019
17.3.2. MySQL Cluster Configuration Files ..................................................................... 2021
17.3.3. Overview of MySQL Cluster Configuration Parameters ........................................ 2100
17.3.4. MySQL Server Options and Variables for MySQL Cluster .................................... 2122
17.3.5. Using High-Speed Interconnects with MySQL Cluster .......................................... 2170
17.4. MySQL Cluster Programs ............................................................................................. 2172
17.4.1. ndbd — The MySQL Cluster Data Node Daemon ............................................... 2172
17.4.2. ndbinfo_select_all — Select From ndbinfo Tables ...................................... 2179
17.4.3. ndbmtd — The MySQL Cluster Data Node Daemon (Multi-Threaded) .................. 2180
17.4.4. ndb_mgmd — The MySQL Cluster Management Server Daemon ......................... 2182
17.4.5. ndb_mgm — The MySQL Cluster Management Client .......................................... 2190
17.4.6. ndb_config — Extract MySQL Cluster Configuration Information ....................... 2191
17.4.7. ndb_cpcd — Automate Testing for NDB Development ........................................ 2199
17.4.8. ndb_delete_all — Delete All Rows from an NDB Table .................................. 2199
17.4.9. ndb_desc — Describe NDB Tables ................................................................... 2200
17.4.10. ndb_drop_index — Drop Index from an NDB Table ....................................... 2204
17.4.11. ndb_drop_table — Drop an NDB Table ........................................................ 2205
17.4.12. ndb_error_reporter — NDB Error-Reporting Utility ..................................... 2205
17.4.13. ndb_index_stat — NDB Index Statistics Utility .............................................. 2206
17.4.14. ndb_print_backup_file — Print NDB Backup File Contents ........................ 2211
17.4.15. ndb_print_schema_file — Print NDB Schema File Contents ....................... 2211
17.4.16. ndb_print_sys_file — Print NDB System File Contents .............................. 2211
17.4.17. ndbd_redo_log_reader — Check and Print Content of Cluster Redo Log ....... 2212
17.4.18. ndb_restore — Restore a MySQL Cluster Backup ......................................... 2213
17.4.19. ndb_select_all — Print Rows from an NDB Table ....................................... 2225
17.4.20. ndb_select_count — Print Row Counts for NDB Tables ................................ 2228
17.4.21. ndb_show_tables — Display List of NDB Tables ........................................... 2229
17.4.22. ndb_size.pl — NDBCLUSTER Size Requirement Estimator ........................... 2230
17.4.23. ndb_waiter — Wait for MySQL Cluster to Reach a Given Status ..................... 2233
17.4.24. Options Common to MySQL Cluster Programs — Options Common to MySQL
Cluster Programs .......................................................................................................... 2236
17.5. Management of MySQL Cluster .................................................................................... 2239
17.5.1. Summary of MySQL Cluster Start Phases .......................................................... 2240
17.5.2. Commands in the MySQL Cluster Management Client ......................................... 2242
17.5.3. Online Backup of MySQL Cluster ....................................................................... 2245
17.5.4. MySQL Server Usage for MySQL Cluster ........................................................... 2250
17.5.5. Performing a Rolling Restart of a MySQL Cluster ................................................ 2251
17.5.6. Event Reports Generated in MySQL Cluster ....................................................... 2254
17.5.7. MySQL Cluster Log Messages ........................................................................... 2263
17.5.8. MySQL Cluster Single User Mode ...................................................................... 2274
MySQL 5.5 Reference Manual
xviii
17.5.9. Quick Reference: MySQL Cluster SQL Statements .............................................. 2275
17.5.10. The ndbinfo MySQL Cluster Information Database ......................................... 2278
17.5.11. MySQL Cluster Security Issues ........................................................................ 2298
17.5.12. MySQL Cluster Disk Data Tables ..................................................................... 2305
17.5.13. Adding MySQL Cluster Data Nodes Online ....................................................... 2312
17.5.14. Distributed MySQL Privileges for MySQL Cluster ............................................... 2323
17.5.15. NDB API Statistics Counters and Variables ....................................................... 2325
17.6. MySQL Cluster Replication ........................................................................................... 2337
17.6.1. MySQL Cluster Replication: Abbreviations and Symbols ...................................... 2339
17.6.2. General Requirements for MySQL Cluster Replication ......................................... 2339
17.6.3. Known Issues in MySQL Cluster Replication ....................................................... 2340
17.6.4. MySQL Cluster Replication Schema and Tables .................................................. 2347
17.6.5. Preparing the MySQL Cluster for Replication ...................................................... 2350
17.6.6. Starting MySQL Cluster Replication (Single Replication Channel) ......................... 2351
17.6.7. Using Two Replication Channels for MySQL Cluster Replication ........................... 2353
17.6.8. Implementing Failover with MySQL Cluster Replication ........................................ 2354
17.6.9. MySQL Cluster Backups With MySQL Cluster Replication ................................... 2355
17.6.10. MySQL Cluster Replication: Multi-Master and Circular Replication ...................... 2361
17.6.11. MySQL Cluster Replication Conflict Resolution .................................................. 2366
17.7. MySQL Cluster Release Notes ..................................................................................... 2375
17.7.1. Changes in MySQL Cluster NDB 7.2 .................................................................. 2375
18. Partitioning .............................................................................................................................. 2391
18.1. Overview of Partitioning in MySQL ................................................................................ 2393
18.2. Partitioning Types ......................................................................................................... 2395
18.2.1. RANGE Partitioning ............................................................................................. 2397
18.2.2. LIST Partitioning ............................................................................................... 2401
18.2.3. COLUMNS Partitioning ......................................................................................... 2403
18.2.4. HASH Partitioning ............................................................................................... 2411
18.2.5. KEY Partitioning ................................................................................................. 2414
18.2.6. Subpartitioning ................................................................................................... 2416
18.2.7. How MySQL Partitioning Handles NULL .............................................................. 2419
18.3. Partition Management ................................................................................................... 2424
18.3.1. Management of RANGE and LIST Partitions ........................................................ 2425
