Windows Internals 6th Edition, Part 2深度解析

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"Windows Internals 6th, Part 2 pdf" 《Windows Internals》第六版的第二部分是深入理解微软Windows操作系统内核的重要参考资料，由Mark Russinovich、David A. Solomon和Alex Ionescu三位专家共同撰写。这本书从第八章开始，涵盖了Windows操作系统的核心机制和内部工作原理。在这一部分中，作者们详细探讨了以下关键知识点： 1. **进程和线程管理**：这部分详细阐述了Windows是如何创建、调度和管理进程与线程的。包括进程上下文切换、线程同步机制（如临界区、事件、信号量和互斥量）以及线程优先级等。 2. **内存管理**：深入讲解了Windows如何分配、管理和回收物理及虚拟内存。涉及页面调度、分页机制、内存映射文件、工作集优化等概念。 3. **文件系统和存储**：涵盖了NTFS、FAT/FAT32等文件系统的结构和操作，包括文件的创建、读写、元数据管理、事务支持以及磁盘I/O管理。 4. **网络协议栈**：详细介绍了Windows中的TCP/IP协议实现，包括套接字接口、IP层、TCP和UDP协议处理、网络配置和故障恢复。 5. **安全性与权限**：讨论了Windows的安全模型，如用户账户控制（UAC）、访问令牌、安全标识符（SID）、权限和访问控制列表（ACL）的使用。 6. **设备驱动程序**：分析了驱动程序的架构，包括内核模式和用户模式驱动，以及驱动程序开发的基本原则和接口。 7. **系统调用和异常处理**：解释了进程如何通过系统调用来请求操作系统服务，并描述了异常处理机制，包括中断描述符表（IDT）和异常处理框架。 8. **Windows服务**：涵盖了系统服务的启动、控制和交互，以及服务应用程序接口（API）的使用。 9. **系统初始化和启动过程**：详细解析了从BIOS到Windows启动加载器的整个启动流程，包括HAL（硬件抽象层）加载和系统服务的初始化。 10. **调试技术**：介绍了Windows调试工具的使用，如WinDbg，以及如何对内核模式和用户模式的程序进行调试。该书不仅适合于系统管理员、软件开发者和安全研究人员，也对任何想要深入了解Windows操作系统底层运作的人士极具价值。通过阅读此书，读者能够掌握Windows系统的核心机制，从而更好地优化应用程序、解决系统问题和提升系统性能。

xvi Introduction

History of the Book

This is the sixth edition of a book that was originally called Inside Windows NT

(Microsoft Press, 1992), written by Helen Custer (prior to the initial release of Microsoft

Windows NT 3.1). Inside Windows NT was the rst book ever published about Windows

NT and provided key insights into the architecture and design of the system. Inside

Windows NT, Second Edition (Microsoft Press, 1998) was written by David Solomon. It

updated the original book to cover Windows NT 4.0 and had a greatly increased level

of technical depth.

Inside Windows 2000, Third Edition (Microsoft Press, 2000) was authored by David

Solomon and Mark Russinovich. It added many new topics, such as startup and shut-

down, service internals, registry internals, le-system drivers, and networking. It also

covered kernel changes in Windows 2000, such as the Windows Driver Model (WDM),

Plug and Play, power management, Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI),

encryption, the job object, and Terminal Services. Windows Internals, Fourth Edition was

the Windows XP and Windows Server 2003 update and added more content focused

on helping IT professionals make use of their knowledge of Windows internals, such as

using key tools from Windows Sysinternals (www.microsoft.com/technet/sysinternals)

and analyzing crash dumps. Windows Internals, Fifth Edition was the update for

Windows Vista and Windows Server 2008. New content included the image loader,

user-mode debugging facility, and Hyper-V.

Sixth Edition Changes

This latest edition has been updated to cover the kernel changes made in Windows 7

and Windows Server 2008 R2. Hands-on experiments have been updated to reect

changes in tools.

Hands-on Experiments

Even without access to the Windows source code, you can glean much about Windows

internals from tools such as the kernel debugger and tools from Sysinternals and

Winsider Seminars & Solutions. When a tool can be used to expose or demonstrate

some aspect of the internal behavior of Windows, the steps for trying the tool yourself

are listed in “EXPERIMENT” boxes. These appear throughout the book, and we encour-

age you to try these as you’re reading—seeing visible proof of how Windows works

internally will make much more of an impression on you than just reading about it will.

Introduction xvii

Topics Not Covered

Windows is a large and complex operating system. This book doesn’t cover everything

relevant to Windows internals but instead focuses on the base system components. For

example, this book doesn’t describe COM+, the Windows distributed object-oriented

programming infrastructure, or the Microsoft .NET Framework, the foundation of man-

aged code applications.

Because this is an internals book and not a user, programming, or system administra-

tion book, it doesn’t describe how to use, program, or congure Windows.

A Warning and a Caveat

Because this book describes undocumented behavior of the internal architecture and

the operation of the Windows operating system (such as internal kernel structures and

functions), this content is subject to change between releases. (External interfaces, such

as the Windows API, are not subject to incompatible changes.)

By “subject to change,” we don’t necessarily mean that details described in this book

will change between releases, but you can’t count on them not changing. Any soft-

ware that uses these undocumented interfaces might not work on future releases of

Windows. Even worse, software that runs in kernel mode (such as device drivers) and

uses these undocumented interfaces might experience a system crash when running on

a newer release of Windows.

Acknowledgments

First, thanks to Jamie Hanrahan and Brian Catlin of Azius, LLC for joining us on this

project—the book would not have been nished without their help. They did the bulk

of the updates on the “Security” and “Networking” chapters and contributed to the

update of the “Management Mechanisms” and “Processes and Threads” chapters. Azius

provides Windows-internals and device-driver training. See www.azius.com for more

information.

We want to recognize Alex Ionescu, who for this edition is a full coauthor. This is a

reection of Alex’s extensive work on the fth edition, as well as his continuing work on

this edition.

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