18.3.2. Management of HASH and KEY Partitions ............................................................ 2430
18.3.3. Maintenance of Partitions ................................................................................... 2431
18.3.4. Obtaining Information About Partitions ................................................................ 2432
18.4. Partition Pruning ........................................................................................................... 2434
18.5. Restrictions and Limitations on Partitioning .................................................................... 2437
18.5.1. Partitioning Keys, Primary Keys, and Unique Keys .............................................. 2443
18.5.2. Partitioning Limitations Relating to Storage Engines ............................................ 2447
18.5.3. Partitioning Limitations Relating to Functions ...................................................... 2447
18.5.4. Partitioning and Table-Level Locking .................................................................. 2448
19. Stored Programs and Views .................................................................................................... 2451
19.1. Defining Stored Programs ............................................................................................. 2452
19.2. Using Stored Routines (Procedures and Functions) ....................................................... 2453
19.2.1. Stored Routine Syntax ....................................................................................... 2454
19.2.2. Stored Routines and MySQL Privileges .............................................................. 2454
19.2.3. Stored Routine Metadata ................................................................................... 2455
19.2.4. Stored Procedures, Functions, Triggers, and LAST_INSERT_ID() ...................... 2455
19.3. Using Triggers .............................................................................................................. 2455
19.3.1. Trigger Syntax ................................................................................................... 2456
19.3.2. Trigger Metadata ............................................................................................... 2458
19.4. Using the Event Scheduler ........................................................................................... 2458
19.4.1. Event Scheduler Overview ................................................................................. 2459
MySQL 5.5 Reference Manual
xix
19.4.2. Event Scheduler Configuration ........................................................................... 2460
19.4.3. Event Syntax ..................................................................................................... 2462
19.4.4. Event Metadata ................................................................................................. 2462
19.4.5. Event Scheduler Status ..................................................................................... 2463
19.4.6. The Event Scheduler and MySQL Privileges ....................................................... 2464
19.5. Using Views ................................................................................................................. 2466
19.5.1. View Syntax ...................................................................................................... 2467
19.5.2. View Processing Algorithms ............................................................................... 2467
19.5.3. Updatable and Insertable Views ......................................................................... 2469
19.5.4. View Metadata .................................................................................................. 2471
19.6. Access Control for Stored Programs and Views ............................................................. 2471
19.7. Binary Logging of Stored Programs ............................................................................... 2472
20. INFORMATION_SCHEMA Tables ............................................................................................... 2479
20.1. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA CHARACTER_SETS Table ................................................. 2482
20.2. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA COLLATIONS Table ......................................................... 2483
20.3. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA COLLATION_CHARACTER_SET_APPLICABILITY Table .... 2483
20.4. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA COLUMNS Table ............................................................... 2483
20.5. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA COLUMN_PRIVILEGES Table ........................................... 2485
20.6. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA ENGINES Table ............................................................... 2485
20.7. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA EVENTS Table ................................................................. 2486
20.8. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA GLOBAL_STATUS and SESSION_STATUS Tables ............... 2489
20.9. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA GLOBAL_VARIABLES and SESSION_VARIABLES Tables ... 2489
20.10. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA KEY_COLUMN_USAGE Table ........................................... 2490
20.11. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA PARAMETERS Table ....................................................... 2491
20.12. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA PARTITIONS Table ....................................................... 2491
20.13. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA PLUGINS Table ............................................................. 2494
20.14. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA PROCESSLIST Table ..................................................... 2496
20.15. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA PROFILING Table ......................................................... 2496
20.16. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA REFERENTIAL_CONSTRAINTS Table .............................. 2497
20.17. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA ROUTINES Table ........................................................... 2498
20.18. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA SCHEMATA Table ........................................................... 2499
20.19. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA SCHEMA_PRIVILEGES Table ......................................... 2500
20.20. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA STATISTICS Table ....................................................... 2500
20.21. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA TABLES Table ............................................................... 2501
20.22. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA TABLESPACES Table ..................................................... 2502
20.23. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA TABLE_CONSTRAINTS Table ......................................... 2503
20.24. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA TABLE_PRIVILEGES Table ........................................... 2503
20.25. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA TRIGGERS Table ........................................................... 2504
20.26. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA USER_PRIVILEGES Table ............................................. 2506
20.27. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA VIEWS Table ................................................................. 2506
20.28. INFORMATION_SCHEMA Tables for InnoDB ................................................................. 2507
20.28.1. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_CMP and INNODB_CMP_RESET Tables .... 2508
20.28.2. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_CMPMEM and INNODB_CMPMEM_RESET
Tables .......................................................................................................................... 2508
20.28.3. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_TRX Table ............................................. 2509
20.28.4. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_LOCKS Table ......................................... 2510
20.28.5. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_LOCK_WAITS Table ............................... 2511
20.28.6. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_BUFFER_PAGE Table ............................. 2512
20.28.7. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_BUFFER_PAGE_LRU Table ..................... 2513
20.28.8. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_BUFFER_POOL_STATS Table ................. 2513
20.29. INFORMATION_SCHEMA Tables for MySQL Cluster ...................................................... 2514
20.29.1. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA FILES Table ...................................................... 2515
20.29.2. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA ndb_transid_mysql_connection_map Table . 2520
20.30. Thread Pool INFORMATION_SCHEMA Tables ............................................................... 2521
MySQL 5.5 Reference Manual
xx
20.30.1. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA TP_THREAD_STATE Table ................................... 2522
20.30.2. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA TP_THREAD_GROUP_STATE Table ....................... 2523
20.30.3. The INFORMATION_SCHEMA TP_THREAD_GROUP_STATS Table ....................... 2524
20.31. Extensions to SHOW Statements .................................................................................. 2526
21. MySQL Performance Schema .................................................................................................. 2529
21.1. Performance Schema Quick Start ................................................................................. 2530
21.2. Performance Schema Configuration .............................................................................. 2536
21.2.1. Performance Schema Build Configuration ........................................................... 2536
21.2.2. Performance Schema Startup Configuration ........................................................ 2537
21.2.3. Performance Schema Runtime Configuration ...................................................... 2538
21.3. Performance Schema Queries ...................................................................................... 2545
21.4. Performance Schema Instrument Naming Conventions .................................................. 2545
21.5. Performance Schema Status Monitoring ........................................................................ 2547
21.6. Performance Schema General Table Characteristics ...................................................... 2550
21.7. Performance Schema Table Descriptions ...................................................................... 2550
21.7.1. Performance Schema Setup Tables ................................................................... 2551
21.7.2. Performance Schema Instance Tables ................................................................ 2553
21.7.3. Performance Schema Wait Event Tables ............................................................ 2556
21.7.4. Performance Schema Summary Tables .............................................................. 2558
21.7.5. Performance Schema Miscellaneous Tables ....................................................... 2561
21.8. Performance Schema System Variables ........................................................................ 2562
21.9. Performance Schema Status Variables .......................................................................... 2569
21.10. Performance Schema and Plugins .............................................................................. 2570
21.11. Using the Performance Schema to Diagnose Problems ................................................ 2570
22. Connectors and APIs .............................................................................................................. 2573
22.1. MySQL Connector/ODBC ............................................................................................. 2578
22.1.1. Connector/ODBC Versions ................................................................................. 2579
22.1.2. Connector/ODBC Introduction ............................................................................ 2580
22.1.3. Connector/ODBC Installation .............................................................................. 2583
22.1.4. Configuring Connector/ODBC ............................................................................. 2594
22.1.5. Connector/ODBC Examples ............................................................................... 2615
22.1.6. Connector/ODBC Reference .............................................................................. 2643
22.1.7. Connector/ODBC Notes and Tips ....................................................................... 2650
22.1.8. Connector/ODBC Support .................................................................................. 2661
22.2. MySQL Connector/Net .................................................................................................. 2662
22.2.1. Connector/Net Versions ..................................................................................... 2663
22.2.2. Installing Connector/Net ..................................................................................... 2665
22.2.3. Connector/Net Visual Studio Integration .............................................................. 2673
22.2.4. Connector/Net Tutorials ..................................................................................... 2708
22.2.5. Connector/Net Programming .............................................................................. 2753
22.2.6. Connector/Net Connection String Options Reference ........................................... 2795
22.2.7. Connector/Net API Reference ............................................................................ 2802
22.2.8. Connector/Net Support ...................................................................................... 2913
22.2.9. Connector/Net FAQ ........................................................................................... 2914
22.3. MySQL Connector/J ..................................................................................................... 2915
22.3.1. Overview of MySQL Connector/J ........................................................................ 2915
22.3.2. Connector/J Versions ......................................................................................... 2916
22.3.3. Connector/J Installation ...................................................................................... 2917
22.3.4. Connector/J Examples ....................................................................................... 2922
22.3.5. Connector/J (JDBC) Reference .......................................................................... 2923
22.3.6. JDBC Concepts ................................................................................................. 2957
22.3.7. Connection Pooling with Connector/J .................................................................. 2966
22.3.8. Load Balancing with Connector/J ....................................................................... 2970
22.3.9. Failover with Connector/J ................................................................................... 2972
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